| 141st Special Motorized Regiment | |
|---|---|
| 141-й специальный моторизованный полк | |
 | |
| Leaders | Ramzan Kadyrov |
| Foundation | 1999 |
| Dates of operation | 1999 - present |
| Headquarters | Grozny, Chechnya |
| Active regions | North Caucasus Ukraine |
| Ideology | Nationalism Patriotism Putinism Anti-Americanism |
| Slogan | "Akhmad is strong!" (Russian:Ахмат — сила!) |
| Size | 1999: ~500 - 1000 present: ~12.000 |
| Allies | |
| Opponents | |
| Battles and wars | |
| Flag |  |
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The141st Special Motorized Regiment,[a][b] colloquially known as theKadyrovites[c] or theAkhmat special forces unit, is aparamilitary organization inChechnya,Russia, that serves as theprotection of theHead of the Chechen Republic. The termKadyrovtsy is commonly used in Chechnya to refer to any armed, ethnically-Chechen men under the control of Head of the Chechen RepublicRamzan Kadyrov, although nominally they are under the umbrella of theNational Guard of Russia.[8] As of 2023, the regiment's official commander wasAdam Delimkhanov, a close ally of Kadyrov.[citation needed]
Akhmad Kadyrov, the then chief mufti of separatist Chechnya, defected to the Russian side in theSecond Chechen War in 1999, and the Kadyrovites began fighting separatists andjihadists during the "guerrilla phase" as ade facto unit of the state police after he was appointed Chechen President in July 2000. Akhmad Kadyrov was assassinated in 2004. Control of the militia was inherited by his son,Ramzan Kadyrov. In 2006, the Kadyrovites were legalized as amotorized regiment of theMinistry of Internal Affairs, as the 141st Motorized Regiment. When Kadyrov was elected Chechen President in 2007 its current official role as a personal protective service was established. Besides the 141st, units considered "Kadyrovites" also include the Chechen branches ofOMON andSOBR.[9][10]
The Kadyrovites have been criticized as being Ramzan Kadyrov'sprivate army, and have been accused of committing widespread human rights abuses such askidnapping,forced disappearances,torture andmurder. Critics claim the Kadyrovites useextrajudicial punishment to cement Kadyrov's autocratic rule. By mid-2000s they surpassed Russian federal servicemen as the most feared organization among Chechnya's civilian population.[11] Under Kadyrov's orders, the Kadyrovites committedanti-gay purges in Chechnya,[12][13] including operatingconcentration camps for gay men.[14][15] The Kadyrovites have also been involved in international conflicts including theSyrian Civil War in 2017 and the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
AfterAkhmad Kadyrov's defection to the Kremlin side in 1999, he and his followers fought for Russia against Maskhadov government troops and Islamist insurgents. The return of Russian rule over Chechnya was declared in July 2000, beginning the "guerrilla phase" of the conflict. Kadyrov was appointed as acting President of theChechen Republic by Russian PresidentVladimir Putin, and was electedPresident of the Chechen Republic on 5 October 2003. The Kadyrovites acted as bodyguards to Kadyrov, who was the target of several assassination attempts. The security detail was headed byMovladi Baisarov.[9]
Technically still a personal militia, the Kadyrovites functioned as an unofficial part of the Chechen Republic'sstate police, withoutlegal status in either the republican or federal government. In May 2003, the group established effective control over the ChechenOMON, then estimated at 300 men, which had been considered one of the strongholds of anti-Kadyrov opposition. It was led by Musa Gazimagomadov, who died in a road accident under "strange circumstances". Afterwards, the Kadyrovite OMON was run by Ruslan Alkhanov, a former rebel commanderamnestied just a year before,[citation needed] and who later became the Chechnya's Interior Minister.[9]
In October 2003,Akhmad Kadyrov became thePresident of the Chechen Republic. By this time, his Security Service (SB) was already Chechnya's largest security body; Kadyrov claimed that it numbered 3,000. According to his successor, PresidentAlu Alkhanov, by 2005 this figure had grown to 7,000.
