Kalmaktar, калмактар | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Russia | 500[1] |
| Languages | |
| Tom dialect ofSiberian Tatar,Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam,Shamanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Altai people (especiallyTeleuts), otherSiberian Tatars,Oirats[2] | |
TheKalmak Tatars (Siberian Tatar:калмактар[3]) are one of the three subgroups ofTom group ofSiberian Tatars.[4] Their traditional areas of settlement are northeastern parts ofKemerovo Oblast, close to the town ofYurga.
The origins of the Kalmaks trace back to the 17th century, when a group ofTeleuts from the central parts of Kemerovo Oblast migrated to the north. Kalmaks adopted Islam in the 18th century due to mainly Tatar influence. These factors created anendogamous barrier between Kalmaks andRussians, which helped Kalmaks to preserve their identity.[5]
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Kalmaks inhabited mainly Zimnik,Bolshoy Ulus close to the town of Yurga, andYurty-Konstantinovy (Тумаел) in theYashkinsky District to the northeast of Yurga, close toTomsk Oblast.
The Kalmaks are considered to be mostly assimilated but retain their Teleut roots. They speak a local dialect of theSiberian Tatar language.[6][5][7] However some sources consider the language of the Kalmaks to be a separate variety of Tatar, or even a dialect of the Teleut language, as it differs greatly from other Siberian Tatar varieties.[8][9][10]
The Kalmaks are Sunni Muslims. They converted to Islam around the late 18th century under the influence of Volga Tatars andSiberian Bukharans.[5]
The majority of Kalmak Tatars belong toY-DNA haplogroupN1c1-Y16311[11] which originates fromN1c1-F4205, likeMongols andKalmyks. This differentiates them from Teleuts, from whom some scholars believe the Kalmak Tatars descent.
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