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K Line (Los Angeles Metro)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Light rail line in Los Angeles County, California

K Line
K Line test train running alongsideFlorence Avenue inInglewood, August 2022
Overview
Other namesCrenshaw/LAX Line
Green Line/C Line (south of Aviation/Century)
OwnerLos Angeles Metro
Line number807
Termini
Stations13
Websitemetro.net/riding/guide/k-line
Service
TypeLight rail
SystemLos Angeles Metro Rail
Depot(s)Division 16 (Westchester)
Division 22 (Hawthorne)
Rolling stockKinki Sharyo P3010 running in 1 or 2 car consists
Daily ridership7,916 (weekday, June 2025)Increase[1]
Ridership1,244,417 (2024)Increase 24.7%
History
OpenedOctober 7, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-10-07)[2]
Technical
Line length11 mi (18 km)[3]
Number of tracks2
CharacterAt-grade in exclusiveright of way, with underground and aerial sections
Track gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge
ElectrificationOverhead line750 V DC
Operating speed55 mph (89 km/h) (max.)
20 mph (32 km/h) (avg.)
Route map

TheK Line is alight rail line inLos Angeles County, California. It is one of six lines in theLos Angeles Metro Rail system operated byLos Angeles Metro, and is the newest named line in the system, having opened on October 7, 2022. The 11-mile (17.7 km) line runs roughly north-south betweenJefferson Park and the city ofRedondo Beach, passing through the neighborhoods ofWestchester,South Los Angeles, and the city ofInglewood. It also provides service to theLos Angeles International Airport through theLAX/Metro Transit Center.

As part of service changes implemented on November 3, 2024, in preparation for the opening of the LAX/Metro Transit Center, the segment of theC Line west ofAviation/Imperial station became part of the K Line.

Service description

[edit]

Route description

[edit]
South ofFairview Heights station, the K Line runs along theHarbor Subdivisionright of way

The northern terminus is atExpo/Crenshaw station, a transfer point to theE Line. The K Line station here is underground and does not provide a track connection to the at-grade E Line. Provisions are in place to allow the line toextend further north. The route followsCrenshaw Boulevard from Exposition Boulevard south to 67th Street. It travels underground in a one-mile (1.6 km)deep-bore tunnel, which transitions into an at-grade segment in the median of Crenshaw Boulevard (between 48th and 59th Streets) where trains run synchronized to existing traffic signals. From 59th and 67th Streets, the line returns underground into a shallowcut-and-cover tunnel for a half-mile (0.8 km).

South of there, the route emerges from the tunnel and enters theHarbor Subdivisionright of way, which runs parallel toFlorence Avenue andAviation Boulevard. The line mostly operates at-grade in this exclusive right-of-way, briefly transitioning onto elevated viaducts to cross over major thoroughfares includingLa Brea Avenue,Interstate 405 (I-405), andManchester Avenue. Near 96th Street, the K Line serves theLAX/Metro Transit Center, the western terminus of theC Line, which will function as a transfer point to the futureLAX Automated People Mover. Continuing south, the C and K lines cross overCentury Boulevard before briefly entering an open trench as they pass close to the LAX runways.[4] The lines eventually reach awye aboveImperial Highway west ofAviation/Imperial station, where the C Line splits off toNorwalk. The K Line then heads roughly south on an elevated structure throughEl Segundo before ending atRedondo Beach station.[5][6][7]

Hours and frequency

[edit]

K Line service hours are approximately from 4:30 a.m. until 12:00 a.m. daily. Trains operate every 10 minutes throughout most of the day. Trains run every 20 minutes after 8:00 p.m. every day and before 8:00 a.m. on weekends.[8]

Time4–7a8a–8p9p–12a
Weekdays1020
Weekends/Holidays201020

Station listing

[edit]

The K Line serves 13 stations. The following is the complete list of stations, from north to south:

