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Kanguk Formation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Geological formation in Canada
Kanguk Formation
Stratigraphic range:Cenomanian-Maastrichtian
~99–66 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsEglinton Member
UnderliesExpedition Formation
OverliesHassel Formation
Thicknessup to 365 metres (1,200 ft)[1]
Lithology
PrimaryShale,siltstone
OtherSandstone,tuff
Location
Coordinates79°14′24″N92°21′58″W / 79.24°N 92.36613°W /79.24; -92.36613 (Kanguk Formation)
RegionNorthwest Territories,Nunavut
CountryCanada
Type section
Named forKanguk Peninsula
Named bySouther
Year defined1963
Kanguk Formation is located in Canada
Kanguk Formation
Kanguk Formation (Canada)

TheKanguk Formation is a geologicalformation in theNorthwest Territories andNunavut,Canada whose strata date back to theLate Cretaceous.[2] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[3]

It was first described in the Kanguk Peninsula of theAxel Heiberg Island, along the shore of the Stand Fiord by Souther in 1963.[4] The formation occurs throughout the Sverdrup Basin and the southernQueen Elizabeth Islands.

Lithology

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The Kanguk Formation is composed of darkshale andsiltstone with interbeds ofsandstone,bentonite andtuff.[1] Thicker sandstone andconglomerate beds occur in the western reaches inEglinton Island.

Fossil content

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The Kanguk Formation preserves an extensive record of shelf assemblages rich in benthicforaminifera that reveal numerous pulses of localhypoxia.[5]Fish fossils have been unearthed here.[6]

Dinosaurs of the Kanguk Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceDescriptionImages
CanadagaC. arcticaA Hesperomithes
Hesperornis[3]Indeterminate[3]
Hadrosauridae[7][8][9]Indeterminate
Lambeosaurinae[10][11]Indeterminate
Tyrannosauroidea[10]Indeterminate
Ornithomimidae[12]Indeterminate
Plesiosauroidea[13]Indeterminate
Aurorachelys[14][15]A. gaffneyi
Champsosaurus[16][17]Champsosaurus sp.

See also

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References

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  1. ^abLexicon of Canadian Geological Units (17 Dec 2009)."Kanguk Formation". Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved12 August 2025.
  2. ^Davies, Marissa A.; Schröder-Adams, Claudia J.; Herrle, Jens O.; Hülse, Peter; Schneider, Simon; Quesnel, Alex; Harwood, David M. (2018-03-28)."Integrated biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy for the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation of the High Arctic Sverdrup Basin, Canada".GSA Bulletin.130 (9–10):1540–1561.doi:10.1130/B31858.1.ISSN 0016-7606.
  3. ^abcWeishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, North America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 574-588.ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  4. ^Geological Survey of Canada Map 36-1959
  5. ^Schröder-Adams, Claudia J.; Herrle, Jens O.; Embry, Ashton F.; Haggart, James W.; Galloway, Jennifer M.; Pugh, Adam T.; Harwood, David M. (1 November 2014)."Aptian to Santonian foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental change in the Sverdrup Basin as revealed at Glacier Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.413:81–100.Bibcode:2014PPP...413...81S.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.010. Retrieved6 November 2022.
  6. ^Friedman, Matt; Tarduno, John A.; Brinkman, Donald B. (2003-12-01)."Fossil fishes from the high Canadian Arctic: further palaeobiological evidence for extreme climatic warmth during the Late Cretaceous (Turonian–Coniacian)".Cretaceous Research.24 (6):615–632.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2003.07.001.ISSN 0195-6671.
  7. ^Vavrek, Matthew J.; Hills, Len V.; Currie, Philip J. (2014-03-18)."A Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Kanguk Formation of Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada, and Its Ecological and Geographical Implications".Arctic.67 (1): 1–9–1–9.doi:10.14430/arctic4362.ISSN 1923-1245.
  8. ^Gangloff, Roland A. (2012-07-10).Dinosaurs Under the Aurora. Indiana University Press. pp. 16–18.ISBN 978-0-253-00080-4.
  9. ^"Northernmost Dinosaur Find Was A Tough Canadian".HuffPost. 2014-04-04. Retrieved2025-04-04.
  10. ^abBrownstein, Chase D. (2018-02-08)."The biogeography and ecology of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs of Appalachia".Palaeontologia Electronica.21 (1):1–56.doi:10.26879/801.ISSN 1094-8074.
  11. ^Currie, Philip J (2001-12-01)."Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project / Le Projet dinosaurien sino-canadiens".Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences.38 (12):vii–viii.doi:10.1139/e01-083.ISSN 0008-4077.
  12. ^McFeeters, B. (2015)."Evolution and Diversity of Ornithomimid Dinosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous Belly River Group of Alberta"(PDF). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Carleton University. pp. 1–253.
  13. ^Vandermark, Deborah; Tarduno, John A.; Brinkman, Donald B. (2006)."Late Cretaceous Plesiosaur Teeth from Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada".Arctic.59 (1):79–82.ISSN 0004-0843.
  14. ^Vandermark, Deborah; Tarduno, John A.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Cottrell, Rory D.; Mason, Stephanie (2009-02-01)."New Late Cretaceous macrobaenid turtle with Asian affinities from the High Canadian Arctic: Dispersal via ice-free polar routes".Geology.37 (2):183–186.doi:10.1130/G25415A.1.ISSN 0091-7613.
  15. ^Sohn, Emily (2009-03-06)."Tropical turtle fossil found in Arctic".NBC News. Retrieved2025-04-04.
  16. ^Vandermark, Deborah; Tarduno, John A.; Brinkman, Donald B. (2007-05-14)."A fossil champsosaur population from the high Arctic: Implications for Late Cretaceous paleotemperatures".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.248 (1):49–59.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.008.ISSN 0031-0182.
  17. ^Tarduno, J. A.; Brinkman, D. B.; Renne, P. R.; Cottrell, R. D.; Scher, H.; Castillo, P. (1998-12-18)."Evidence for Extreme Climatic Warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic Vertebrates".Science.282 (5397):2241–2243.doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2241.ISSN 0036-8075.

Further reading

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  • A. T. Pugh, C. J. Schröder-Adams, E. S. Carter, J. OHerrle, J. Galloway, J. W. Haggart, J. L. Andrews and K. Hatsukanoc. 2014. Cenomanian to Santonian radiolarian biostratigraphy, carbon isotope stratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Sverdrup Basin, Ellef Ringnes Island, Nunavut, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 413:101-122
  • J. A. Tarduno, D. B. Brinkman, P. R. Renne, R. D. Cottrell, H. Scher and P. Castillo. 1998. Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates. Science 282:2241-2244
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