Kampen | |
|---|---|
City andmunicipality | |
 Kampen city centre with theBovenkerk in the middle of the picture | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
.svg) Location in Overijssel | |
  Kampen Location within the Netherlands Show map of Netherlands Kampen Location within Europe Show map of Europe | |
| Coordinates:52°33′N5°55′E / 52.550°N 5.917°E /52.550; 5.917 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Overijssel |
| City Hall | Kampen City Hall |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipal council |
| • Mayor | Sander de Rouwe (CDA) |
| Area | |
• Total | 161.79 km2 (62.47 sq mi) |
| • Land | 142.18 km2 (54.90 sq mi) |
| • Water | 19.61 km2 (7.57 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1 m (3.3 ft) |
| Population (January 2021)[4] | |
• Total | 54,474 |
| • Density | 383/km2 (990/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Kampenaar |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcode | 8260–8279 |
| Area code | 038 |
| Website | www |
Kampen (Dutch pronunciation:[ˈkɑmpə(n)]ⓘ) is acity andmunicipality in theprovince ofOverijssel,Netherlands. A member of the formerHanseatic League, it is located at the lower reaches of the riverIJssel.
The municipality of Kampen had a population of 54,474 in 2021 and covers an area of 161.79 square kilometres (62.47square miles). Kampen is located in the North West ofOverijssel and is the largest city in this region. The city of Kampen itself has around 37,000 inhabitants.
Kampen has one of the best preserved old town centres of theNetherlands, including remains of the ancient city wall (of which threegates are still standing) and numerouschurches. Also notable are the threebridges over the IJssel which connect Kampen withIJsselmuiden and Kampereiland, the agricultural area between the branches which form the IJssel delta, and awindmill (d' Olde Zwarver –the Old Vagabond). Since November 2018, the town and some communes are on a river island. Between the 14th and 16th century it was one of the biggest towns in the Northern Netherlands (modern day European Netherlands). The town is about 90 kilometer northeast ofAmsterdam.
Traditionally people in Kampen speak a variation of theSallands dialect, known as Kampers.
By 1150, there were already wooden buildings on the site where Kampen is currently located. The name Kampen, however, is not mentioned until 1277. The city has hadcity rights since 1236. As a result of its convenient location on the busy trade route between theZuiderzee and theRhine, Kampen quickly developed from simple settlements into a prosperous trading town, to become one of the most powerful and leading cities of northwestern Europe. In the 14th century, Kampen exchanged with thebishop of Utrecht, Jan van Arkel, theMastenbroek polder against the right to increase the IJsseldelta.
The silting up of theIJssel brought a gradual end to the prosperity of Kampen from 1430 on. For a long time Kampen did not want to sign a union and make economic andpolitical concessions to other cities, as was usual in theHanseatic League. When theCounty of Holland went to war with the Hanseatic League this situation came to an end: the city was forced to choose a side in the war. Kampen was originally more oriented toward the Baltic trade and commerce with the hinterland of the Rhine, and therefore in 1441 formally joined the Hanseatic League. The city had much influence in the League; despite loud protests from the other towns in lower reaches of the IJssel and from other Hanseatic cities, the League agreed in 1448 to build a bridge over the river.[5] This project was accomplished in just five months. With this bridge Kampen hoped to be able to develop closer relationships with the hinterland.
On 11 August 1572 Kampen was conquered from the Spaniards by Willem van den Bergh, a brother ofWilliam of Orange. After the massacre ofZutphen on 15 November, the city voluntarily surrendered to the Spanish. In 1578, the city changed ownership again after theSiege of Kampen, led byGeorge van Lalaing. Due to its right to increase the IJsseldelta, Kampen was owner of the growing Kampereiland. From 1500 the islands were leased. The rents were so large that the city did not need to raise taxes.
In October 1670, Kampen was the first of four Dutch cities to raise capital by issuing aTontine.[6]
TheFranco-Dutch War, fought by theRepublic of the United Netherlands against theKingdom of France,Sweden, theBishopric of Münster, theArchbishopric of Cologne and theKingdom of England, marked a definitive end to the enormous power of the city.
Kampen only became well known again in the 19th century. The city was difficult to reach from the sea, because the surrounding wetlands became silted up and shallow. During the preceding centuries, the watercourse of the river IJssel was dredged several times, but the costs were relatively high and within a few years, the river silted up again. As the IJssel had several delta-like mouths here, the main route of the river shifted several times. In the 19th century, a new strategy was put in place to counter this problem: some watercourses were dammed to allow for more water at a higher speed through one or two main routes. This had the advantage that less sand and silt were deposited and resulted in a river course that "swept itself clean". A key figure in this story is city architectNicolaas Plomp [nl], who, besides his work for the current IJssel front of the city of Kampen, was also involved in hydraulic engineering. Due to the emerging industry in the 19th century and the importance of roads and railways for the economy, highways and paved roads were constructed to replace transportation over sand and mud roads.
