Kanchipuram district | |
|---|---|
 Waters ofChembarambakkam Lake Chennai limit | |
 Kanchipuram district Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Coordinates:12°49′N79°43′E / 12.82°N 79.71°E /12.82; 79.71 | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Tamil Nadu |
| Established | 1 July 1997 |
| Founded by | M. Karunanidhi |
| Headquarters | Kanchipuram |
| Taluks | Kancheepuram,Sriperumbudur,Uthiramerur,Walajabad,Kundrathur |
| Government | |
| • District Collector | Kalaiselvi MohanI.A.S |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,655.94 km2 (639.36 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 1,166,401[1] |
• Estimate (2020) | 2,468,391[2] |
| • Density | 704.374/km2 (1,824.32/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 631 501 |
| Telephone code | 044 |
| ISO 3166 code | ? |
| Vehicle registration | TN-21, TN-87 |
| Nominal GDP(2022-23) | ₹92,456.43 crore (US$11.76 billion)[3] |
| Coastline | 0 kilometres (0 mi) |
| Largest Metro | Kanchipuram |
| Sex ratio | M-50.6%/F-49.4%♂/♀ |
| Literacy | 75.34% |
| Legislature type | elected |
| Legislature Strength | 3 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Kancheepuram (SC), Sriperumbudur |
| Precipitation | 1,213 millimetres (47.8 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) |
| Website | kancheepuram |
Kanchipuram district is one of the 38 districts in the state ofTamil Nadu inIndia. The area comprising the present day Kancheepuram district was earlier a part ofChingleput district. The original Chingleput district was split in 1997 into form the present day Kanchipuram andTiruvallur districts.[4]
On 18 July 2019,Chengalpattu district was carved out of Kanchipuram district, with suburbs from Chengalpet towards Chennai under the district headquarters in Chengalpet. The separation came into effect from 29 November which was done by former Chief Minister Mr.Edappadi K Palaniswami.[5]
Kanchipuram district is situated on the North Eastern part of Tamil Nadu. It is bounded byChengalpattu district in the East,Chennai district in the northeast,Ranipet andTiruvannamalai districts in the west andThiruvallur district in the north. It lies between 11° 00' to 12° 00' latitudes and 77° 28' to 78° 50' longitudes. The district has a total geographical area of 4,43,210 hectares.
The table below shows the maximum and minimum temperatures experienced in the district during different seasons.
| Summer | Winter | |
|---|---|---|
| Max. | 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) | 27.7 °C (81.9 °F) |
| Min. | 29.1 °C (84.4 °F) | 19.0 °C (66.2 °F) |
Northeast and Southwest monsoon are the major donors, with 54% and 36% contribution each to the total annual rainfall. During normal monsoon, the district receives a rainfall of 1200 mm.
ThePalar river is the most important river running through the district. Through most of the year it remains dry, attributed to the construction of dams across the river inAndhra Pradesh. There are only a few hills of considerable elevation in the district. The southern part of Maduranthakam taluk contains small hills. The total forest area in the district is 23,586 hectares.
| Climate data for Chennai (Nungambakkam; rainfall from Chennai Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1901–2012 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.4 (93.9) | 36.7 (98.1) | 40.6 (105.1) | 42.8 (109.0) | 45.0 (113.0) | 43.3 (109.9) | 41.1 (106.0) | 40.0 (104.0) | 38.9 (102.0) | 39.4 (102.9) | 35.4 (95.7) | 33.0 (91.4) | 45.0 (113.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 32.9 (91.2) | 34.5 (94.1) | 37.1 (98.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.3 (95.5) | 34.7 (94.5) | 34.2 (93.6) | 32.1 (89.8) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 33.1 (91.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.7 (80.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 31.0 (87.8) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.3 (90.1) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 28.5 (83.3) | 26.7 (80.1) | 25.6 (78.1) | 29.1 (84.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.2 (75.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 24.8 (76.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 20.6 (69.1) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.5 (68.9) | 20.6 (69.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.9 (57.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 20.0 (0.79) | 4.7 (0.19) | 3.4 (0.13) | 17.5 (0.69) | 49.7 (1.96) | 75.4 (2.97) | 113.1 (4.45) | 141.4 (5.57) | 143.9 (5.67) | 278.3 (10.96) | 377.3 (14.85) | 183.7 (7.23) | 1,408.4 (55.45) |
| Average rainy days | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 10.6 | 11.5 | 5.7 | 60.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 67 | 66 | 67 | 70 | 68 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 71 | 76 | 76 | 71 | 69 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 232.5 | 240.1 | 291.4 | 294.0 | 300.7 | 234.0 | 142.6 | 189.1 | 195.0 | 257.3 | 261.0 | 210.8 | 2,848.5 |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 6.8 | 7.8 |
| Averageultraviolet index | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Source 1:India Meteorological Department[6][7][8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[10] | |||||||||||||
Kancheepuram District consists of two revenue divisions and five taluks:[11]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 708,782 | — |
| 1911 | 759,794 | +0.70% |
| 1921 | 798,408 | +0.50% |
| 1931 | 871,546 | +0.88% |
| 1941 | 956,996 | +0.94% |
| 1951 | 1,030,559 | +0.74% |
| 1961 | 1,167,491 | +1.26% |
| 1971 | 1,499,744 | +2.54% |
| 1981 | 1,898,021 | +2.38% |
| 1991 | 2,415,010 | +2.44% |
| 2001 | 2,877,468 | +1.77% |
| 2011 | 3,998,252 | +3.34% |
| source:[12] | ||
According to2011 census, Kancheepuram district had a population of 3,998,252 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[13] A total of 431,574 were under the age of six, constituting 220,341 males and 211,233 females.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 23.71% and 1.03% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 75.37%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[13] The district had a total of 1,006,245 households. There were a total of 1,673,814 workers, comprising 74,761 cultivators, 162,494 main agricultural labourers, 41,149 in house hold industries, 1,088,974 other workers, 306,436 marginal workers, 14,582 marginal cultivators, 110,020 marginal agricultural labourers, 13,583 marginal workers in household industries and 168,251 other marginal workers.[14]
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kanchipuram | 29 | Sriperumbudur (SC) | K. Selvaperunthagai | Indian National Congress | SPA | |||
| Kanchipuram | 36 | Uthiramerur | K. Sundar | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | SPA | |||
| 37 | Kancheepuram | C. V. M. P. Ezhilarasan | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | SPA | ||||
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people with 47% of the population engaged in it. Paddy is the major crop cultivated in this district. Groundnuts, sugarcane, cereals, millet and pulses are the other major crops cultivated. 76.50 metric tonnes lands[clarification needed] are cultivated in fuel wood and 8.039 tonnes in cashew. Palar river along with tanks and wells are the main sources of irrigation in this district.[citation needed]
More than 70 percent of the 163 notified areas (megalithic sites) in the state of Tamil Nadu are in Kancheepuram district, including those at Erumaiyur, Nandampakkam, Sirukalathur, Sikarayapuram, Ayyancheri, Kilambakkam and Nanmangalam.[17]
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