Kadyrov was killed on 9 May 2004 in the2004 Grozny stadium bombing, in what is considered to be a deliberate assassination. Control of the Kadyrovites passed to his son,Ramzan Kadyrov, who was second-in-command of the militia. At that point, the backbone of the militia still consisted of former separatist fighters (more than 70% in 2004, according to the Russian military sources), and their allegiance to the new leader was questioned. Many continued serving as Kadyrovites under Ramzan due to implicit threats on their relatives' welfare;coercion was commonly used in Chechnya to demand compliance.Hostage-taking in particular was widespread and affected many in the country, including former rebel Minister of Defence Magomed Khambiyev.[16]
Shortly after Akhmad Kadyrov's death, the unit of the Kadyrovites responsible for his protection was formally disbanded. Most of the remaining units were integrated into Russianlaw enforcement agencies and security authorities in Chechnya under theMinistry of Internal Affairs. By 2005, two units were formed: the"Akhmad Kadyrov" Second Road Patrol Regiment of the Police (PPSM-2, Kadyrov Regiment), and theOil RegimentNeftepolk, headed by the Kadyrov's cousin Adam Delimkhanov, comprising around 1,500 to 2,000 men, respectively.[17][18]
By 2006, the total number of Kadyrovites, who by then included the PPSM-2, the Oil Regiment, and so-called Anti-Terrorist Centers (commanded by Muslim Ilyasov), was no longer being disclosed.Memorial estimated that they numbered around 5,000 people, as did a 2007 a similarReuters estimate.[19][20]
On April 29, 2006, Ramzan Kadyrov officially disbanded his security service, saying ontelevision that "These structures are no longer existent, and those calling themselves Kadyrovites are impostors and must be punished in accordance with the law." Some of the Kadyrovite gunmen were completely integrated into Chechen government power structures, while others, estimated to number at least 1,800, continued serving in semi-legalparamilitary formations. The ATCs were quickly closed down, and some members transferred to newly formedbattalions:Sever (North, led byAlibek Delimkhanov and made up of an estimated 700 men) andYug (South, led by Muslim Ilyasov and made up of an estimated 500 men).[21]
The Kadyrovites were rearmed and given heavy equipment, such asarmoured personnel carriers they previously did not possess. Observers have considered that their recognition and legalization as alaw enforcement unit was implemented by the Russian government to redeploy some federal troops in Chechnya to the neighboring state ofDagestan, where an Islamist insurgency had not been contained. In 2007, Ramzan Kadyrov became the new President of the Chechen Republic and now controlled all Chechen Interior Ministry forces; the top seats of his government were occupied by the former Kadyrovite commanders.
In 2016, after a series of reforms, most of the Russian internal military and paramilitary troops were placed under the command of the newly createdNational Guard of Russia (also known as the Rosgvardiya).[22] Chechen internal troops were placed under nominal control of the National Guard, although still under direct control of Kadyrov.[8] Researcher Gordon M. Hahn, on his blog, and Russian political scientistGleb Pavlovsky, who heads the analytics department of the Center for Political Technologies (CPT), said that one of Vladimir Putin's objectives was to limit Kadyrov's power over his troops by placing them under the control of the National Guard, which respond directly to Putin.[23][24]
As part ofRussian intervention in the Syrian civil war, Kadyrovite police units were deployed on the ground inAleppo to "preserve order" and engage in civic outreach.[25]
Chechen militants loyal to Kadyrov have been active in theRusso-Ukrainian War since 2014. These forces include theVostok Battalion and theChechen Death Battalion.[26][27]
