Kashmar Persian:کاشمر | |
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City | |
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 Location of Kashmar County in Razavi Khorasan province | |
  Kashmar  Kashmar | |
| Coordinates:35°14′41″N58°27′39″E / 35.24472°N 58.46083°E /35.24472; 58.46083[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Razavi Khorasan |
| County | Kashmar |
| District | Central |
| Elevation | 1,063 m (3,488 ft) |
| Population (2016 Census)[2] | |
| • Urban | 102,282 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Area code | (+98) 051 552 |
| Kashmar atGEOnet Names Server | |
Kashmar (Persian:کاشمر;/kɑːʃˈmær/)[a] is a city in theCentral District ofKashmar County,Razavi Khorasan province,Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] Kashmar is near theriver Shesh Taraz in the western part of the province, and south of the province's capitalMashhad, in Iran, from east toBardaskan, west toTorbat-e Heydarieh, north toNishapur, south toGonabad. Until two centuries ago, this city was namedTorshiz (ترشیز).
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 81,527 in 21,947 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 90,200 people in 26,445 households.[6] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 102,282 people in 31,775 households.[2]
Kashmar is a city withancient history and manylegendary stories Among the historical legends are about the Cypress of Kashmar.[7]
The Cypress of Kashmar is a mythical cypress tree of legendary beauty and gargantuan dimensions. It is said to have sprung from a branch brought byZoroaster from Paradise and to have stood in today's Kashmar in northeastern Iran and to have been planted by Zoroaster in honor of the conversion ofKing Vishtaspa toZoroastrianism. According to the Iranian physicist and historianZakariya al-Qazwini King Vishtaspa had been a patron of Zoroaster who planted the tree himself. In hisʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt, he further describes how theAl-Mutawakkil in 247 AH (861 AD) caused the mighty cypress to be felled, and then transported it across Iran, to be used for beams in his new palace atSamarra. Before, he wanted the tree to be reconstructed before his eyes. This was done in spite of protests by the Iranians, who offered a very high sum of money to save the tree. Al-Mutawakkil never saw the cypress, because he was murdered by aTurkish soldier (possibly in the employ of his son) on the night when it arrived on the banks of theTigris.[8][9]
KashmarFire Temple was the firstZoroastrian fire temple built byVishtaspa at the request ofZoroaster in Kashmar. In a part ofFerdowsi'sShahnameh, the story of finding Zarathustra and accepting Vishtaspa's religion is regulated that after acceptingZoroastrian religion, Vishtaspa sends priests all over the universe And Azar enters the fire temples (domes) and the first of them isAdur Burzen-Mihr who founded in Kashmar and planted a cypress tree in front of the fire temple and made it a symbol of accepting the Zoroastrian religion. And he sent priests all over the world, and commanded all the famous men and women to come to that place of worship.[10]
The city is fourthpilgrimage city in Iran and it is the second most pilgrimage city afterMashhad in Razavi Khorasan Province.[11]
At present, Kashmar has five higher education centers, including Payame Noor University of Kashmar, Islamic Azad University of Kashmar,[12] Jihad University of Kashmar, Kashmar Higher Education Center and theSchool of Nursing. According to thestatistics of the above institute, 3,794,420 students are studying in the country's universities, of which about 3,500 are Kashmir students.[13]
The city is a major producer ofraisins and has about 40 types of grapes. It is also internationally recognized for exportingsaffron and handmadePersian rugs. The main souvenirs of this city are the Kashmar carpet,raisins, grapes,saffron,dried fruits, and the confectionarysohan.[14]
