 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Karnal" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Karnal | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise from top right;K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower. | |
  Karnal Karnal (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:29°41′10″N76°59′20″E / 29.686°N 76.989°E /29.686; 76.989 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Karnal |
| Region | North India |
| Founded by | RajaKarna |
| Named after | Karna |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Karnal Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Renu Bala Gupta (BJP) |
| • Lok Sabha MP | Manohar Lal Khattar (BJP) |
| • MLA | Jagmohan Anand (BJP) |
| • Municipal Commissioner | Vaishali Sharma (IAS)[2] |
| Area | |
• Total | 87 km2 (34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 252 m (827 ft) |
| Population (2016) | |
• Total | 286,974 [1] |
| Languages[4][5] | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Regional | Haryanvi[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 132001 |
| Area code | 0184 |
| Vehicle registration | HR-05 |
| literacy rate | 84.60%[7] |
| Sex ratio | 996/1000Female/Male |
| Website | karnal |
Karnal (pronunciationⓘ) is a city located in the state ofHaryana, India and is the administrative headquarters ofKarnal District. The city is well connected as it lies on National Highway 01, in the south of the city lies the cities of Panipat and Sonipat and in the north lies Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar city while in the east lies the river Yamuna, on the other end of which lies Saharanpur and Shamli district of Uttar Pradesh on the eastern bank. Karnal was used by theEast India Company army as a refuge during theIndian Rebellion of 1857 inDelhi. TheBattle of Karnal betweenNader Shah of Persia and theMughal Empire took place in this city in 1739.[8]
The city associates itself with the characterKarna from the Indian epicMahabharata.[9]
| This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Karnal" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(October 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of theVardhanas ofThanesar.[10] The 7th century was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was underKanauji rule under thePala Emperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority ofMihira Bhoja, thePratihara ruler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.[11]
TheTomaras, established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.[11] About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers,Anangpal Tomar, found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with theChauhans of Ajmer, but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha manaVighnaraja IV.[12] The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests ofMahmud of Ghazi. The region then came underGhurid rule after theSecond Battle of Tarain whenMuhammad Ghori captured the area. It remained under theDelhi Sultanate until 1526.[citation needed]
In 1526 at theFirst Battle of Panipat, Mughal emperorBabur defeated the Sultan ofDelhi,Ibrahim Lodi, and captured parts of North India, along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established theMughal Empire in North India.[citation needed]
Karnal is listed in the MughalAin-i-Akbari as apargana under Delhisarkar, producing a revenue of 5,678,242dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.[13]
_Diamond_from_the_collection_of_the_national_jewels_of_Iran_at_Central_Bank_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran.jpg)
In A.D. 1739,Nader Shah of Persiainvaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famedBattle of Karnal, in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor,Muhammad Shah.[14] Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission.[14] The tactical defeat drastically weakened theMughal Empire, while thePersian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of theBritish Empire in India. The region then came underAfghan rule. On 24 February 1739, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah attacked India. Rao Bal Kishan, with his army and with the forces of Delhi, fought Nadir Shah. His army included 5000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. In February 1739, Nader Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards the field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers. Every year on 24 February, Rao Bal Kishan Shaurya Diwas celebrated in Rewari.[15][16]
Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh ofJind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.[17] On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killedZain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.[citation needed]
During theIndian independence movement, a district political conference was organized at Karnal withLala Lajpat Rai as its chairman.
