Kandi | |
|---|---|
Town | |
| Nickname: Rice Store of Murshidabad | |
 | |
  Kandi Location in West Bengal, India Show map of West Bengal Kandi Kandi (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:23°57′N88°02′E / 23.95°N 88.03°E /23.95; 88.03[1] | |
| Country |  India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Murshidabad |
| Established | 1869 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Kandi Municipality |
| • Chairman | Joydev Ghatak —TMC |
| Area | |
• Total | 12.97 km2 (5.01 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
• Total | 55,632 |
| • Density | 4,289/km2 (11,110/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali,English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Postal Code | 742137, 742138, 742139, 742140 |
| Vehicle registration | WB99 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Baharampore |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Kandi |
Kandi is a sub-divisional town and municipality inMurshidabad district inWest Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of theKandi subdivision and is located on the east bank ofKana Mayurakshi River. The town is known for being one of the oldest municipal bodies in India, having acquired municipality status in 1869.[citation needed] The area is also known as the 'rice store' of Murshidabad district, owing to its large production of rice.[citation needed]
The above map covers the Kandi andBerhampore subdivisions, which are spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district:Rarh and Bagri.[4][5] Kandi is 30 km (19 mi) away fromBerhampore, the district headquarters of Murshidabad, and approximately 195 km (121 mi) fromKolkata, the capital of West Bengal. It is near two other districts:Burdwan (32 km)Nadia (30km) andBirbhum (21 km). According to theDistrict Census Handbook, Murshidabad (2011), Kandi covers an area of 12.97 km2.[3]
The ruins ofKarnasubarna, the capital ofShashanka, the first important king of ancientBengal who ruled in the 7th century, is located 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Berhampore.[6][7][8] The entire area is overwhelmingly rural, with over 80% of the population living in the rural areas.[9]
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Kandi is located in theMayurakshi River basin. The area is drained by three main river systems: the Mayurakshi–Bele, the Brahmani–Dwarka, and the Bakreshwar–Kopai–Kuye. All the three systems combine into one and finally flow into theBhagirathi River through the Babla–Uttarasan system. These river systems carry huge discharges during monsoon season, causing wide-spread flooding and drainage congestion in Kandi and adjoining areas, as most of the decades-old embankments are in dilapidated conditions. During floods, the area can be totally cut off from other parts of the district for days, making the transport of relief materials and rapid evacuation challenging. In 2015, the average annual damage caused by these problems is₹97.55crore (equivalent to₹147 crore or US$17 million in 2023).[10]
According to the2011 census of India, Kandi had a total population of 55,632, of which 28,442 (51%) were males and 27,190 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 5,889. The total number of literate persons in Kandi was 40,816 (82.05% of the population over 6 years).[11]
As of the2001 census of India, Kandi had a population of 50,345. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kandi has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 60%. In Kandi, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.[12]
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Economically, the area produces handloom textiles, tobacco, bell metal products.[3] It has branch offices of 7 nationalised banks, 3 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank, 2 agricultural credit societies, and 45 non-agricultural credit societies.[3] Among medical facilities, it has 2 hospitals with 200 beds (the governmental Kandi Subdivision Hospital is in the center of the town), onetuberculosis clinic, one non-government nursing home, and one veterinary hospital.[3]
Some popular tourist spots and festivals of Kandi include:
Kandi Town is the gateway of Murshidabad district, as 10 districts of South Bengal are directly connected to it. Kandi is well connected by road to places like Berhampur, Suri, Bolpur, Tarapith, Rampurhat, Burdwan, Katwa, and Asansol. The SH-11 passes through Kandi.
Public transport systems in Kandi Town include government and private buses,electric rickshaws,taxis, andauto rickshaws.
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There is no railway station in Kandi. The nearest ones are:
Among educational facilities, the Kandi area has 30 primary schools, 1 middle school, 4 secondary schools, 4 senior secondary schools, and 2 general degree colleges. It has 19 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) and one specialised school for the disabled.[3]
Kandi Raj College was established in 1950 by the Kandi Raj family of Kandi. Affiliated to theUniversity of Kalyani, it has the following departments: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science, Bengali, English, Sanskrit, History, Geography, Political science, Philosophy and Economics.[13][14]
Raja Birendra Chandra College was established in 1965 at Kandi. It was earlier known as Kandi Raj College of Commerce. Affiliated to theUniversity of Kalyani, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, geography and BCom.[15]
Bimal Chandra College of Law was established at Kandi in 2002 with the untiring efforts ofAtish Chandra Sinha, a doyen of the Kandi Raj family. It is affiliated with theUniversity of Kalyani and approved by theBar Council of India.[16]
Regional development in education began when Kandi Raj High School was established by converting a theatre owned by the Zamindars of the Kandi Raj family.[when?] This was done on an appeal by Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the eminent educationist and social reformer during the renaissance in Bengal. The Zamindar family, commonly referred to asRajas, have contributed to the spread of education; in particular, they have taken initiative and built momentum forfemale education in and around the Kandi subdivision.
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There are many educational libraries and sporting clubs in neighbouring villages.
The region has a local sweet confectionery calledmonohara.
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Kandi is one of the major cultural centres of Murshidabad. Renowned groups from the town hold theatre festivals throughout the year, mostly during the winter. OnRepublic Day (January 26), major sports events, programs, and parades are held in the town. Kandi is also commonly known for the famous Kali Puja of the Roychowdhury royal family, the erstwhile rulers of Kandi and the surrounding areas.
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