StationOpenedCity (Neighborhood)Major connections and notes
Expo/CrenshawOctober 7, 2022[2]Los Angeles (Jefferson Park)E Line
Park and ride: 450 spaces (closed Sunday)
Martin Luther King Jr.Los Angeles (Baldwin Hills/Leimert Park)
Leimert ParkLos Angeles (Leimert Park)
Hyde ParkLos Angeles (Hyde Park)
Fairview HeightsInglewoodPark and ride: 200 spaces
Downtown Inglewood
Westchester/​VeteransLos Angeles (Westchester)
LAX/Metro Transit CenterJune 6, 2025[9]C Line
Los Angeles International AirportLAX viaLAX Shuttle
LAX Automated People Mover (2026)[10]
SoFi Stadium viashuttle bus
Aviation/CenturyNovember 3, 2024[6]C Line
MariposaAugust 12, 1995[a]El Segundo
El SegundoPark and ride: 93 spaces
DouglasPark and ride: 30 spaces
Redondo BeachHawthorne andRedondo Beach[b]Park and ride: 450 spaces
  1. ^The station opened with the C Line on August 12, 1995 and became part of the K Line on November 3, 2024.
  2. ^The station straddles two cities. The north end of the station is in the city of Hawthorne, and the south end of the station is in the city of Redondo Beach.

Ridership

[edit]
Annual ridership
YearRidership
2022257,765
2023998,245+287.3%
20241,148,255+15.0%
Source: Metro[11]

History

[edit]
Main article:History of Los Angeles Metro Rail and Busway

Early transit proposals

[edit]
To prepare for a LAX extension, Metro built two concrete ramp stubs west of the Aviation/LAX station.

Extending theC Line (formerly the Green Line) toLos Angeles International Airport was an early goal of Los Angeles transit planners. Studies in 1984 and 1988 outlined routes from the Aviation/LAX station, running northeast toLAX andWestchester, similar to later plans for the second phase of theSepulveda Transit Corridor.[12] Although planners planned to add a spur towards LAX, they did not include it over fears that commuters would not use the line if they had to go through the airport on the way to work.[13] The proposed extension to LAX was further complicated by concerns from theFederal Aviation Administration that theoverhead lines of the rail line would interfere with the landing paths of airplanes. Amid ambivalence at LAX and L.A. City Hall, the plans to extend the line to the airport were shelved.[14] To serve the once bustling aerospace sector in El Segundo, the line went south toRedondo Beach station.[13] Access to the airport requires connecting to a shuttle bus at the Aviation/LAX station.[15]

Crenshaw/LAX Line project

[edit]

A north–south line along Crenshaw Boulevard was planned following the1992 Los Angeles riots as a way to better serve transit-dependent residents in the corridor while at the same time providing stimulus for positive economic growth in theSouth Los Angeles region.[16] The corridor was originally served byLos Angeles RailwayLine 5 yellowstreetcars until 1955 when the service was replaced with buses.[16] The proposed line would link the E and C lines via Crenshaw and Florence, and a wye would be constructed to connect the K Line tracks to the C Line tracks near the Aviation/LAX station. There would also be a station serving the LAX Airport (Aviation/Century station), completing the LAX connection envisioned by planners in the 1980s.[17] The new line was championed by State SenatorDiane Watson and County SupervisorYvonne Brathwaite Burke, both representing portions of the corridor.

K Line test train crossesInterstate 405 in August 2022

AMajor Investment Study was initiated in 1993,[18] and after more than a decade of study, a Final Environmental Impact Report was completed in May 2011.[19] TheFTA gave its approval to build the line in 2012,[20] and heavy construction began in June 2014, funded byMeasure R.[21]Los Angeles County SupervisorMark Ridley-Thomas was a key advocate for tunneling and othergrade separation along the line. He also convinced Metro in 2013 to add an extra underground station atLeimert Park (Crenshaw/Vernon).[22][23][24][25]

The route was designated as the K Line in November 2019.[26] Originally scheduled to open in 2019, the project saw repeated delays. In April 2020, Metro announced that the completion date for the project would be pushed to no earlier than May 2021 due to construction issues. The support structures for bridges and tunnels had concreteplinths that were incorrectly installed, requiring extensive repairs to sections where tracks had already been installed.[27] The K Line was substantially complete on June 17, 2022.[28]

Even with the line's completion, it won't connect to the C Line or LAX until late 2024. Metro is currently constructing a new station at the LAX/Metro Transit Center, providing Metro riders a seamless transfer to theairport terminals via the LAX Automated People Mover system.[29][30][31] During construction, Metro is only operating the K Line from Expo/Crenshaw station to Westchester/Veterans station with a shuttle service providing passengers access to the LAX shuttle and the C Line at Aviation/LAX station.[32] The northern portion of the line ultimately opened on October 7, 2022.[2]

Integration with the C Line

[edit]
Graphics depicting the three options for future C and K Line service patterns. Option 2 was officially chosen in June 2023.

