Kakkanadan | |
|---|---|
 Kakkanadan | |
| Born | (1935-04-23)23 April 1935[1] Thiruvalla,Travancore (now inKerala,India) |
| Died | 19 October 2011(2011-10-19) (aged 76)[2] Kollam,Kerala, India |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Genre | Novel, short story |
| Literary movement | Modernism |
| Notable awards | |
George Varghese Kakkanadan (23 April 1935 – 19 October 2011[3]), commonly known asKakkanadan, was an Indian short-story writer and novelist in theMalayalam language. His works broke away from theneo-realism that dominated Malayalam literature through the 1950s and 1960s. He is often credited with laying the foundation ofmodernism inMalayalam literature. He is a recipient ofKendra Sahitya Akademi Award andKerala Sahitya Akademi Awards in addition to numerous other awards and recognitions.[4]
Born inThiruvalla as the second son of evangelist George Kakkanadan and Rosamma, George Varghese Kakkanadan spent most of his childhood atKollam andKottarakkara. Though Kakkanadan's father was closely associated with the church, he was a political -left sympathiser. Their house in Kottarakkara was a refuge for prominent communist leaders of the past, who were forced to go hiding.[5] After completing a degree in chemistry at SN College, Kollam, Kakkanadan started his career as a school teacher in Kerala. He quit the job to join theSouthern Railway in Tamil Nadu in 1957. In 1961 he moved to theMinistry of Indian Railways in New Delhi where he worked until 1967. He went to Germany in 1967 on a scholarship to pursue research in literature but abandoned it midway and returned to Kerala to become a full-time writer. Kakkanadan also worked as an editorial member in S. K. Nair'sMalayalanadu weekly published fromKollam, between 1971 and 1973.
Artist Rajan Kakkanadan and writers Thampi Kakkanadan and G. Ignatius Kakkanadan are his brothers. Ignatius, his elder brother, was a journalist and was an editorial board member ofJanayugom and Malayalam magazineSoviet Nadu. He was also a noted translator and had translated the works ofB. R. Ambedkar andAmartya Sen under a Kerala Bhasha Institute Project.[6] Kakkanadan's younger brother, Thampi, was also a writer who authored several short stories and published a novel-Kalapathinte Orma.[7] Kakkanadan also has two sisters: Ammini, wife of the former Member of ParliamentP. A. Solomon, and Annie.[5] Kakkanadan married Ammini in 1965. They have three children: Radha, Rajan Kakkanadan and Rishi.
Kakkanadan died on 19 October 2011, aged 76, at Bishop Benziger's hospital inKollam. He had had cancer for a few years.[8][9] He was buried with full state honours at the Polayathode public crematorium complex.[10][11] He is survived by his two sons, Rajan and Rishi, and daughter Radha. His wife Ammini died on 15 September 2019.
Though he had started writing much before the railway stint and even wrote the novelVasoori, it was his second novelSakshi that brought him laurels. The book had a great impact on the younger generation of Malayalam readers and was credited with breaking new grounds inMalayalam literature. In early 1960s, he shot into prominence as one of the most promising writers in Malayalam and was among the pioneers of themodernist trend in Malayalam literature. Kakkanadan's early works broke new ground in Malayalam fiction on account of their earnest exploration of deeper realities of life by employing a new diction and narrative methods. Though vast majority of readers initially found it hard to accept the modern trends ushered in by Kakkanadan and some of his contemporaries, their works soon created a new sensibility marking a radical break from the past.
He was one of the harbingers of modernism in the genres of Malayalam novel and short story. Though labelled by his readers as a formidable ultramodern Malayalam writer, Kakkanadan himself was of the view that modernism in literature has no convincing rationale. Several of his works are considered landmarks in the history of literary modernism in Malayalam. Moving with ease from apocalyptic visions to tantric imagery, he made his works representative of an important strand in the larger modernist trends in arts, literature and culture in India.
Kakkanadan was a rebel, both in life and literature. His rebellion extended from his selection of themes and use of subversive language to his careful crafting of the philosophy of angst into the writing. He often traversed the sweat zones of life and spoke of the valleys of the unknowing. With a stunningly violent style, he shook the very roots of the progressive literary sensibilities of the 1960s and 1970s and its innocent certainties. His was a world of dark tones and darker people, many of them social rejects. He often spoke of the seamy side, the world of puss and blood. Each of his works was an act of rebellion against accepted elitist social mores and codes. Sex, like violence, was a leitmotif in many of his works; at times as a resonant chant, at others as an explosive outpouring of raw human power that transcends both the demonic and the divine. Kakkanadan's major novels areSakshi (1967),Ezham Mudra (1968),Vasoori (1968),Ushnamekhala (1969),Kozhi (1971),Parankimala (1971),Ajnathayude Thaazhvara (1972),Innaleyude Nizhal (1974),Adiyaravu (1975),Orotha (1982),Ee Naaykkalute Lokam (1983) andBarsaathi (1986). His most noted short story collections areYuddhaavasaanam (1969),Purathekkulla Vazhi (1970),Aswathamaavinte Chiri (1979),Sreechakram (1981),Alwar Thirunagarile Pannikal (1989),Uchayillaatha Oru Divasam (1989) andJaappaana Pukayila (2005). He has other novels, short story collections, travelogues and essay collections to his credit. DirectorBharathan adapted the novelsParankimala andAdiyaravu for the filmsParankimala (1981) andParvathy (1981).K. G. George'sOnappudava (1978) was based on Kakkanadan's novel of the same name. Kakkanadan's short storyChithalukal was made into a film byKamal, titledUnnikrishnante Adyathe Christmas (1988).
He won theKerala Sahitya Akademi Award for his short-story collectionAswathamavinte Chiri in 1980 and for his novelOrotha in 1984. In 2005 he won theKendra Sahitya Akademi Award forJappana Pukayila and in 2008 he was bestowed with theKerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship. Kakkanadan was a craze among the younger generation of Kerala during the 1960s and 1970s.[3]
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