Karluk Yabghu State
742–840
[800] SIND UYGHUR KHAGANATE GURJARA- PRATIHARAS RASHTRA- KUTAS PALA EMPIRE CHAM- PA NAN- ZHAO TURK SHAHIS TANG DYNASTY SILLA Khitans Jurchens Tungus KARLUK YABGHU Tatars CHENLA DVARA- VATI SRIVIJAYA Kyrgyzs Paleo-Siberians Samoyeds Kimeks Tanguts Shatuos ABBASID CALIPHATE KHAZAR KHAGANATE BYZANTINE EMPIRE OGHUZ YABGUS TIBETAN EMPIRE class=notpageimage| Location of the Karluk Yabghu, with contemporary polities circa 800 CE
Capital	Suyab laterBalasagun
Common languages	Karluk Turkic
Religion	Tengriism, Nestorian Christianity[1]
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	742
• Disestablished	840
Preceded by Succeeded by Türgesh Kara-Khanid Khanate
Today part of	China Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan

TheKarluk Yabghu (simplified Chinese:葛逻禄叶护国;traditional Chinese:葛邏祿葉護國;pinyin:Géluólù Yèhùguó) was a polity ruled byKarluk tribes.

The first information about the tribes of Karluks that occupied the territory between Altai and the Eastern coast of Lake Balkhash dates back to the 5th century.^[5] TheKarluks were part of theFirst Turkic andUyghur khaganates. Karluk leaders held the titleKül-Erkin as vassals of Göktürks, a rank of medium importance in theFirst Turkic Khaganate.

They were composed of three tribes, therefore their ruler was mostly calledÜç Karluk Bey (Chinese:三姓葉護, Sanxing Yabghu;lit. 'Yabghu of Three Tribes') in the 8th century (AlthoughBey andYabghu are different.).^[6] At least one Kül Erkin held the title Yabghu while still acknowledging suzerainity of GokturkKhagan.

In 742, they were named "Saɣ Yabghu ( 𐰖𐰀𐰉𐰏𐰎𐰆 𐰽𐰀𐰍, tr. Right Yabghu) " byBasmyl khaganAshina Shi. Like Basmyls, they were ruled by a branch of theAshina tribe.^[7] However, the reign of Basmyl was cut short when they were defeated by a Karluk-Uyghur coalition. Uyghur Khagan gave the Saɣ Yabghu a new and higher title: 'Sol Yabghu (𐰽𐰗𐰞 𐰖𐰀𐰉𐰏𐰎𐰆, tr. Left Yabghu)'.^[8]

At the same time a group of Karluks elected Bilge Yabghu Tun Apa Yigen Chor (Old Turkic:𐰉𐰄𐰞𐰏𐰅 𐰖𐰀𐰉𐰏𐰎𐰆 𐱃𐰆𐰣 𐰀𐰯𐰀 𐰖𐰄𐰏𐰅𐰣 𐰕𐰎𐰗𐰺;Bilgä Yabɣu Toŋa Apa Yigen Čor,Chinese:毗伽葉護頓阿波移健啜;pinyin:Píjiā Yèhù Dùn ābō Yíjiàn Chuài) who submitted to the Uyghur Khaganate in 746.^[9] He may be same person as Yigen Chor (𐰘𐰃𐰏𐰤𐰲𐰆𐰺) mentioned in Kul-Chor stele.^[10]

He was succeeded by Tun Bilge Yabghu (Chinese:頓毗伽葉護;pinyin:Dùn Píjiā Yèhù) in 753.^[9] A ruler of Karluks were mentioned in Turco-Manichean book "Sacred Book of Two Fundamentals" (Iki Jïltïz Nom), fragments of which were found in 1907 atKara-Khoja in theTurpan oasis byAlbert von Le Coq. The book was dedicated to the ruler of theChigil tribes, named Alp Burguchan, Alp Tarhan, Alp İl Tirgüg.^[11] He probably was the one who conqueredTurgesh state and resettled Karluks inZhetysu basin, makingSuyab their capital.^[12]

Another ruler was Köbäk,^[13] whose coins were found in modern Kyrgyzstan. He used the title 'Khagan' in his coins.^[12]

When theYenisei Kyrgyz destroyed theUyghur Khaganate in 840, Karluk yabghu declared himself khagan with titleBilge Kul Qadir Khan, forming theKara-Khanid Khanate.^[14]

