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| Kajmakčalan | |
|---|---|
| Voras | |
.jpg) TheSerbian-builtSt. Peter's Orthodox church on the peak of Kajmakčalan | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,521 m (8,271 ft)[1] |
| Prominence | 1,758 m (5,768 ft)[1] |
| Listing | Ultra |
| Coordinates | 40°55′52″N21°47′21″E / 40.93111°N 21.78917°E /40.93111; 21.78917[1] |
| Geography | |
  Kajmakčalan Location in Greece (on border with North Macedonia) | |
| Location | Greece–North Macedonia border |
| Parent range | Voras Mountains |
Kajmakčalan (Kaimakchalan),Kaimaki,Kaimaktsalan orVoras (Greek:Καϊμακτσαλάν orΚαϊμάκι orΒόρας,Macedonian:Каjмакчалан,romanized: Kajmakčalan), is a mountain on the border betweenGreece andNorth Macedonia. It is the southernmost and highest peak, 2,521 metres (8,271 ft),[2] of a range known in Greek as theVoras Mountains and in Macedonian asNidže. In terms of prominence, the Kaimaktsalan summit rises 1,758 metres above its surroundings. The frontier between the two countries runs across the summit.[1] It is the third-highest peak in Greece afterMytikas andSmolikas and the fifth-highest in North Macedonia.[citation needed]
The word "Kajmakčalan" is ofOttoman Turkish origin and inspired by its white, snowy peak:kaymakçalan means 'kaymak-like'. "Kaymak" in Turkish refers to a dairy product similar to clotted cream.
The peak consists ofgranite,gneiss andmica.
Kajmakčalan has asubarctic climate (Dfc) with short, cool summers and long, cold winters.
| Climate data for Kaimaktsalan Ski Center,Greece 2090 m a.s.l (2008-2023) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) | 11.0 (51.8) | 10.3 (50.5) | 18.0 (64.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 21.3 (70.3) | 17.4 (63.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 11.3 (52.3) | 25.5 (77.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) | −1.0 (30.2) | 0.8 (33.4) | 4.4 (39.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 13.6 (56.5) | 16.7 (62.1) | 16.6 (61.9) | 12.4 (54.3) | 7.9 (46.2) | 4.6 (40.3) | 0.1 (32.2) | 7.0 (44.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) | −3.6 (25.5) | −1.9 (28.6) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.5 (43.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 13.2 (55.8) | 13.1 (55.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 5.1 (41.2) | 2.1 (35.8) | −2.3 (27.9) | 4.1 (39.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.6 (20.1) | −6.2 (20.8) | −4.5 (23.9) | −0.9 (30.4) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 9.6 (49.3) | 9.6 (49.3) | 6.2 (43.2) | 2.3 (36.1) | −0.5 (31.1) | −4.7 (23.5) | 1.3 (34.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) | −20.0 (−4.0) | −19.1 (−2.4) | −11.3 (11.7) | −4.6 (23.7) | −0.6 (30.9) | 2.6 (36.7) | 1.7 (35.1) | −4.5 (23.9) | −10.0 (14.0) | −12.1 (10.2) | −16.9 (1.6) | −20.8 (−5.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 89.7 (3.53) | 57.6 (2.27) | 58.8 (2.31) | 63.5 (2.50) | 99.2 (3.91) | 90.6 (3.57) | 32.6 (1.28) | 59.6 (2.35) | 74.6 (2.94) | 89.0 (3.50) | 113.1 (4.45) | 88.4 (3.48) | 916.7 (36.09) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 97.4 |
| Source 1:National Observatory of Athens Monthly Bulletins (Feb 2008 - Sep 2023)[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Kaimaktsalan N.O.A station[4] andWorld Meteorological Organization[5] | |||||||||||||
DuringWorld War I, in September 1916, theBattle of Kaymakchalan betweenSerbian andBulgarian troops took place at Kajmakčalan and around the adjacent peaks, resulting in a Serbian victory. There is a small church and crypt for theSerbian Army soldiers who died in the battle. Near the top of the mountain, on the Greek side, there is a small church namedSt. Peter's (Sveti Petar in Serbian), the peak itself is called, besides Kajmakčalan,Profitis Ilias (Greek:Εκκλησία Προφήτης Ηλίας).[6]
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