Kashmar carpet is a regionalPersian carpet named after its origin, the city of Kashmar, that is produced throughout theKashmar County. The carpets are handmade and are often available with landscape and hunting designs.[15][16][17] The history of carpet weaving in Kashmar dates back to 150 years and the contemporary art of carpet weaving dates back to 1920. However, between 1260 and 1280, mass production of carpets was recorded by historians. The first master weaver in the Kashmar region was Mohammad Kermani, who, despite his last name, was not fromKerman, but people say he was born in a village calledForutqeh near Kashmar. According to historians, the master weaver brought the knowledge of carpet weaving fromKerman province, and his first work was probably commissioned by Saeed Hossein Sajjadi, a native and resident of Forutqeh and a famous carpet manufacturer.[18]
Despite theprohibition of alcohol in Iran, Kashmar is reported to have 3300 hectares of vineyards.[19] 50% of the raisins produced in the city are exported to Europe.[20] InGermany, a company produces its beverages with the brand "Kashmar", which is especially favoured among theIranian diaspora in Germany.[19] The unregulated and illegal production of alcohol within the city caused two deaths in 2018 from intoxication.[21] in the same year, a manufactury with 300 liters alcohol was found and destroyed.[22]
The Tomb of SayyidHassan Modarres is the burial site of Sayyid Hassan Modares, formerPrime Minister of Iran. It was built in 1937 in Kashmar, Iran, as opposed to using the former tomb of Kashmar in the vast gardens of Kashmar. The tomb building consists of a centraldome, four dock and a dome made ofturquoise, in the style ofIslamic architecture and theSafavid dynasty. Seyed Hassan Modares lived during thePahlavi dynasty and was from the Sadat of Tabatabai. He was a political constitutionalist.[23][24][25]
The Hassan Modarres Museum is a Museum belongs to the 21st century and is located in Kashmar,Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran.[26][27]
Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza is related to theQajar dynasty and is located inRazavi Khorasan Province, Kashmar. Massive trees, waterfalls and swimming pools add to the attractions of this place, and on the other hand, a good number of living rooms provide a good base for traveling to this place, as well as the many shops and dining halls.[28][29]
Imamzadeh Hamzah, Kashmar the oldest mosque in Kashmar, includes the tomb of Hamza al-Hamza ibnMusa al-Kadhim, the garden and the public cemetery, and is as an Imamzadeh.[30][31]
Jameh Mosque of Kashmar, the place whereJumu'ah is performed, was built in Kashmar in 1791 byFath-Ali Shah Qajar. This Mosque is opposite theAmin al-tojar Caravansarai.[32][33]
Haji Jalal Mosque is aQajar dynasty period mosque in Kashmar,Razavi Khorasan Province.[34]
Kohneh Castle is a Castle related to the1st millennium and is located in theKashmar County,Zendeh Jan village.[35]
The Atashgah Manmade-Cave or Atashgah Cave is located 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Kashmar city,Iran and the cave has two entrance passages.[36]
Atashgah Castle is a castle in the city of Kashmar, and is one of the attractions of Kashmar. This castle was built by theSasanian government and it was famous in ancient times.[37][38]
Rig castle is a Castle related to theSeljuq dynasty and is located in theKashmar County,Quzhd village.[39][40]
Amin al-tojar Caravansarai is acaravanserai related to theQajar dynasty and is located in Kashmar. This Caravansarai is opposite theJameh Mosque of Kashmar.[41][42]
This school is one of the buildings of theQajar era, which has a central courtyard and is surrounded on four sides by two-story rooms and two north and south porches.[43][44]
Talaabad Watermill is aWatermill related to the lateSafavid period and is located inKashmar County,Central District,Quzhd village.[45][46]
The Yakhchāl of Kashmar is a historicalYakhchāl belongs to theQajar dynasty and is located inKashmar County, Razavi Khorasan Province.[47]
Arg of Kashmar Or Arg of Hosen is a historicalCitadel located inKashmar County in Razavi Khorasan Province, The lifespan of this building goes back toQajar dynasty.[48]
Imamzadeh Mohammad is aImamzadeh who belongs to theHistory of modern and is located inKashmar County, Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran.[49][50]
Grave of Pir Quzhd is a historicalGrave related to the Before the 11th century AH and is located inQuzhd, Razavi Khorasan Province.[51][52]
The Qanats of Quzhd is a historicalQanat is located inQuzhd inKashmar County.[53][54]
The Seyed Morteza Forest Park is aForest Park is located in Kashmar,Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran.[55][56]
