Kalna I
Community development block
Location in West Bengal
Coordinates:23°13′00″N88°22′00″E / 23.21667°N 88.36667°E /23.21667; 88.36667
Country	India
State	West Bengal
District	Purba Bardhaman
Parliamentary constituency	Bardhaman Purba
Assembly constituency	Kalna,Purbasthali Dakshin
Area
• Total	169.08 km2 (65.28 sq mi)
Elevation	12 m (39 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	206,945
• Density	1,223.9/km2 (3,170.0/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+5.30 (IST)
PIN	713409 (Kalna) 713405 (Dhatrigram)
Telephone/STD code	03454
Vehicle registration	WB-37,WB-38,WB-41,WB-42,WB-44
Literacy Rate	75.81 per cent
Website	http://purbabardhaman.wb.gov.in/

Kalna I is acommunity development block that forms an administrative division inKalna subdivision ofPurba Bardhaman district in theIndianstate ofWest Bengal.

Kalna is located at23°13′N88°22′E / 23.22°N 88.37°E /23.22; 88.37.

Kalna I CD Block is part of the Bhagirathi basin. TheBhagirathi forms the eastern boundary of the CD Block. The region has many swamps and water-logged areas. The soil is fertile, as it consists mainly of silt deposits.^[1]

Kalna I CD Block is bounded byPurbasthali I CD Block on the north,Santipur CD Block, in Nadia district across theBhagirathi, on the east,Kalna II CD Block on the south andMemari II CD Block on the west.^[2]

Kalna I CD Block has an area of 169.08 km². It has 1panchayat samity, 9gram panchayats, 154 gram sansads (village councils), 100mouzas and 98 inhabited villages.Kalna police station serves this block.^[3] Headquarters of this CD Block is atRangapara.^[4]

Gram panchayats of Kalna I block/panchayat samiti are: Atghoria-Simlon, Bagnapara, Begpur, Dhatrigram, Hat-Kalna, Kankuria, Krishnadebpur, Nandai and Sultanpur.^[5]

As per the2011 Census of India Kalna I CD Block had a total population of 206,945, of which 186,138 were rural and 20,807 were urban. There were 105,696 (51%) males and 101,294 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 20,853.Scheduled Castes numbered 59,242 (28.63%) andScheduled Tribes numbered 20,962 (10.13%).^[6]

As per 2001 census, Kalna I block had a total population of 190,687, out of which 97,903 were males and 92,784 were females. Kalna I block registered a population growth of 21.40 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent.^[7] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.^[8]Scheduled castes at 58,225 formed around one-third the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 21,222.^[9]

Census Towns in Kalna I CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets):Dhatrigram (9,955),Piarinagar (3,678) andUttar Goara (7,178).^[6]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Kalna I CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Nandai (8,406), Gramkalna (11,973), Briddhapara (5,525), Radhanagar (5,984), Krishnadebpur (13,665) and Hatkalna (4,196).^[6]

Other villages in Kalna I CD Block include (2011census figures in brackets): Atgharia (2,188), Simlon (3,908), Begpur (1,354), Sultanpur (1,304), Kakuria (3,206)^[6]

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Kalna I CD Block was 141,069 (75.81% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 78,164 (82.15% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 62,905 (69.14% of the female population over 6 years). Thegender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.01%.^[6]

As per 2001 census, Kalna I block had a total literacy of 66.45 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 75.23 per cent female literacy was 57.16 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent.^[10]

See also –List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 141,970 and formed 68.60% of the population in Kalna I CD Block. Muslims numbered 60,006 and formed 29.00% of the population. Christians numbered 255 and formed 0.12% of the population. Others numbered 4,714 and formed 2.28% of the population.^[11]

In Bardhaman district the percentage of Hindu population has been declining from 84.3% in 1961 to 77.9% in 2011 and the percentage of Muslim population has increased from 15.2% in 1961 to 20.7% in 2011.^[12]

