K. S. Krishnan | |
|---|---|
 K. S. Krishnan 1952 in London | |
| Born | (1898-12-04)4 December 1898 |
| Died | 14 June 1961(1961-06-14) (aged 62) |
| Alma mater | The American College in Madurai Madras Christian College University of Madras Calcutta University |
| Known for | Raman effect Crystal Magnetism Magneto Chemistry Technique for measuringMagnetic anisotropy of magnetic crystals |
| Awards | |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Madras Christian College Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Dacca University Allahabad University National Physical Laboratory of India |
| Academic advisors | CV Raman |
| Notable students | Calamur Mahadevan |
Sir Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan (4 December 1898 – 14 June 1961) was an Indianphysicist. He was a co-discoverer ofRaman scattering,[2] for which his mentorC. V. Raman was awarded the 1930Nobel Prize in Physics.
Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan generally referred to as K. S. Krishnan or KSK, was born in aVaishnavitebrahmin family[3] on 4 December 1898 inWatrap,Tamil Nadu. His father was a farmer-scholar deeply versed inTamil literature. He had his early education in Hindu Higher Secondary school, in Watrap, after which he attendedthe American College in Madurai and theMadras Christian College. After gaining his degree in Physics he became a demonstrator in chemistry.[1]
In 1920, Krishnan went to work withC.V. Raman at theIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science,Kolkata (then Calcutta). There he engaged himself in experimental study of the scattering of light in a large number of liquids and its theoretical interpretations. He played a significant role in the discovery of the Raman scattering.
In 1928 he moved to theDacca University (now in Bangladesh) as the Reader in the physics department where he studied magnetic properties of crystals in relation to their structure. Krishnan, along with other rising scientists such as Santilal Banerjee and B.C. Guha developed an elegant and precise experimental technique to measure the magnetic anisotropy of diamagnetic and paramagnetic crystals. Their findings were published by the Royal Society of London in 1933 under the title,Investigations on Magne-Crystallic Action.[4][5]
In 1933 he returned to Kolkata to take up the post ofMahendralal Sircar Professor of Physics in theIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science where he continued to collaborate fruitfully with Banerjee to elaborate on the magnetic properties of crystals in relation to their structure. Their joint papers and communications (published inNature, Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity, and by the Royal Society), remain to this day, aside from a number of other pathbreaking contributions they also published in various Physics journals, the most definitive scientific studies on the structure and tendencies of small crystals. Their experiments in Dacca and continued collaborative research in Kolkata led to what is now known as theKrishnan Banerjee method for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of small crystals.[6][7]
Krishnan was elected asFellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1940.[8] His Royal Society candidature certificate in 1935 read:"Distinguished for his investigations in molecular optics and in magne-crystalline action:collaborated with Sir C.V. Raman in extensive theoretical and experimental studies on light scattering, molecular optics and in the discovery of the Raman Effect (1928). More recently has been publishing many valuable investigations (Phil Trans Royal Society and elsewhere) on the significance of magnetic anisotropy in relation to crystal architecture and thermo-magnetic behaviour at the lowest temperatures. Has published important work on pleochroism in crystals and its relation to photo-dissociation. Leader of an active school of research in Calcutta."[9]
In 1942, he moved toAllahabad University as Professor and Head of the Department of Physics where he took up the physics of solids, in particular of metals.
He was knighted in the 1946 Birthday Honours List[10] and awarded thePadma Bhushan by theGovernment of India in 1954.[11] He was the first recipient of the prestigiousBhatnagar Award in 1958.
On 4 January 1947 K. S. Krishnan was appointed first director ofNational Physical LaboratoryIndia. This was one of the earliest national laboratories set up under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.[12]
The scientific papers of K. S. Krishnan have been published in 1988 by the National Physical Laboratory (located on Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012). The book of 950 pages has been made available in the Public Library of India collection of the Internet archive athttps://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.502306
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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