Ultralight Airport Kashmar is an airport in the city of Kashmar in Iran, which is located on a 17-hectare land in the southwest of Razavi Khorasan province, about 240 kilometers from the city ofMashhad; And with one runway, it has the capacity to accept all light and ultralight aircraft.[57]
Manuchehr Eqbal (Persian:منوچهر اقبال; 13 October 1909 – 25 November 1977) was an Iranianroyalist politician. He held office as thePrime Minister of Iran from 1957 to 1960. He served as the minister of health inAhmad Ghavam's cabinet, minister of culture inAbdolhosein Hazhir's cabinet, minister of transportation inRajabAli Mansur's cabinet, and interior minister inMohammad Sa'ed's cabinet. He also served as the governor ofEast Azarbaijan province.[58] In 1957, he became prime minister, replacing Hussein Ala.[58][59] Eghbal continued as prime minister until fall 1960 and was replaced by Sharif Emami.[60] Until his death, he served as a top executive inIran's National Oil Company. He was also one of the close aides to the Shah.[61]
Fateme Ekhtesari, also Fatemeh Ekhtesari, (born 1986) is an Iranian poet.[62][63] Ekhtesari lived inKaraj and she writes inPersian.[64] In 2013, she appeared at the poetry festival inGothenburg (Göteborgs poesifestival). After she arrived back in Iran she was imprisoned and later released on bail. Her verdict came in 2015 when she was sentenced to 99 lashes and 11.5 years imprisonment for crimes against the Iranian government, for immoral behaviour and blasphemy.[65]
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Alireza Faghani (Persian:عليرضا فغانى, born 21 March 1978) is an Iranian international football referee who has been officiating in thePersian Gulf Pro League for several seasons and has been on the FIFA list since 2008. Faghani has refereed important matches such as the2014 AFC Champions League Final, the2015 AFC Asian Cup Final, the2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final, the2016 Olympic football final match. He has refereed matches in the2017 Liga 1,2017 FIFA Confederations Cup,2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia and the2019 AFC Asian Cup. Alireza migrated to Australia in September 2019.
Fereydoun Jeyrani (Persian:فریدون جیرانی; born in 1951, Bardaskan) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and Television presenter. He was the director, producer and host ofhaft (Seven) (an Iranian television series about Iranian Cinema) until 2012. Along with his unconventional performance in Haft, he is best known for directingRed, The Season Salad, Water and Fire,Pink andI am a Mother.[66][67] Jeyrani TV HostHaft First series.
Mohammad Khazaee (Persian:محمد خزاعی, born 12 April 1953 in Kashmar,Iran)[68] is the former Ambassador ofIran to the United Nations. He presented his credentials to theUnited Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon in July 2007.[68] He was elected as Vice President of theUnited Nations General Assembly on 14 September 2011.
Ali Rahmani (علی رحمانی) was born in Kashmar (25 May 1967). He was the first managing director ofTehran Stock Exchange.[69][70] He is an associate professor atAlzahra University.
Iran Teymourtāsh (Persian:ایران تیمورتاش; 1914–1991), the eldest daughter ofAbdolhossein Teymourtāsh, is considered a pioneer among women activists in 20th-centuryIran. Her father's position as the second most powerful political personality in Iran, from 1925 to 1932, afforded Iran Teymourtāsh the opportunity to play a prominent role in that country's women's affairs early in life.[71][72][73]
On 5 December 2011, an AmericanLockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinelunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was captured by Iranian forces near the city of Kashmar in northeasternIran. The Iranian government announced that the UAV was brought down by itscyberwarfare unit which commandeered the aircraft and safely landed it, after initial reports from Western news sources disputedly claimed that it had been "shot down".[74] The United States government initially denied the claims but laterPresident Obama acknowledged that the downed aircraft was a US drone.[75][76] Iran filed a complaint to the UN over the airspace violation. Obama asked Iran to return the drone. Iran is said to have produced drones based on the captured RQ-170.
