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Kadamba architecture

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(July 2013)

Bhuvaraha Narasimha templeHalasi,Karnataka

Kadamba architecture was a style of temple architecture founded byMayurasharma in the 4th century AD inKarnataka,India.[1]Kadambas creatednew style of architecture which was the basis of the Hoysalas style of architecture, developed original school of sculpture, was the forerunner of series of South Indian sculptors.[2] Many temples atAihole,Badami andHampi are built in Kadamba style.

History

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Main articles:Kadamba Dynasty,Kadamba of Hangal,Kadambas of Halasi, andPolitical history of medieval Karnataka § Kadambas and Gangas

During 345 AD to 525 AD, the ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, theKadambas made early contribution to thearchitecture of Karnataka and they are the originators.[3]

Kadamba art

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Lakshmi Devi temple, Doddagaddavalli

The most prominent feature of Kadamba architecture was Shikara called Kadamba Shikara.The tower rises in steps without any decoration (pyramid shaped shikara) with pinnacle (Stupika or Kalasha) on top.The Kadamba templesvimana usually square in plan, the tower is pyramidal shape and constitutesa series of horizontal step stages decorated with uniform series of quadrangular vertical projectionsand covering vestibules attached to vimana, The stages are more numerous and less elevated, devoid of pavilion ornamentation.

Kadamba's architecture and sculpture contributed to the foundation ofChalukya-Hoysala style.

Temples in Kadamba architectural style

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Two Shiva temples onHemakuta hill atHampi
Mallikarjuna group of temples atBadami
A shrine withKadamba style superstructure atMahakuta
Ruined temple atAihole near Durga temple, in Kadamba style

The 5th century monuments atHalasi are the oldest survivingKadamba structure. The most prominent feature is theKadamba Shikara with aKalasa on top. InBelgaum district, Hattikeshwara, Kalleshwara and Someshwara temples atHalasi and group of temples at Kadaroli illustrates the Kadamba architecture. The oldJain basadi containing a sanctum and asukanasi at Halasi the most ancient stone temple in Karnataka. Kadamba architecture constituted an important link between theShatavahanas,Pallavas andChalukyas architecture. Kadamba architecture elements inHoysala Architecture.[4]

Aihole

Many temples atAihole including Ramlingesvara temple Complex, Badigergudi temple and small shrines at Durga temple complex, Tryambakeshwara temple complex, ruined temple at Mallikarjuna temple complex, shrines at Jyotirlinga temple complex, small temple at Hucchimalli temple complex, ruined temples Galaganatha temple complex and many temples along theMalaprabha River are built in Kadamba architectural (Shikhara) style.

Badami

Kadamba style Mallikarjuna group of temples andBhutanatha group of temples[1](temple on adjacent small hill top) atBadami.

Hampi

Including Jain temples and two Shiva temples and many ruined temples onHemakuta hill atHampi built in Kadamba style of architecture.

Mahakuta

There are many shrines with Kadamba superstructure atMahakuta including Bhimeshwara ling temple, newly renovated temple outside main temple complex.

Bandalike

There are many temples and Basadis at Bandalike (Bandalika), it is about 35 km fromShikaripura including Shantinath basadi, Sahasralinga temple and Someshwara threemurthy temples those are of Rastrakutas and Kadambas period, temples built in Kadamba style of architecture.