Kadyrovite volunteer units participated in the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which began on February 24.Ramzan Kadyrov confirmed on February 26 that the Kadyrovites had been deployed in Ukraine.[28] According toOleksiy Danilov, secretary of theNational Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, they were deployed to capture and kill Ukraine's leaders, including Ukrainian presidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy.[29][30]Foreign Policy described the deployment of Chechen Kadyrovites as "leveraging the very presence of Chechen soldiers in Ukraine as a psychological weapon against Ukrainians".[31]
The Kyiv Independent reported the destruction of a Chechen column of 56 tanks by Ukrainian missiles nearHostomel on 27 February.[29] According to Ukrainian sources, the missile attack had been delayed because the Kadyrovites had been hiding in civilian infrastructure.[32] On the same day, theUkrainian Ministry of Defence said that theAlpha Group of theSBU had ambushed a convoy of Chechen troops in Hostomel and killed the commander of the 141st motorized regiment Major GeneralMagomed Tushayev.[33] Chechen leaderRamzan Kadyrov denied this, saying he was still alive and posted a video which he said showed Tushayev alive.[34][35] Chechen media posted video it said was of Tushayev denying his death on 16 March 2022.[36]
According to Ukrainian media, Chechen troops have been used asbarrier troops, used to address low morale by executing Russian deserters.[37][38][39] In April 1, Ukrainian media reported that Chechen troops executedconscripted soldiers of theLuhansk People's Republic who refused to fight.[40] There were unconfirmed reports that Chechen troops were executing Russian troops who were too injured in field hospitals.[10] On 29 April, Ukrainian intelligence alleged that a unit ofBuryat soldiers and Chechen troops exchanged fire on the village of Kyselivka in theKherson Oblast. Supposedly the conflict was caused by the sharing of loot, exacerbated by tensions with what the Buryat soldiers saw as favoritism of the Chechen troops, as the Buryats had to be in the frontlines and conduct offensive operations while the Chechens are better-equipped and stay behind as barrier troops or conductanti-partisan warfare.[41]
On March 1, Kadyrov said that Chechen fighters in Ukraine had sustained losses of two killed and six wounded.[42] According to Ukrainian intelligence, the Chechen units suffered "hundreds" of casualties while being deployed around Kyiv and were withdrawn to Chechnya on 13 March 2022.[43] Chechen troops were seen fighting in theSiege of Mariupol.[44] The National Guard of Ukraine released a video appearing to show fighters from theAzov Regiment, based inMariupol, greasing bullets inlard (salo) to be used against Chechen troops as an insult, in reference to theprohibition of pork in Islamic law.[45]
Chechen troops in Ukraine have become known for publishing videos on social media, including combat footage from Mariupol. Kadyrov was widely mocked online as a "TikTok warrior" after a picture meant to show him traveling in Ukraine showed him praying at a gas station whose brand only exists in Russia.[46][47]
In late June 2022, Ramzan Kadyrov announced the creation of four new battalions consisting only of ethnicChechens. These battalions would be named Северный Ахмат ("North-Akhmat"), Южный Ахмат ("South-Akhmat"), Западный Ахмат ("West-Akhmat"), and Восточный Ахмат ("East-Akhmat"), according to Kadyrov, and that they would be sent to fight in Ukraine.[48][49]
The Kadyrovites include the following military and paramilitary units:
A significant number of members of these groups are people with acriminal past, including people who committed criminal offences in the period between wars.[failed verification] Particularly feared are the PPSM-2, named after Akhmad Kadyrov, and the Oil Regiment. Officially, PPSM-2 is responsible for security on the streets and the Oil Regiment for the security of industrial sites. In reality, both structures are involved in so-called "anti-terrorist operations" involving gravehuman rights violations, according to human rights groups.[50][51] Human rights activists working in Chechnya have accused the group of being heavily involved inkidnapping,torture andmurder to cement Kadyrov's clan rule.
