Kartuzy Kartëzë (Kashubian) | |
|---|---|
 Kartuzy from a bird's-eye view | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kartuzy | |
| Coordinates:54°20′N18°12′E / 54.333°N 18.200°E /54.333; 18.200 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Pomeranian |
| County | Kartuzy |
| Gmina | Kartuzy |
| Established | 1381 |
| Town rights | 1923 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mieczysław Gołuński |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.23 km2 (2.41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 42 m (138 ft) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 15,263 |
| • Density | 2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 83-300 |
| Area code | +48 58 |
| Car plates | GKA |
| Website | www |
Kartuzy (Polish:[karˈtuzɨ]ⓘ;Kashubian:Kartuzë,Kartëzë orKartuzé;[1] formerGerman:Karthaus) is a town in northernPoland, located in the historic EasternPomerania (Pomerelia) region. It is the capital ofKartuzy County inPomeranian Voivodeship.
Kartuzy is located about 32 kilometres (20 miles) west ofGdańsk and 35 km (22 miles) south-east of the town ofLębork on a plateau at an altitude of approximately 200 metres (656 feet)above sea level in the average. The plateau, which is divided by the Radaune lake, comprises the highest parts of theBaltic Sea Plate. In the west of this lake are the highest points of the headwaters of riversŁeba,Słupia and Bukowina at an altitude of up to 271 metres (889 feet). A hill in the south of the lake is 331 metres (1,086 feet) high.[2]
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Kartuzy was established about 1380 as amonastery forCarthusian monks descending fromPrague in theKingdom of Bohemia, after whom it received its name. The charterhouse was vested with large estates by theState of the Teutonic Order. According to theSecond Peace of Thorn the area returned to theKingdom of Poland in 1466, within which it was administratively part of thePomeranian Voivodeship in the provinces ofRoyal Prussia andGreater Poland.
The Carthusian monks had the nearby woodlands cleared out, and peasants from the neighbouringDuchy of Pomerania were encouraged to settle and farm in the newly cleared areas. During the course of theProtestant Reformation Kartuzy and its surrounding area were incorporated into the possessions of CistercianOliwa Abbey in 1565. The area was annexed byPrussia in theFirst Partition of Poland in 1772.
The Prussian government finally dissolved the monastery in 1826. Around that time the settlement was fairly insignificant.[clarification needed] It began to play a greater economic role after 1841 when the lands of the monastery were parcelled out.
From 1871 to 1920 it was also part of theGerman Empire and belonged to theKarthaus district inRegierungsbezirk Danzig in the PrussianProvince of West Prussia. In 1894, Kartuzy, then officiallyKarthaus, was connected to the Praust (Pruszcz Gdański)-Lauenburg (Lębork) railway line of thePrussian State Railway. At the turn of the 20th century, the town had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a synagogue. The town was appreciated as a climatic type of health resort. Many pensioners and other retired persons settled down here. According to the census of 1910, Karthuas had a population of 3,699, of which 1,937 (52.4%) wereGermans, 1,696 (45.9%) wereKashubians and 50 (1.4%) werePoles.[3]
When afterWorld War I the regulations of theTreaty of Versailles became effective in 1920, Kartuzy was reintegrated into the re-establishedPolish Republic where it was the seat of the Kartuzy County within thePomeranian Voivodeship and in 1923 it was grantedtown rights.
After theinvasion of Poland, which startedWorld War II, Kartuzy wasoccupied by Germany, where it was administered as part of the newly formed province ofReichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, Regierungsbezirk Danzig. In mid-September 1939 theSS Wachsturmbann "Eimann" andEinsatzkommando 16 entered the town to carry out mass arrests and massacres of localPoles as part of theIntelligenzaktion Pommern.[4] Around 4,000 Poles from Kartuzy and the county were arrested in September 1939.[5] That same month, many local pre-war Polish activists, as well as railway, post and court employees, were murdered in massacres in the forests inGmina Somonino and at the Wzgórze Wolności, while 10 Polish priests were murdered in the forest near Kartuzy (see:Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland).[5] Dozens of Poles from Kartuzy, including local officials, teachers, merchants, postmen, restaurateurs, policemen were murdered in October and November 1939 in the nearby forest and inPiaśnica.[6] Poles from the village ofEgiertowo were also murdered in the Kartuzy forest.[7] At the end ofWorld War II Kartuzy was captured by theRed Army and afterwards it was restored to Poland.
Kartuzy has long been a cultural center of theKashubians. Since 1947 a Kashubian Museum has featured numerous exhibits connected toKashubia and its inhabitants. The town has also set up abust to honor Dr.Aleksander Majkowski, author ofThe Life and Adventures of Remus, who practiced medicine in Kartuzy for a time and is buried here. In 2010, theKashubian Unity Day was held here. On March 28, 2010, after theHoly Mass in the fourteenth-century collegiate church, Kashubes in colorful regional costumes with black-and-yellow flags passed through the streets to the Team of Schools No. 2 for Wybicki's Estate where the main celebrations were held.
The town was administratively part of theGdańsk Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998.
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A coat of arms for Kartuzy was designed by Dr.Aleksander Majkowski and accepted by the city council on January 31, 1923. The coat of arms depicts a blackKashubianGriffin and seven silver stars on a blue background.
| Year | Number | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1831 | more than 400 | |
| 1869 | 1,765 | |
| 1875 | 1,975 | |
| 1880 | 2,179 | |
| 1885 | 2,300 | |
| 1890 | 2,351 | |
| 1895 | 2,377 | |
| 1900 | 2,642 | |
| 1921 | 3,800 | |
| 1943 | 6,024 | |
| 1960 | 7,900 | |
| 1970 | 10,600 | |
| 1975 | 11,600 | |
| 1980 | 12,000 | |
| 1998 | 16,100 | |
| 2004 | 15,472 | |
| 2009 | 14,951 |
The local football club isCartusia Kartuzy, founded in 1923. It competes in the lower leagues.
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Kartuzy istwinned with:
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