| Karnal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Climate data for Karnal (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) | 33.2 (91.8) | 37.5 (99.5) | 45.2 (113.4) | 46.0 (114.8) | 46.0 (114.8) | 43.9 (111.0) | 42.0 (107.6) | 38.3 (100.9) | 39.3 (102.7) | 34.4 (93.9) | 28.8 (83.8) | 46.0 (114.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 35.5 (95.9) | 38.6 (101.5) | 37.6 (99.7) | 33.8 (92.8) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.3 (90.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 27.3 (81.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 30.0 (86.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 30.9 (87.6) | 31.5 (88.7) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.0 (84.2) | 27.8 (82.0) | 24.6 (76.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 14.5 (58.1) | 23.6 (74.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) | 8.9 (48.0) | 12.9 (55.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 7.4 (45.3) | 17.2 (63.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) | 0.1 (32.2) | 3.5 (38.3) | 9.0 (48.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 18.4 (65.1) | 16.0 (60.8) | 9.4 (48.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | −0.4 (31.3) | −0.4 (31.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 32.5 (1.28) | 28.9 (1.14) | 21.1 (0.83) | 13.3 (0.52) | 27.6 (1.09) | 98.4 (3.87) | 172.8 (6.80) | 160.2 (6.31) | 128.4 (5.06) | 4.3 (0.17) | 2.0 (0.08) | 6.0 (0.24) | 695.4 (27.38) |
| Average rainy days | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 5.1 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 35.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 70 | 63 | 52 | 29 | 29 | 45 | 70 | 76 | 71 | 55 | 53 | 63 | 56 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[19][20][21] | |||||||||||||
The population of the city as of 2011, is 302,140.[22]
| Religion | Population (1911)[23]: 20 | Percentage (1911) | Population (1941)[24]: 30 | Percentage (1941) | Population (2011)[25]: 30 | Percentage (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hinduism [a] | 12,772 | 58.16% | 20,462 | 54.65% | 274,498 | 90.85% |
Islam | 8,667 | 39.47% | 15,844 | 42.31% | 3,938 | 1.3% |
Sikhism | 130 | 0.59% | 647 | 1.73% | 21,033 | 6.96% |
Christianity | 210 | 0.96% | 125 | 0.33% | 776 | 0.26% |
| Others[b] | 182 | 0.83% | 366 | 0.98% | 1,895 | 0.63% |
| Total Population | 21,961 | 100% | 37,444 | 100% | 302,140 | 100% |
The sex ratio in Karnal stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 862.[22]
Karnal Municipal Corporation is themunicipal corporation governing Indian city of Karnal. The mayor of the city currently is Renu Bala Gupta and the municipal commissioner is Naresh Narwal, IAS.
The city is part of theKarnal Assembly constituency andjagmohan anand ofBJP is the currentMLA from Karnal constituency.[26]
Manohar Lal Khattar ofBJP is the current electedMP from theKarnal Lok Sabha constituency.
Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey namedSwachh Survekshan 2019.[27]
Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as asmart city under the Union government's planSmart Cities Mission.[28]
National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) has been complementing country’s massive dairy development programmes through its multifaceted activities in the areas of Dairy Research. NDRI is fully supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and functions as one of the National Institutes under its aegis. The institute also interacts with various National and International Institutes in Dairying and allied fields for exchange of information and advancing new knowledge both in basic and applied fields of dairy science.The contributions of the Institute in conducting, collating and co-ordinating research in Dairying have received worldwide recognition. The Institute was conferred Deemed University status by the University Grants commission in March, 1989.For transfer of technology and dissemination of know-how developed at the Institute, the Operational Research Project, a programme of integrated crop and milk production improvement, links the Institute with farming community of 40 villages around Karnal.[33]
National Bureau of Animal genetic Resources and National Institute of animal Genetics were set up on 21 September 1984. These Institutes were initially located in the Campus of Southern Regional Station of NDRI, Bangalore. Since 19 July 1985 the Bureau and Animal Genetics Institute are in Karnal.
The broad aims of the Institutes are to conduct systematic surveys on animal and poultry genetic resources; to develop methodologies for the conservation of animal genetic resources in-situ through cryo-preservation and by developing transgenic forces; to establish data respository; to design methodologies for proper management and optimal utilisation of animal genetic resources; etc.
Wheat Project Directorate (WPO) was made independent of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi w.e.f. Ist September, 1990 and redesignated as Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR) with headquarters at Karnal.
It was established in March 1969, under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
{{cite book}}:|first2= has generic name (help)