In October 2006, aGerman human rights group, theSociety for Threatened Peoples (GfbV), that had branded Kadyrov a "war criminal", alleged that up to 75 percent of recent incidents of murder, torture,rape and kidnapping in Chechnya were committed by Ramzan'sparamilitary forces.[52]
The Memorial group investigator stated in its report: "Considering the evidence we have gathered, we have no doubt that most of the crimes which are being committed now in Chechnya are the work of Kadyrov's men. There is also no doubt in our minds that Kadyrov has personally taken part in beating and torturing people. What they are doing is pure lawlessness. To make matters worse, they also go after people who are innocent, whose names were given by someone being tortured to death. He and his henchmen spread fear and terror in Chechnya. (...) They travel by night asdeath squads, kidnapping civilians, who are then locked in atorture chamber, raped and murdered,".[53]
Anna Politkovskaya, a veteran Russianreporter (murdered in 2006; case unsolved as of April 2008) who specialized in Chechen reporting, claimed that she had received a videofootage of a man identical in appearance to Ramzan. "....On them (the clips) were the murders of federalservicemen by the Kadyrovites, and also kidnappings directed by Kadyrov. These are very serious things; on the basis of this evidence a criminal case and investigation should follow. This could allow this person to be brought to justice, something he has long richly deserved," she said. She was allegedly working on an article revealing human rights abuses and regular incidences of torture in Chechnya at the time of her murder.[54] Some observers alleged that Kadyrov or his men were possibly behind the assassination.[55]
The Kadyrovites are often accused of working as adeath squad against Kadyrov's enemies. Ramzan is rumoured to own a privateprison in hisstronghold ofTsentoroi, his home village south-east of Grozny. Fields around Tsentoroi are reportedly mined and all access routes are blocked bycheckpoints. On May 2, 2006, representatives of theCouncil of Europe'sCommittee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) stated that they were prevented from entering the fortress.[50][51][56] They have also begun usingcell phones to record videos of them beating and humiliating ordinary Chechens accused of crimes. The videos are later circulated, with the intention of intimidating civilians.[57]
According to theInternational Helsinki Federation for Human RightsUnofficial Places of Detention in the Chechen Republic" report, many illegal places ofdetention exist in the Chechen Republic. Most of them are run byKadyrovites. In Tsentoroi (also known as Khosi-Yurt, present-dayAkhmat-Yurt), where the Kadyroviteheadquarters is located, there are at least two illegal prisons functioning. One consists of concretebunkers orpillboxes, where kidnapped relatives of armed Chechen fighters are heldhostages while the second prison in Tsentoroi is evidently located in the yard—or in immediate vicinity—of the house of Ramzan Kadyrov.
On November 13, 2006,Human Rights Watch published abriefing paper on torture in Chechnya that it had prepared for the 37th session of theUnited NationsCommittee Against Torture. The paper covered torture by personnel of the Second Operational Investigative Bureau (ORB-2), torture by units under the effective command of Ramzan Kadyrov, torture in secret detentions, and the continuing "disappearances." According to HRW, torture "in both official and secret detention facilities is widespread and systematic in Chechnya." In many cases, the perpetrators were so confident that there would be no consequences for their abuses that they did not even attempt to conceal their identity. Based on extensive research, HRW concluded in 2005 thatforced disappearances in Chechnya are so widespread and systematic that they constitutecrimes against humanity.