At the time of the 2011 census, 91.07% of the population spokeBengali and 8.12%Santali as their first language.^[13]

As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families livingbelow poverty line in 2005,rural poverty in Kalna I CD Block was 40.99%.^[14]

In Kalna I CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 15.15%, agricultural labourers 47.03%, household industry workers 9.34% and other workers 28.48%.^[3]

Kalna I CD Block is part of the area where agriculture dominates the scenario but the secondary and tertiary sectors have shown an increasing trend.^[15]

There are 98 inhabited villages in Kalna I CD block. All 98 villages (100%) have power supply. All 98 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 21 villages (21.43%) have post offices. 93 villages (94.90%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 37 villages (37.76%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 60 villages (61.22%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 32 villages (32.65%) haveagricultural credit societies. 14 villages (14.29%) have banks.^[16]

In 2013-14. There were 77 fertiliser depots, 14 seed stores and 52fair price shops in the CD Block.^[3]

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights ofbargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.^[17] Followingland reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture Kalna I could be classified as follows:bargadars 6.60%, patta (document) holders 14.87%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 5.10%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 17.65% and agricultural labourers 55.78%.^[3]

In 2003-04 net cropped area in Kalna I Block was 14,068 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 11,348 hectares.^[18]

In 2013–14, Kalna I CD Block produced 36,365 tonnes ofAman paddy, the main winter crop, from 11,875 hectares, 20,786 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 5,285 hectares, 23,084 tonnes of jute from 1,045 hectares and 23,876 tonnes of potatoes from 2,376 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.^[3]

In Bardhaman district as a whole Aman paddy constituted 64.32% of the total area under paddy cultivation, while the area under Boro and Aus paddy constituted 32.87% and 2.81% respectively. The expansion of Boro paddy cultivation, with higher yield rates, was the result of expansion of irrigation system and intensive cropping.^[19] In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Kalna I CD Block was 11,050.53 hectares, out of which 6,489.00 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 2,255.81 hectares by river lift irrigation and 2,305.72 hectares by deep tube wells.^[3]

With thepartition of India many skilled weavers from Dhaka settled around Santipur in Nadia district and Ambika Kalna in Bardhaman district, both with long traditions in weaving and the entire weaving belt spread across Santipur, Phulia, Samudragarh, Dhatrigram and Ambika Kalna, produces quality hndloom products in exotic designs and colours.^[20]

In 2013–14, Kalna I CD Block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 2gramin banks.^[3]

