Modern-day Kano State was the site of a number of prior kingdoms and empires, including theKingdom of Kano, which was centred onDalla Hill (Hausa:Dutsen Dala) and existed from to 1000 to 1349CE.[7] In 1349, theSultanate of Kano was established withYaji I as its first Sultan.[8] In the 15th century,Kurmi Market was opened, which helped the city of Kano become a centre ofcommercial activity inHausaland.[9] The market remains open today and its historic importance is reflected in the state's nickname, theCentre of Commerce.[10]
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultanate of Kano established itself as the most powerful of theHausa Kingdoms.[11] In 1903, the British Empireconquered theKano Emirate, incorporating it into theNorthern Nigeria Protectorate.[12] The major ethnic groups in pre-colonial Kano were theHausa,Fulani, Barebari (Kanuri),Tuareg,Arab,Nupe as well as certain tribes from southern Nigeria. Most people in Kano have come to useHausa as a first language while some identify as ethnically Hausa.[13]
An important early centre ofcommerce in the region wasKurmi Market, founded by the Hausa people underEmir of KanoMuhammadu Rumfa in 1463 CE.[15] Subsequent leaders made contributions to the emergence of Kano as a leading commercial centre in Sudanic Africa.[27] During the time of theKano Emirate, EmirIbrahim Dabo made a number of administrative reforms, seeking to increase commerce in the region.[28]
Leaders during this time encouraged traders to move fromKatsina, capitalising on raids from the HausaSultanate ofMaradi.[29] The leaders of the Caliphate encouraged theKola nut trade, and Kano was the greatest beneficiary with an annual turnover of about $30 million.[citation needed]Craft industries also evolved in the pre-colonial period contributing to the prosperity of the province.[citation needed]
The climate of Kano state is characterised by a variability in rainfall between the 1970s and 1980s, withdrought and near-drought conditions. Between the 1990s and the year 2015, the moisture conditions improved considerably but for fluctuations in rainfall in the state.[31][clarification needed] However, since 2015 there has been a considerable increase in rainfall.[32] Based on a report of theNigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the amount of rainfall varies between years with a mean value of 897.7 mm (35.34 in).[33]
In the first quarter of 2022, NIMET sounded an early warning for floods in some states, including Kano. The agency asserted that their warning was based on the amount and distribution of rainfall that had been observed in the nation during the rainy season. According to the Kano State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), 25 local government districts experienced flooding as a result of the extreme rain's aftermath.[34]
The temperature of Kano has been on the rise since the 1960s and this is highly remarkable.[35][why?] The annual temperature of the state is between 26 °C to 30 °C for the diurnal temperature, which is high, and measurable between the range of 13.1%, with therelative humidity of between 17% and 90% respectively.[36][37]
Many large markets exist within Kano today, such as Kurmi Market, Kantin Kwari Market,[38]Sabon Gari Market, Dawanau Market,[39] Kofar Wanbai Market, Galadima Market, Yankura Market and Bata Market.[15] Many of these markets specialise in certain products, such astextiles orgrain.[15]
Subsistence and commercial agriculture are mostly practised in the outlying districts of the state. Some of the food crops cultivated aremillet,cowpeas,sorghum,maize andrice for local consumption whilegroundnuts andcotton are produced for export and industrial purposes. During the colonial period and several years after the country's independence, the groundnuts produced in the state constituted one of the major sources of revenue of the country. Kano State is a major producer of hides and skins,sesame,soybeans, cotton,garlic,gum arabic andchili peppers.[40]
A 2018 study ofTudun Wada found that both temperature and rainfall were likely to increase with climate change, causing increased stress on crops, and would require increasedclimate change adaptation for agricultural practices.[41]
A9 (part of the Dakar-NdjamenaTrans-Sahelian Highway or TAH 5) northwest from A2 at Bankaura (14 km north of Kano city) for 71 km via Bichi, Dan Zabuwa and Tsanyawa as IBB Way toKatsina State at Yan Kamaye,
A237 continuing TAH5 east from A2 in Kano for 110 km across theHadejia River at Wudil via Takai and Kachako toJigawa State as the Kano Rd.
the Gaya-Wudil Rd east fromA237 toJigawa at Dundubis as the Gaya-Azare Rd,
south fromA2 at Karfi Ruga as the Kano-Kumbotso-Rano or Rano-Karfin Ruga Rd viaBunkure,Rano,Kibiya, Tarai, Burunburum, Sitti and Masu toBauchi State at Gwanda as the Sabon Gari-Gwanda-Kafin-Birgi Rd,
Kano is on the 1067 mmCape Gauge Western Railway Line fromLagos viaKaduna toJigawa State (rehabilitated 2013), with a new double track standard gauge line under construction.[54]
Kano State is home to five universities: one federal university, one regimented federal university, two state universities, and one private university.
According to the 2006 PON census figures, Kano State had a population totaling 9,401,288.[citation needed] Based on the official data by theNational Bureau of Statistics,[64] Kano is the most populous state in the country followed byLagos State.[65] The state is mostly populated by theHausa andFulani people.[17]
Mubarak Bala, atheist and president of the Humanist Association of Nigeria; is currently imprisoned for comments he made on social media about Islam.[68]
Aminu Ala, Nigerian Hausa-language musician and writer.
The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with the state House of Assembly. The capital city of the state isKano.[78]
The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two-thirds of the state's LGAs. If no candidate passes the threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of LGAs.[78]
^abOkeowo, Gabriel; Fatoba, Iyanuoluwa, eds. (13 October 2022)."State of States 2022 Edition"(PDF).Budgit.org. BudgIT. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 28 March 2024. Retrieved7 March 2023.
^Ujorha, Tadaferua (9 May 2003)."Kano's 500-year-old market".Daily Trust. Biafra Nigeria World. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved1 November 2007.
^"CAPTURE OF KANO".West Gippsland Gazette (Warragul, Vic. : 1898 – 1930). 19 May 1903. p. 6.Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved19 May 2020.
^Buba, L. F. (2010).Spatio-temporal rainfall and temperature variation in northern Nigeria. A Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Geography Department, Bayero University, Kano.
^Badamasi, M.M. (2014).Vegetation and Forestry in Tank, A.I. & Morale, S.B. (Eds.) Kano Government, Society and Development. London & Abuja: Adonis and Abbey Publishers.
^Badamosi, M.M. (2014).Vegetation and Forestry in Tank A.I., Momale, S.B. (eds.) Kano Government, Society and Development. London & Abuja: Adonis and Abbey Publishers.
^Kowal & Knabe, J.M. & D.T. (1972).An agroclimatological atlas of northern states of Nigeria with explanatory notes. Zaria: ABU Press.
^Olofin, E.A. (1987).Some aspects of the physical geographies of the Kano region and related human responses: Departmental lecture notes. Kano, Nigeria: Denis Standard Printers.
^Garba, J.I. (2018). "Awareness and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Tudun Wada Local Government Area of Kano State".Zaria Geographer.25 (1):63–75.ISSN2782-7739.
^"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved21 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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