On March 1, 2007,Lyudmila Alexeyeva, the head of theMoscow Helsinki Group rights organisation, stated "Kadyrov is to blame for kidnappings of many innocent people. Their bodies were found later with signs of torture."[58]
The Kadyrovites were accused of mass kidnappings (occasionally, even members of the Russian security forces have been kidnapped), tortures andsummary executions,rapes,racketeering, participation in the illegal oil trade and other crimes even by Chechen and Russian officials. In October 2003, the former Chechen official and presidential candidateShamil Burayev, accused the Security Service of "hunting for thedissidents". In May 2004, Russian Presidential adviserAslambek Aslakhanov acknowledged that the "security guard of the Kadyrovs" was operating outside of the law.[16]
In June 2005,Beslan Gantamirov, the former ChechenPrime Minister, accused the SB of "abductions and murder even of the FSB employees" and "gangsterism in the territory of all theNorth Caucasus". In April 2006,Mikhail Babich, another former Prime Minister of Chechnya and then Deputy Chairman of the Committee of the RussianState Duma on Defense, called the armed formations of Kadyrov "an absolutely illegal structure".[16]
In May 2007, more than 100 members of theUnited Kingdom's political and cultural elite have appealed to President Vladimir Putin of Russia to restore "peace and justice" to Chechnya, calling Kadyrov's presidency "little more than a regime of fear and oppression".[59]
In 2021 spetsnaz groups from different Russian regions, including the Kadyrovites, took part in a selection march at "Tambukan" training facility in Stavropol Krai.[60] The event ended after the other participants accused the Chechen operators of cheating and covering some of the march distance in vehicles, resulting in a brawl.[60]
In 2006, a video leaked out in which armed men loyal to Ramzan Kadyrov displayed the severed head of a Chechen guerrilla who was killed in July 2006, separated from his body for public display in the village of Kurchaloi, marking the brutality of the Kadyrovites. They mounted the head on a pipe, together with blood-stained trousers, and put a cigarette on him. It was displayed for at least a day as they came back a day later to record it again.[61]
According to human rights group Memorial as well asAnna Politkovskaya, the Deputy Prime Minister of ChechnyaIdris Gaibov had orchestrated the atrocities by Kadyrovites in the outskirts of the Chechen village in theKurchaloy on July 27–28, 2006. Reportedly, he hung the severed head of a killed rebel fighter up as a warning to the rest of the village. As a Chechen state official, he had given orders to members of the Russian security forces who were not subordinate to him todecapitate a dead body. Armed men then spent the next two hours photographing the head with theirmobile phones. The head remained there for 24 hours.[62][63][64]
On September 21, 2005, a similar incident occurred, as published by Memorial as well as Kavkazky Uzel which described "shocking details" of a special operation conducted by forces loyal to Ramzan Kadyrov, earlier in September in the town of Argun and the settlement of Tsotsin-Yurt. Citing local residents, the human rights group reported that on September 14, a group of Kadyrovites placed a severed head on a pipe on a footbridge across theKhulkulau River for "general viewing" and intimidation purposes.[65]
In 2005, unidentified men kidnapped separatist field commanderDokka Umarov's father Khamad, his wife, and one-year-old son. Several months earlier, his brother Ruslan Umarov, father of four children, had been kidnapped by masked men in uniform. His wife and son were later freed, but his father and brothers disappeared. According to some sources, Umarov's father, Khamad Umarov, was kidnapped back on May 5, 2008, by the Kadyrovite employees of the Oil Regiment (Neftepolk) headed byChechnya's First Deputy Prime Minister Adam Delimkhanov.
In April 2007, Umarov declared that his 74-year-old father was murdered in captivity.[66][67] His sister Natalia Khumaidova was alsoabducted inUrus-Martan in August 2005 by "unidentified armed men".[68] She was released days later after local residents protested for her return. In the past years a cousin Zaurbek and nephew Roman Atayev were also kidnapped. Nothing has been heard of them since.[68]
Shortly after theBeslan hostage-taking raid in 2004, Prosecutor GeneralVladimir Ustinov suggested the practice of taking rebel leaders' relatives hostage. Memorial, who largely condemned such practices, blamed pro-Russian Chechen forces for the abductions.[68] According to separatists, all kidnapped persons were put intoRamzan Kadyrov's personal prison inAkhmat-Yurt.