In 2018, a pair ofAmerican citizens were issued hunting permits by the city of Kashmar. This was seen as irregular, and a commission was formed to protect the interests of the city against foreign influence. All involved departments were investigated severely and American citizens were banned from entering the city.[77]
The Kashmar earthquake occurred on 25 September 1903, at 1:20 am UTC time in Iran. Its magnitude is 6.5 on the Richter scale. TheU.S. Geological Survey[78] also estimated the quake at35°12′N58°12′E / 35.2°N 58.2°E /35.2; 58.2 E and its magnitude was 6.5 on the Richter scale..
The death toll from the earthquake was about 200.
Kashmar County with twocentral district and Farah Dasht, and to the center of Kashmar city has occupied an area of about 3390 square kilometers of Khorasan Razavi Province With the County ofKuhsorkh. This city is adjacent toKhalilabad from the west, toNishapur andBardaskan from the north and northwest, toTorbat-e Heydarieh from the east and northeast, and to theFeyzabad from the south and southwest. Kashmar city has two mountainous areas of theRivash in the north and FaganBajestan heights in the south and desert and arid regions in the west and south and fertile plains in the suburbs and its towns. In terms of climate, it can be said that Kashmar has all three types of climate because the northern parts of the city are mountainous and cold, the central regions are temperate and the southern regions are arid and semi-arid due to its proximity to the Lut desert.[79][80]
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate ascold desert (BWk) with short, cool winters and long, hot summers.[81]
| Climate data for Kashmar (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) | 26.4 (79.5) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.4 (95.7) | 38.6 (101.5) | 43.0 (109.4) | 42.6 (108.7) | 42.6 (108.7) | 38.4 (101.1) | 35.2 (95.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 24.4 (75.9) | 43.0 (109.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) | 12.0 (53.6) | 17.4 (63.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 30.2 (86.4) | 35.5 (95.9) | 37.2 (99.0) | 35.8 (96.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 25.2 (77.4) | 17.1 (62.8) | 11.4 (52.5) | 23.9 (75.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 18.5 (65.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 31.0 (87.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 18.7 (65.7) | 11.5 (52.7) | 6.3 (43.3) | 18.1 (64.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) | 2.5 (36.5) | 7.1 (44.8) | 12.8 (55.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.5 (63.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 6.5 (43.7) | 2.0 (35.6) | 12.2 (54.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.8 (3.6) | −12.0 (10.4) | −4.8 (23.4) | −2.0 (28.4) | 3.6 (38.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 15.6 (60.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 6.5 (43.7) | −0.8 (30.6) | −9.3 (15.3) | −8.8 (16.2) | −15.8 (3.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 31.1 (1.22) | 33.7 (1.33) | 45.4 (1.79) | 28.5 (1.12) | 12.7 (0.50) | 1.8 (0.07) | 0.7 (0.03) | 0.2 (0.01) | 1.0 (0.04) | 4.4 (0.17) | 12.9 (0.51) | 22.3 (0.88) | 194.7 (7.67) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 29.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 61.0 | 55.0 | 48.0 | 40.0 | 30.0 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 23.0 | 32.0 | 46.0 | 57.0 | 38.0 |
| Averagedew point °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) | −2.1 (28.2) | 0.4 (32.7) | 3.5 (38.3) | 4.9 (40.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 5.8 (42.4) | 4.1 (39.4) | 1.7 (35.1) | 1.0 (33.8) | −0.8 (30.6) | −2.2 (28.0) | 1.5 (34.7) |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 184.0 | 186.0 | 212.0 | 251.0 | 308.0 | 348.0 | 370.0 | 361.0 | 317.0 | 281.0 | 215.0 | 188.0 | 3,221 |
| Source:NOAA[82] | |||||||||||||
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Media related toKashmar at Wikimedia Commons
Kashmar travel guide from Wikivoyage
The town of Kashmar in Khorassan province, between Meshed and Birjand, weaves carpets in a variety of styles and in a stitch which may also be described as intermediate between Meshed and Birjand. The design shown ...
Kashmar lies at the edge of the great salt desert about 150 km (100 miles) south-west of Meshed. Under its earlier name of Turshiz its carpets had an indifferent reputation. The change of name occurred under the reign of ...
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