Belgaum district
Uttara Kannada district
  • Including Madhukeshwara temple and Parvati temple many other temples atBanavasi has Kadamba style architecture (Shikhara).
  • Ratnatraya Basti at Bilgi a small village nearSiddapura, Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka.
  • The 12th and 14th century AD Shankara Narayana temple[2] at Haliyur and Venkataramana Swamy temple[3] at Muttinkere near Sonda in Sirsi taluk of Uttarkannada district.
  • Mallikarjuna Temple atHaliyal.
Hassan district
  • Yoga Narasimha temple at Holalu in Hassan district
  • The KadambaBettada Byreshwara Shiva temple built in black stone nearHanbal a hill station ofSakleshpur (in Western Ghats) in Hassan district.
  • The Kadamba style Keerthinarayana temple[4] is at Heragu in Hassan district.
Gadag district
Jain temple at Lakshmeshwara
  • The oldJain temple atLakshmeshwara has Kadamba shikara.
  • Trilingeshwara temple at Hosur in Gadag district
  • Narasimha temple Gadag, veera narayana temple complex Gadag
Haveri district
  • The Kere Someshwara Temple at Kalakeri in Hangal taluk of Haveri district,[6] is in Kadamba style architecture (Shikhara).
  • Basavann Temple in theChaudayyadanapura Mukteshwara temple complex, Haveri District.
  • Narasimha temple Narasapura nearChaudayyadanapura, Haveri District.
  • Veerabhadra temple Hale Honatti in Ranebennur taluk of Haveri district
Chikmagalur district
  • The Kadamba styleBhairaveshwara Temple at Byrapura, 22 km fromMudigere (in western ghats) in Chikmagalur district near to Kukke Subramanya.
  • Prasanna Rameshwara Temple Devarunda, Mudigere in Chikmagalur district
  • Malahanikareshvara, Bhavani templesshringeri.
Other parts of Karnataka
  • The 12th century AD Shiva temple at Udri Shimoga[5][7] built in Kadamba style architecture.
  • Mallikarjuna Temple and Neelakanteshwara Temple, Kalasi
  • Tryambakeshwara temple (Trikutachala) with Kadamba Shikhara at Kavital in Manvi taluk in Raichur district.
  • Jain temple[6] atBrahmagiri hill in Chitradurga district.
Other parts of India
Maharashtra
  • Panchaganga Temple at Kolhapur built in Kadamba style.
  • Mahabaleshwar Temple, Krishnai TempleMahabaleshwar in Maharashtra
  • Kaneri math kadamba style is in Karveer tehsil in Kolhapur district in Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
  • Temples at Srisailam built during Vijayanagara empire (byHarihara Raya) has Kadamba Shikhara.

Telangana

  • Papanasi group of temples atAlampur dedicated to Joglamba devi are built in Kadamba style architecture.
  • Chaya Someshwara temple at Panagal in Nalgonda.
  • Ramappa temple in Mulug district
  • Thousand pillar temple in Warangal

Chalukya-Kadamba architectural style

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  • The Uma Maheshwara temple[8] atHosagunda in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district.

Hoysala-Kadamba architectural style

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Kadamba-Yadava architectural style

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Temples with this style

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See also

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Gallery of Kadamba Shikhara

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toHemakuta temple hill complex.

References

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  1. ^"Kadamba Style Temple Architecture". Retrieved22 July 2011.
  2. ^The Kadamba Kula A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka Reprint Bombay 1931 Edition -Preface. byGeorge M. Moraes, H. Heras S.J.(Asian Educational Services). 1990.ISBN 9788120605954. Retrieved26 August 2013.
  3. ^"Kadambas of Banavasi". Retrieved22 July 2011.
  4. ^"Kadamba Architecture - Banavasi". Archived fromthe original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved23 August 2013.
  5. ^"Kamal Basti has Kadamba Nagara shikara". Archived fromthe original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved23 August 2013.
  6. ^"Six chosen for development as 'Heritage Cities' in State".The Hindu. 24 January 2008. Archived fromthe original on 29 January 2008. Retrieved3 September 2013.
  7. ^"Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)". Archived fromthe original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved25 October 2013.
  8. ^"Renovation work of Uma Maheshwara temple begins". Retrieved27 August 2013.
  9. ^"CHANNAKESVA TEMPLE TOGETHER WITH ADJACENT". Archived fromthe original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved27 August 2013.
  10. ^"Goa - Tambdi Surla Temple - Kadamba-Yadava architecture". Retrieved23 August 2013.
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