Only equipment and vehicles for which photographic proof is available are included on this list.[69]
| Model | Image | Origin | In service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) | ||||
| BMP-1P | .jpg) |  Soviet Union | n/a | [69] |
| Armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) | ||||
| BRDM-2 | _owned_by_James_Stewart_pic8.JPG) | Soviet Union | n/a | [69] |
| Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) | ||||
| BTR-70M |  | Soviet Union | n/a | [69] |
| BTR-80 |  | Soviet Union | n/a | [69] |
| BTR-82A |  |  Russia | n/a | [69] |
| BTR-3 | .JPG) |  Ukraine | n/a | They were captured in Ukraine and taken to Chechnya.[69] |
| SBA-60K2 Bulat | .jpg) | Russia | n/a | [69] |
| Ural-432009 Ural-VV |  | n/a | [69] | |
| Z-STS Akhmat |  | n/a | They were named in honour of the former president of the Chechen RepublicAkhmad Kadyrov.[69] | |
| Mine-resistant ambush protected (MRAP) vehicles | ||||
| K-53949 Typhoon-K |  | Russia | n/a | [69] |
| K-4386 Typhoon-VDV |  | n/a | [69] | |
| KamAZ-63968 Typhoon | .jpg) | n/a | [69] | |
| KamAZ-435029 Patrol-A | .jpg) | n/a | [69] | |
| Buran |  | n/a | [69] | |
| KPE Arlan |  |  South Africa Kazakhstan | n/a | [69] |
| Infantry mobility vehicles (IMVs) | ||||
| GAZ Tigr |  | Russia | n/a | [69] |
| GAZ Tigr-M |  | n/a | [69] | |
| Iveco LMV Rys |  | n/a | [69] | |
| BPM-97 | .jpg) | n/a | [69] | |
| Stallion II |  Jordan | n/a | [69] | |
| ZFB-05 |  |  China | n/a | [69] |
| SBA Varta |  | Ukraine | n/a | They were captured in Ukraine.[69] |
| SBA Novator |  | n/a | They were captured in Ukraine.[69] | |
| KrAZ Cobra |  | n/a | They were captured in Ukraine.[69] | |
| M1151 HMMWV |  |  United States | n/a | They were captured in Ukraine.[69] |
| Light strike vehicles (LSVs) | ||||
| Zibar Mk.2 |  Israel | n/a | [69] | |
| Chaborz M-3 | _%25E2%2580%2594_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B7_%25D0%259C-3_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5_Milex-2019_(%25D0%259C%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%2c_%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%258C).jpg) | Russia | n/a | [69] |
| Chaborz M-6 | n/a | [69] | ||
| Armoured trucks | ||||
| KamAZ-3958 «Gorets» |  | Russia | n/a | [69] |
| KamAZ | n/a | They are protected with MM-501 armoured cabin.[69] | ||
| Ural Federal | n/a | [69] | ||
| (Armed) pick-up trucks | ||||
| Toyota Land Cruiser | .jpg) |  Japan | n/a | [69] |
| UAZ Patriot |  | Russia | n/a | Some as pickup truck, some as 4x4 SUVs and others as armoured trucks.[69] |
| Trucks | ||||
| Ural-4320 | .jpg) | Soviet Union | n/a | [69] |
On April 28, 2006, security forces loyal to Ramzan Kadyrov fought a fist fight and then a gun battle with thebodyguards of then-pro-Russian presidentAlu Alkhanov. Up to two men were reportedly killed and four injured in the clash at the presidential administration complex, sparking fears of a broader power struggle between pro-Russian Chechen groups who controlled the republic. The exchange of fire happened during a meeting between Alkhanov and a federal official,Sergei Stepashin.[70]
TheMoskovskij Komsomolets newspaper reported that Alkhanov had banned Kadyrov from bringing more than two men of his private army with him into meetings. It reported that Kadyrov had rung Alkhanov and given him 30 minutes to flee the presidential administration as his men wanted to storm it. The official explanation of the whole incident was that "an ordinary quarrel" had occurred between two men who worked in the security services, and that no shots were ever fired.[70]
The next day reports came out that Ramzan Kadyrov had officially disbanded his security service. On June 4, 2006, President Alu Alkhanov said he would prefer his republic be governed bySharia law and suggested adapting the Islamic code, as it is championed by Kadyrov, He also dismissed reports of conflicts with Ramzan.[70]
People in Chechnya long ago started talking about the Kadyrov-Alkhanov power struggle that included armed confrontation, murders, and hostage-taking. Many of these incidents are provoked by Kadyrov's men. In February 2005, for example, two of Alkhanov's men were killed and three civilians were injured during an attack in theKurchaloev region of the republic, which was essentially in Kadyrov's personal domain. TheITAR-TASS attributed the killing to "members of one of the republic's security services currently involved in anti-terrorist operations".[70]