v t e Howrah–Barddhaman main line
Legend
km km Barddhaman–Asansol section Barddhaman Down Yard B.B. loop line Barddhaman–Katwa line Barddhaman Junction 107 00 143 53 Katwa Junction 136 Dainhat Barddhaman Up Yard Barddhaman Diesel Loco shed Gangpur 100 Dainhat–Manteswar –Memari line (planned) Saktigarh 95 B.B. loop line Howrah–Barddhaman chord line Manteswar(planned) Palsit 91 87 Rasulpur Nimo 84 Dainhat–Manteswar –Memari line (planned) 81 Memari Bagila 78 74 Debipur Bainchi 70 67 Bainchigram Simlagarh 65 60 Pundooah Khanyan 55 50 Talandu Howrah–Barddhaman chord line B.B. loop line Dhaniakhali Halt 00 46 Magra (planned) Tarakeswar–Dhaniakhali –Magra line Saraswati river Howrah–Barddhaman chord line 43 Adisaptagram Bandel EMU car shed B.B. loop line Bandel goods yard Bandel Junction 39 Bandel Steam Loco shed Bandel–Naihati branch line Hooghly 37 35 Chuchura Chandannagar 32 30 Mankundu Victoria jute mill siding Bhadreshwar jute mill siding Braithwaite Angus Works siding Angus jute mill siding Bhadreshwar 28 Champdani coal depot siding 30 Bhadreshwar Ghat DVC Khal North Brook jute mill siding Dalhousie jute mill siding Champdani jute mill siding 24 Baidyabati Seoraphuli–Bishnupur branch line 22 Seoraphuli Junction (planned) Shrirampur 19 Shrirampur (planned) Howrah Maidan–Dankuni –Srirampur metro Standard Pharma siding FCI siding Rishra Glass factory siding Grasim Industries factory siding Wellington jute mill siding 16 Rishra Rishra cotton mill siding Berger Paints factory siding Hindustan Motors factory siding 13 Konnagar Titagarh Wagons siding 11 Hind Motor 9 Uttarpara Condemned Coach Dismantling & Cutting Yard Bone mill siding Bally Khal Howrah–Barddhaman chord line Bally jute mill siding 8 Bally Belghoria Expressway Calcutta Chord link line 6 Belur Math Belur Railway Scrap Yard Belur 5 Belur Store Yard 4 Liluah Howrah–Kharagpur line Liluah C & W Workshop Santragachi Locomotive Shed Santragachi Coaching Yard Hindustan Industries & Engineering siding Santragachi–Amta branch line (planned) Howrah–Santragachi –Dhulagarh metro Santragachi Junction 07 10 Santragachi(planned) (planned) Howrah–Santragachi –Dhulagarh metro Liluah Sorting Yard Kona Expressway Ramrajatala 06 Howrah Diesel Loco Shed Dasnagar 04 Tikiapara–Liluah line (Howrah bypass line) Howrah Electric Loco Shed Tikiapara 02 Tikiapara EMU Car Shed Padmapukur Coaching Yard Tikiapara Coaching Yard Padmapukur 08 (planned) Howrah–Santragachi –Dhulagarh metro Howrah EMU Car Shed Guest Keen Williams siding Shalimar 05 Shalimar(planned) Shalimar rail yard CCI siding Shalimar Goods Shed B & R siding Salt Golah Goods Yard(abandoned) (planned) Coal Depot Howrah Maidan–Dankuni –Srirampur metro (planned) (planned) Foreshore Road Jheel Siding Coaching Yard Howrah–Shalimar line (abandoned) Howrah Maidan Burn Standard Company siding  KM Green Line  Howrah Goods Shed 0 Howrah Hooghly river East–West Metro Tunnel  KM Green Line  km km
Key
Indian Railways broad gauge (1676 mm) Kolkata Metro (KM)standard gauge (1435 mm) in use   out of use, planned, or under construction (u/c)   tunnel

Kalna I CD Block has 6 ferry services and 13 originating/ terminating bus routes.^[3]

TheBandel-Katwa branch line passes through this CD Block and there are stations at Dhatrigram and Ambika Kalna.^[21]

State Highway 6 (West Bengal) running from Rajnagar (in Birbhum district) to Alampur (in Howrah district) passes through this block.^[22]

In 2013–14, Kalna I CD Block had 112 primary schools with 9,703 students, 11 high schools with 10,220 students and 11 higher secondary schools with 12,310 students. Kalna I CD Block had 353 institutions for special and non-formal education with 12,046 students. Kalna (municipality), outside the CD Block area, had 2 general college with 4,866 students.^[3]

As per the 2011 census, in Kalna I CD block, amongst the 98 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have schools, 36 villages had two or more primary schools, 23 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 17 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.^[23]

More than 6,000 schools (in erstwhile Bardhaman district) serve cookedmidday meal to more than 900,000 students.^[24]

In 2014, Kalna I CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 3 primary health centres with total 36 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 22 family welfare subcentres. 1,954 patients were treated indoor and 157,631 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.^[3]

Atgharia Rural Hospital atAtgharia (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Kalna I CD block. There areprimary health centres at Baghnapara (with 10 beds), Sahajpur (with 6 beds) and Sultanpur (with 10 beds).^[25]

Kalna I CD Block is one of the areas of Bardhaman district which is affected by a moderately high level of arsenic contamination of ground water.^[26]

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• Community development blocks in Purba Bardhaman district

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