Kallio Berghäll | |
|---|---|
 Position of Kallio within Helsinki | |
| Country |  Finland |
| Region | Uusimaa |
| Sub-region | Greater Helsinki |
| Municipality | Helsinki |
| District | Central |
| Subdivision regions | Linjat,Siltasaari,Torkkelinmäki |
Area | 1.09 km2 (0.42 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | 27,051 |
| • Density | 16,494/km2 (42,720/sq mi) |
| Postal codes | 00500, 00530 |
| Subdivision number | 11 |
| Neighbouring subdivisions | Sörnäinen,Linjat,Harju |
Kallio (Finnish:[ˈkɑlːio];Swedish:Berghäll; literally "the rock") is adistrict and aneighbourhood inHelsinki, the capital ofFinland, located on the eastern side of the Helsinki peninsula about one kilometre north from the city centre. It is one of the most densely populated areas in Finland. Kallio is separated from the city centre by the Siltasaarensalmi strait, over which is a bridge calledPitkäsilta ("long bridge"). Traditionally, the bridge symbolizes the divide between theaffluent centre and the moreworking class areas around Kallio.
After the forming of the new centre in the 19th century, the city expanded northward. The intense industrialization which began in the 1860s in Helsinki saw the construction of the industrial areas aroundSörnäinen harbour and to the workers' district of Kallio, with the area becoming inhabited mostly by factory workers. However, most of the working-class families have long ago been replaced as the most typical Kallio residents by young adults and elderly people living alone, in a process which could be seen as some sort ofgentrification. For many people who move into Helsinki from elsewhere in Finland, Kallio is the area where they first settle. Most flats are small, and rents are typically lower than elsewhere in central Helsinki, partly explaining the area's popularity among students and artists. The small flat sizes also mean that Kallio is expected to resist full gentrification. However, the rents have increased as the district has grown more popular and become an increasingly desirable area to live in.
Kallio (andHarju, which is often considered a part of Kallio) also has, more than any other district in Helsinki, a reputation as a "bohemian" and liberal area. The area has a heterogeneous population and manybars. The area also has a number ofsex shops,strip clubs andmassage parlors.
PresidentTarja Halonen was born in Kallio and lived there until she was elected president in 2000.
Kallio was previously known as aworking-class district. Up to the 1960s the small one- and two-bedroom apartments in the district were used by families with children, who moved away from Kallio as the wealth shifted elsewhere. Today Kallio has profiled itself as a district for students, young adults and artists. This has been caused by good availability of apartments,[1] good selection of entertainment, central locality and good accessibility by public transport. The turnover rate of apartment tenants in Kallio is the highest in the entire city of Helsinki. The average time tenants live in Kallio is about three and a half years and only 29.3 percent of Kallio residents were born in Helsinki.[2] Previously new tenants in Kallio were students needing their first place of their own or single people moving to Helsinki for work. Kallio has undergonegentrification during the last few decades.[3][4]
The apartments in Kallio are small, most have only one or two bedrooms. The population density, which is among the highest in the entire country in Finland, and the distribution of the population allows for a selection of local services that is among the best in Helsinki. There arebrick and mortar shops and other services at the street level floor of almost every building. Kallio has good transport connections. The district has twoHelsinki Metro stations (Hakaniemi andSörnäinen), sixtram lines[5] and about 60Helsinki internal andmetropolitanbus lines. As well as this, the long-distance buses travelling on Lahdenväylä andTuusulanväylä are accessible from Sturenkatu inAlppiharju, and the long-distance buses travelling onItäväylä are accessible from Junatie inVallila. Public services in Kallio include a library, a primary school, and a hospital belonging to the Helsinki Deaconess Institute. The area also includes theMetropolia University of Applied Sciences and two gymnasiums, the Kallio gymnasium specialising in articulacy and the Helsinki art gymnasium specialising in the arts. TheKallio Church is one of the most prominent landmarks in Helsinki. There are a lot of parks in Kallio, including theTokoinranta park area along the Eläintarhanlahti shore as well as the Tarja Halonen park, Ilolanpuisto, Karhupuisto, the Matti Helenius park, Torkkelinpuistikko, Pengerpuisto, the Alli Trygg park, the Franzen park, the Harjutori park, the Deaconess park and the Tauno Palo park.
