Karl Philipp Sebottendorf van der Rose (17 July 1740 – 11 April 1818) enrolled in theAustrian army at the age of 18, became ageneral officer during theFrench Revolutionary Wars, and commanded a division againstNapoleon Bonaparte in several notable battles during theItalian campaign of 1796.
Sebottendorf was born inLuxembourg in theAustrian Netherlands on 17 July 1740[1] of parentsOberst (Colonel) Johann Moritz Sebottendorf van der Rose (d. 1760) and Maria Anna Bodek von Ellgau (d. 1791). After military studies at the Wiener-Neustadt Academy, he joined the AustrianWaldeck Infantry Regiment # 35 in 1758. By the time of theWar of the Bavarian Succession he had risen in rank toCaptain. In 1779 an inquiry acquitted him after he was accused of cowardice. He earned promotion toMajor in 1784,Oberst-Leutnant in March 1787, and Oberst in October 1787.[2]
In early 1793, Sebottendorf became aGeneral-Major and led a brigade inLuxembourg. On 2 September 1794, he distinguished himself in a minor action near Öttringen.[2]
On 4 March 1796, Sebottendorf received promotion toFeldmarschall-Leutnant in the Austrian army defending theKingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont.Johann Peter Beaulieu appointed him commander of the left wing, including the brigades of Wilhelm Kerpen,Anton Schübirz von Chobinin, Franz Nicoletti, andGerhard Rosselmini.[3] In early April, Beaulieu initiated theMontenotte Campaign by sending two columns to attack Voltri, now a suburb ofGenoa. Sebottendorf led one column of 3,200 troops south across the Turchino Pass, whilePhilipp Pittoni von Dannenfeld took 4,000 soldiers over the Bochetta Pass farther east.[4] The campaign ended withNapoleon Bonaparte'sFrench Army of Italy forcing Piedmont to sue for peace. The Austrian army fell back to defend theDuchy of Milan.
In early May, Bonaparte turned Beaulieu's southern flank and won theBattle of Fombio. This forced a major part of the Austrian army to retreat east across theAdda River atLodi. Beaulieu left Sebottendorf and 10,000 men in the vicinity of Lodi to cover his withdrawal.[5] After the French advance guard underClaude Dallemagne drove the Austrian rear guard through Lodi, Sebottendorf prepared to defend the bridge that spanned the Adda on the east side of the town. The French artillery bombarded the Austrian position for several hours, as Bonaparte waited forAndré Masséna's division to arrive. In the ensuingBattle of Lodi on 10 May, the French defeated the outnumbered Austrians. Sebottendorf managed to carry out an orderly withdrawal, though his force lost 14 cannons and 2,036 soldiers killed, wounded, or missing.[6]
During theBattle of Borghetto on 30 May, Sebottendorf commanded the Austrian left-center. Beaulieu's illness on the previous day threw theAustrian high command into disarray. With no overall coordination, each subordinate looked to his own sector. Sebottendorf focused upon a feint attack while the main French effort seizedValeggio sul Mincio. Later in the day, he tried to retake Valeggio but was unable to evict the French. His division remained intact and rejoined the rest of the army in the upperAdige River valley.
DuringDagobert von Wurmser's first relief of theSiege of Mantua, Sebottendorf led a sub-unit ofMichael von Melas' Right-Center Column consisting of the brigades of Nicoletti and Pittoni. On 29 July, Sebottendorf captured French positions at Madonna della Corona andBrentino Belluno. This success allowed him to link up withPaul Davidovich and the Left-Center Column from the Adige valley. On 5 August, he fought in theBattle of Castiglione.
In the second relief of Mantua, Sebottendorf led a 4,086-man division down theBrenta River valley. He participated in theBattle of Bassano, after which his division "was reduced to only one and a third battalions, four and a half companies, and two squadrons."[7] He subsequently joined Wurmser in a dash for Mantua. The bulk of the Austrians reached the fortress intact, but Sebottendorf and his soldiers were cooped up in Mantua for the duration of the long siege, during which many of the men died.
Sebottendorf served as assistant to the commanding generals in Inner Austria and theTyrol during the period 1801 to 1806. He was deputy to the President of the Military Appellate Court from 1813 to 1818. He died inVienna on 11 April 1818 with the noble title ofFreiherr.
Two younger Sebottendorf brothers, Franz Ludwig (1741–1822)[8] and Ignaz Anton (1749–1821)[9] also served in the Austrian army and achieved general officer rank. Franz commanded a brigade at theBattle of Stockach in 1799. At the beginning of the 1809 campaign, Ignaz led theGrazLandwehr infantry.[10] Ignaz also commanded a brigade at theBattle of the Piave on 7–8 May 1809[11] and at theBattle of Raab on 14 June.[12]
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