Karl Hermann Bitter | |
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Karl Hermann Bitter (27 February 1813 – 12 September 1885) was aPrussian statesman and writer on music.
He was born atSchwedt,Province of Brandenburg, and studied law and cameralistics atBerlin andBonn. He served as theplenipotentiary of Prussia on theDanube Commission from 1856 to 1860, was prefect of the Department ofVosges during theFranco-Prussian War.
He later became minister of finance (1879), an office in which he displayed exceptional ability. He increased the indirect duties derived from the so-called tobacco monopoly and the tax on spirits and malt, and introduced the “Börsensteuer” (tax on thebourse). He concluded the commercial treaty with the city ofHamburg by which that city entered theGerman Customs Union. On 25 May 1881 this agreement was signed between Bitter and the State Secretary of the imperial Treasury, on the one hand, Hamburg's Plenipotentiary SenatorsVersmann andO'Swald, and the envoy of the Hanseatic states in Berlin Dr.Friedrich Krüger, on the other. It stated that Hamburg was ready toaccede to the Customs Union with all its territory, but excluding a permanent free port district which it specified. For this district, Article 34 of the imperial constitution would still apply, thus the freedoms of that district could not be abolished or restricted without Hamburg's approval.[1][2]
He reestablished the stability of the Prussian finances, and took a prominent part in bringing the railroads of Germany under government control. He resigned in 1882, in consequence of differences withBismarck.
His literary activity was confined almost exclusively to works on music. HisGesammelte Schriften (Collected Writings) appeared in 1884.
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