According to the division of thesubdivisions of Helsinki, Kallio is bordered by the Siltavuorensalmi strait with thePitkäsilta bridge crossing it and the Kaisaniemenlahti bay to the east, theTöölönlahti bay to the west, the streetHelsinginkatu to the north, and the streets ofHämeentie and Näkinkuja as well as the Hakaniemi bridge to the east. The district is divided into three sub-districts:Siltasaari (about 2,400 inhabitants in early 2014),Linjat (about 9,700 inhabitants) andTorkkelinmäki (about 7,100 inhabitants).[6] The Siltasaari sub-district contains theHakaniemi market square with its environment. The name of the Linjat sub-district ("The Lines") comes from the five numbered streets in the area, Ensi Linja through Viides Linja ("First Line" through "Fifth Line"), but as well as the city blocks between them. the sub-district also contains the villa area ofLinnunlaulu on the Töölönlahti shore, with a character completely different from the rest of Kallio.[7]
Together with the district ofSörnäinen to the east of Hämeentie, Kallio forms the Kallio region, also including the districts ofMerihaka,Hanasaari andSompasaari.
In colloquial speech, the name Kallio refers to an area larger than the official district of Kallio, which is thought to also contain the area ofHarju in the district ofAlppiharju near theVaasankatu street and theBrahenkenttä sports field.[citation needed]
Kallio has often appeared in Finnishpopular culture. Kallio is the setting forPirkko Saisio's 1975 debut novelElämänmeno. The main character lives on Fleminginkatu and the events are mostly located in the border between Kallio andSörnäinen. This gives the book "an air of a city block and district novel".[8]Mikko Rimminen's 2004 novelPussikaljaromaani takes entirely place in the streets and bars of Kallio.Ville Jankeri's filmSixpack (Finnish:Pussikaljaelokuva) based on the book was premiered on 2 September 2011. In theJuoppohullun päiväkirja books byJuha Vuorinen, the main character, Juha, lives in Kallio.
Kallio also appears in Finnish television series and films. The ideological significance of Kallio to the character of Helsinki stands out inAki Kaurismäki's 1985 filmCalamari Union where 15 people all named Frank go on a journey from Kallio toEira in search of a better life. Kallio also serves as the background milieu for thePekka ja Pätkä films featuring housekeeper Pikkarainen. The events inTapio Piirainen's television seriesRaid are mostly located in Kallio, especially atLinjat. The main characters in the drama seriesKotikatu moved during the 2004-2005 season fromUllanlinna to Kallio near theKarhupuisto park.[9] Also the events in the television seriesAikuiset are mostly located in Kallio.[10]
In music Kallio is mentioned in many of the songs byTuomari Nurmio, in the songPois Kalliosta byHapporadio, in the songsKalliossa andTyttö huutaa hii! byLapinlahden Linnut, in the songKallioon by Plutonium 74, in the songHagiksesta pohjoiseen byJuno and in the performanceKolmatta linjaa takaisin byFredi. The songKolmatta linjaa byJontti & Shaka and many songs byHeikki Kuula also feature Kallio. Tuomari Nurmio'sHelsinki slang songTonnin stiflat features Kallio:"luudataan Hesarilla ja dallataan Hagikseen" ("we wander around on Helsinginkatu and then walk to Hakaniemi"). The lyrics of many songs bySir Elwoodin Hiljaiset Värit feature Kallio, for exampleFlemarilla tuulee,Kaduilla Kallion andOhut kosketus. The second verse ofKaija Koo's songYhtä kaikki also features Kallio. The verse mentions the Karhupuisto park and the famous restaurant Cella in Kallio. Kallio is also mentioned in many songs byLaineen Kasperi andJulma-Henri. The 2009 songKallioon! byPertti Kurikan Nimipäivät represents thepunk music style.Pelle Miljoona, another punk musician, mentions Kallio in his songKallion kuu. The 2013 albumKallio by thejazz band Dalindeo contains twelve songs about Kallio.Vain hullut asuu Kallios ("Only crazy people live in Kallio") is the debut single byVilma Alina. Despite the name, the lyrics of the song are about the street Vaasankatu in the district ofAlppiharju.
Five SE–NW streets of Kallio are named with Finnishordinal numbers:Ensi linja,Toinen linja,Kolmas linja,Neljäs linja andViides linja, meaningFirst Line,Second Line,Third Line,Fourth Line andFifth Line, forming thus an example ofnumbered streets, rare in Europe and unique in Helsinki.
The SW–NE streets in the same area are named after Finnish scientists from the 18th and 19th century. Starting from South-east these include:
To the east, theTorkkelinmäki area also has:
Many of the streets on both sides of Helsinginkatu in the Kallio and Harju are named after Swedish kings and lords of the 16th and 17th century
60°11′03″N024°56′57″E / 60.18417°N 24.94917°E /60.18417; 24.94917
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| Southeastern Kaakkoinen Sydöstra | ||
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| Östersundom Östersundomin Östersundoms | ||
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