1. Bilga İshbara Tamgan Tarkan? (𐰉𐰄𐰞𐰏𐰀 𐰄𐰽𐰎𐰉𐰀𐰺𐰀 𐱃𐰀𐰢𐰏𐰀𐰣 𐱃𐰀𐰺𐰚𐰀𐰣) – Nephew ofIlterish Qaghan.
2. Ishbara Tamgan Chor? (𐰃𐰽𐰎𐰉𐰀𐰺𐰀 𐱃𐰀𐰢𐰏𐰀𐰣 𐰕𐰎𐰗𐰺) – Brother of Bilga İshbara Tamgan Tarkan.
3. Bilge Yabghu Tun Apa Yigen Chor (𐰉𐰄𐰞𐰏𐰅 𐰖𐰀𐰉𐰏𐰎 𐰆 𐱃𐰆𐰣 𐰀𐰯𐰀 𐰖𐰄𐰏𐰅𐰣 𐰕𐰎𐰗𐰺) (? - 753 ) – Relative ofÖzmiş Khagan, submitted to Uyghur Khagan following the destruction of theSecond Turkic Khaganate.
4. Tun Bilge Yabghu (𐱃𐰆𐰣 𐰉𐰄𐰞𐰏𐰅 𐰖𐰀𐰉𐰏𐰎𐰆) (753 –? ) – Son of Bilge Yabghu.
5. Yigen Chor? (𐰘𐰃𐰏𐰤𐰲𐰆𐰺) – Might be the same person as Tun Bilge.
6. Unknown Yabghu – Karluk Yabghu were mentioned in the Turkic religious book 'Iki Jïltïz Nom'. His identity remains unknown.
7. Inal Tegin (𐰄𐰣𐰀𐰞 𐱃𐰅𐰏𐰄𐰣 𐰚𐰎𐰀𐰏𐰀𐰣) (8th century) – Known from coins.
8. Köbäk – Known as 'βγy xr’lwγ x’γ’n pny' in Sogdian, meaning 'Karluk Kaghan Köbak.' Belonged to the Arslanids of Ashina.
9. Arslan Kul Erkin – Belonged to the 'Arslanid' branch of Ashina dynasty, hence the name. Their relation to Arslanid dynasty of Chigils is unknown. Known from coins.
10. Bilge Kul Qadır Khan (Karakhanid language: کُلْ بِلْكا قَادِرْ خَانْ) (? – 893) – Following the destruction ofUyghur Khaganate, he declared himselfKhagan and founded theKara-Khanid Khanate.

TheAnikova dish is aNestorian Christian plate with decoration of a besiegedJericho, by Sogdian artists underKarluk dominion, inSemirechye.^[2] It is dated to the 8th century, of which a ast silver of the 9th-10th century is known, copied from an original.^[15][16]

• 
  Anikova dish horseman,Semirechye,c. 800 CE design.[17]
• 
  Anikova dish, two horsemen, Semirechye,c. 800 CE design.[17]
• 
  Anikova dish, two horsemen with banner, Semirechye,c. 800 CE design.[17]

History of the Turkic peoplespre–14th century
Turkic peoples Onogurs Oghuz Turks Saragurs Utigurs Bulgars Sabir Kutrigurs Karluks Kimek Kipchaks Cherniye Klobuki Uyghurs Tatars Kumyks Yakuts Dolgans Krymchaks Crimean Karaites
Turkic languages Turkish Azerbaijani Uzbek Kazakh Uyghur Turkmen Tatar Kyrgyz Bashkir Chuvash Qasgqai Karakalpak Sakha Kumyk Karachay-Balkar Tuvan Gagauz Karaim Krymchak
Turkic mythology Belief system:Tengrism andShamanism Chief gods and goddesses:Kayra andÜlgen Epics and heroes:Ergenekon andAsena Major concepts:Sheka andGrey wolf
Pre-14th century Yenisei Kyrgyz People202 BCE–13th CE Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate Dingling71 BC–?? AD Tiele (Gaoche) Göktürks First Turkic Khaganate552–581 Western Turkic Khaganate581–657 (Tokhara Yabghus,Turk Shahis) Eastern Turkic Khaganate581–650 Second Turkic Khaganate682–744 Sabiri People Khazar Khaganate618–1048 Xueyantuo628–646 Kangar Union659–750 Turk Shahi665-850 Türgesh Khaganate699–766 Kimek–Kipchak Confederation743–1035 Uyghur Khaganate744–840 Oghuz Yabgu State750–1055 Karluk Yabgu State756–940 Kara-Khanid Khanate840–1212 Western Kara-Khanid Eastern Kara-Khanid Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom848–1036 Qocho856–1335 Pecheneg Khanates860–1091 Ghaznavid Empire963–1186 Seljuk Empire1037–1194 Sultanate of Rum Cuman–Kipchak Confederation1067–1239 Khwarazmian Empire1077–1231 Kerait Khanate11th century–13th century Atabegs of Azerbaijan1136–1225 Delhi Sultanate1206–1526 Mamluk dynasty Khalji dynasty Tughlaq dynasty Qarlughid Kingdom1224–1266 Golden Horde1242–1502 Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)1250–1517 Bahri dynasty Ottoman State1299–1922
v t e

• Oghuz Yabgu State
• Turkic peoples
• Timeline of Turks (500-1300)

• History of civilisations of Central Asia. South Asia Books. March 1999. p. 569.ISBN 978-8120815407.
• The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia (Vol 1). Cambridge University Press. p. 532.ISBN 978-0521243049.

• Former countries in Chinese history
• History of the Kyrgyz people
• Nomadic groups in Eurasia
• 756 establishments

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