Kampen is part of the province ofOverijssel ('Over-IJssel' i.e. (mostly) trans-/across the river IJssel, as seen from the perspective of the bishopric of Utrecht by which it was held until 1528) in the Eastern part of TheNetherlands, situated between the provinces ofGelderland,Flevoland,Drenthe andFriesland.
The city of Kampen is situated at the mouth of the riverIJssel. Opposite Kampen, along the IJssel, liesIJsselmuiden, which is the second largest residential nucleus of the municipality Kampen.
The municipality of Kampen has five other population centers:Grafhorst,'s-Heerenbroek,Kamperveen,Wilsum andZalk.
Kampen has a large number of old to very old buildings, including remains of the ancient city wall (whose city gates are still standing) and the Church of St Nicholas (Bovenkerk). The structure of the walled fortress city is still visible in the streets.
Significant structures include:
Throughout the town of Kampen, there are colorful murals which are in fact old commercials for now-defunct business in Kampen. These murals, which include Art Nouveau influences, were made by local artists and are now referred to as "frescoes of the middle class". As a result of current municipal policy, wherever these murals are discovered under old plaster, they are restored to their former glory.
A number of better or lesser known people with a certain connection with Kampen is honoured with a commemorative stone bearing their name and a single-sentence characterization of their personality or achievements, incorporated into the pavement of theOude Raadhuisplein (formerlyKoeplein), the square in between the old town hall, the former Post Office andNieuwe Toren.
![Protestant Theological University Kampen [Protestantse Theologische Universiteit vestiging Kampen]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a2007-04-23_14.14_Kampen%2c_theologische_universiteit.JPG)
![The new Anabranch called Reevediep [nl]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aOnderdijksewaard7.jpg)
An annual festival during the summer months is theKamper ui(t) day. The name is derived from a series of folk tales in which the inhabitants of Kampen were portrayed as stupid. Another summer event is the Full Color Festival, which is organized annually. Every third Saturday of August, a comics event, called theKamper Stripspektakel, is organized with over 100 booths.
Once every three yearsSail Kampen takes place, a sailing spectacle with (old) sailing ships.
A weekend before ChristmasChristmas in Oud Kampen is organized. There is street theater, where pieces of famous musicals are played, and mid-nineteenth-century characters are walking around the city.
Kampen is the home of football teamGo Ahead Kampen and its rivals Dos Kampen, KHC Kampen, VV Kampen and IJVV.
The foolish wisdom of the residents of the Dutch city of Kampen gave rise to the term "Kamper onion" (Kamper ui, plural: Kamper uien) fortown-of-fools type stories, as well for the "Kampersteur" ("KamperSturgeon") dish, which is made not of sturgeon, but of eggs: to greet a visiting bishop the Kampers caught a large sturgeon, and to keep it fresh they tied acowbell to it and let it back in water. When the bishop arrived, the fish was gone, and a dish made of eggs was served instead.[7] The "onion" in "Kamper onion" comes from the tale, variants of which areknown in various cultures: a tramp convinces a farmer and his wife that he knows how to cook a nutritious stew from onion and salt. But while cooking he adds plenty of other stuff "to improve the taste".
Kampen istwinned with:
|
TheKampen railway station opened in 1865 as terminus of theKamperlijntje branch from Overijssel's capital cityZwolle. It is served by a non-stop diesel service on a single track. The line was renovated in 2017 to beelectrified. In December 2017,Keolis Nederland took over the line, afterNederlandse Spoorwegen lost the line in a tendering process. There is an alternative railway connection with Zwolle via theHanzelijn, which linksZwolle withAmsterdam viaDronten,Lelystad andAlmere. It was inaugurated byQueen Beatrix in December 2012.Kampen Zuid railway station was built a few kilometers south of Kampen near the junction of the national roadsN50 andN764, where a new residential development is planned. Somewhat confusingly, there was a Kampen Zuid railway station in existence before, between 1 October 1913 and 15 May 1934. This was the terminus of the Kampen–Hattem railway line, which connected with the Zwolle–Apeldoorn service via Wapenveld and Heerde. Surface roads connecting the city includeN760,N763,N765 andN307.
Kampen had two theological universities: theTheological University of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PThU) and thetheological college of the Reformed Church of the Netherlands (TUK).
.jpg)
_in_1948.jpg)
Media related toKampen, Netherlands at Wikimedia CommonsPlaces adjacent to Kampen, Overijssel | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||
Members of theHanseatic League by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
| Wendish |
|   | ||
| Saxon | ||||
| Baltic | ||||
| Westphalian | ||||
| Kontore | ||||
| Vitten | ||||
| Factories | ||||
Overijssel province | ||
|---|---|---|
| Municipalities |  | |
| Regions | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| Geographic | |