In the other incident, members of anOMON unit based at theGrozny railway station exchanged fire with and then jailed a group of Kadyrovites. This incident outraged Kadyrov, who ordered his men to shoot to kill anyone who stood in their way. He reportedly called Alkhanov to warn him that there would be a "war" if his men were further provoked. Both sides called for reinforcements and there was further shooting before the situation was defused.[70]
On 17 June 2006, a group of the Kadyrovites and FSB officers killed thePresident of Ichkeria,Abdul Halim Sadulayev (also known as Sheikh Abdul-Halim). His body was driven to Tsentoroy and presented toRamzan Kadyrov. According to the FSB chiefNikolai Patrushev, two members of the federal forces were killed and five were wounded in a firefight in which Sadulayev and his bodyguard were killed, and two other rebels escaped. In August 2006, rebel commanderIsa Muskiev said the FSB and Kadyrovites lost five men killed in the shootout, one of them shot by Sadulayev personally, and three fighters escaped.
The killing of Sheikh Abdul Halim was trumpeted by leaders of the Russian-backed official government of the province, claiming that the separatist forces there had been dealt a "decapitating blow "from which they will never recover."[71] The next day, June 18, Sadulayev was succeeded as the head of the Chechen resistance by the rebel vice-president and an active guerrilla commanderDokka Umarov.
TheGoretz (Mountaineer) detachment of the Kadyrovites was aspetsnaz unit of the FSB headed by Movladi Baisarov, a close ally and chief bodyguard to Akhmad Kadyrov. It was formally disbanded and its servicemen were to be reassigned to the Chechen Interior Ministry. After Akhmad Kadyrov's death, conflict with Ramzan Kadyrov led to Baisarov being declared an outlaw, and many men in the detachment refused the reassignment.The Guardian in June 2006 detailed a showdown between Kadyrov's and Baisarov's forces that had taken place the previous month. The Kadyrovites ended up backing down in that confrontation when another Chechen warlord,Said-Magomed Kakiev, head of theSpetsnaz GRU unit theSpecial BattalionZapad, came down on Baisarov's side.[72]
Baisarov went toMoscow and appeared in the Russian media saying that Ramzan Kadyrov was trying to hunt him down to get rid of possible competition. He accused Kadyrov of directing numerous political murders and kidnappings. At the same time, he toldKommersant that he was not hiding from anyone in Moscow and was expecting to return to Chechnya soon to become the Deputy Prime Minister in charge of law enforcement. In October 2006, while Baisarov was in Moscow, it was believed he still commanded 50 to little over 100 men based in Grozny.[73] On November 18, 2006, Baisarov was shot dead in central Moscow by a detachment of the Kadyrovites.[74]
Sexual violence in theRussian invasion of Ukraine has been committed byArmed Forces of Russia, including the use ofmass rape asa weapon of war. According to the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, the victims of sexual assault by Russian soldiers ranged from 4 years old to over 80 years old.[75]
The United Nations Human Rights High Commissioner issued a report on human rights violations and war crimes in October 2022; in the opening summary section, it stated, "Furthermore, the Commission documented patterns of summary executions, unlawful confinement, torture, ill-treatment, and rape and other sexual violence committed in areas occupied by Russian armed forces across the four provinces on which it focused. People have been detained, some have been unlawfully deported to the Russian Federation, and many are still reported missing. Sexual violence has affected victims of all ages. Victims, including children, were sometimes forced to witness the crimes. Children have become the victims of the full spectrum of violations investigated by the Commission, including indiscriminate attacks, torture and rape, and have suffered the predictable psychological consequences."[76]