Varying service patterns have been proposed for integrating the completed K Line into the rest of the system over the course of its planning and construction, all of which have involved sharing trackage and infrastructure facilities with the existing C Line. Although some early proposals would have sent trains through all three directions of the wye, this was rejected by Metro because it would cause too much wear and tear on thetrack switch mechanisms.[33][34]

The debate over service patterns proved somewhat contentious.[35] In 2018, with the line then scheduled to open within the year, the Metro board of directors overrode a recommendation by operations staff that would have had a single line operating between Expo/Crenshaw andNorwalk station. Passengers from the Redondo Beach area would have been served by a shuttle to the LAX area, where they would need to transfer to another train to continue east or north. Instead, board members approved a one-year pilot of a configuration that would combine an Expo-to-Norwalk line with another line that would connect Redondo Beach withWillowbrook/Rosa Parks station, allowing transfers to theA andJ Lines.[36][37] The approved plan would have incurred higher operating expenses but board members argued it would retain better transfer opportunities forSouth Bay residents.[38]

Ongoing construction delays led to a reassessment of that plan in 2022. Metro recommended public outreach aimed at reformulating the operating plan before the connection to the C Line opens in 2024;[39] in March 2023, Metro indicated that it would recommend Option 2 in the figure above, in which the K Line would run north–south between Expo/Crenshaw and Redondo Beach, while the C Line would run west-east between LAX and Norwalk.[40] On June 22, 2023, Metro's board of directors officially approved the implementation ofOption 2 based on staff recommendation and public opinion.[5]

LAX/Metro Transit Center

[edit]
The LAX/Metro Transit Center platform on opening day

The line was from its inception intended to offer a connection to LAX via an Automated People Mover (APM). However, at the time the line was designed, it was unclear where exactly that connection would take place. While Metro expected that the connection would be at Aviation/Century station, ultimately the route chosen for theLAX Automated People Mover intersected with the new line at 96th Street, about half a mile to the north, requiring the design of an additional station while the overall line was still under construction.

In 2014, Metro approved the planning and scoping of this station, which was called Aviation/96th station and the Airport Metro Connector in planning documents but was ultimately designated theLAX/Metro Transit Center.[41][42] This station was intended to serve as Metro Rail's main gateway to the airport itself, while the Aviation/Century station will serve destinations along the busyCentury Boulevard corridor.

While initial plans called for the full length of the project to be opened for service while the LAX/Metro Transit Center was under development, delays in the opening of the main line meant that major construction on the station was already underway by the time the line was ready. As a result, the line opened on October 7, 2022 only fromExpo/Crenshaw station toWestchester/Veterans station.[2]

TheC Line and K lines began operating along their final service patterns on November 3, 2024, withAviation/Century station opening.[6] However, the segment of both lines between Westchester/Veterans station and Aviation/Century station, including the LAX/Metro Transit Center, would not provide passenger service for a period of pre-revenue testing before the LAX/Metro Transit Center opened.[39][43][7] The LAX/Metro Transit Center opened on June 6, 2025.[9]

Platform extensions

[edit]

While the stations on the K Line were built to accommodate three-car trains, the former C Line stations built south ofInterstate 105 were only built to accommodate two-car trains. To enable increased capacity of the line, Metro plans to lengthen the platforms atAviation/Imperial station,Mariposa station,Douglas station, andRedondo Beach station. The project would also add traction power substations and replace catenary wire and track ties.[44] In April 2023, the state awarded Metro $95 million for the project, which is expected to cost $141 million. The project is expected to be complete in time for the 2028 Summer Olympics.[45]

Future developments

[edit]

Southern extension to South Bay

[edit]
Main article:C Line Extension
The future South Bay C Line Extension will extend the Metro K Line from these stub tracks at the southern end of the Redondo Beach station toTorrance.

Los Angeles Metro is currently working on the initial environmental study of a corridor extension of the K Line from its Redondo Beach terminus toward the southeast. TheC Line Extension would roughly follow theHarbor Subdivision ROW into the South Bay, to theTorrance Regional Transit Center (RTC).[46]Metro and the public are considering two alternatives in the DEIR: an elevated light-rail extension along Hawthorne Boulevard, and an at-grade extension along a BNSF line beside Condon Avenue. The study of the South Bay Extension will lead to the publication of a DraftEnvironmental Impact Report (DEIR). The study was expected to be completed in 2011. The project was placed on hold in the spring of 2012 due to uncertain funding. With the passage of Measure M in 2016, $619 million was cited for the Green Line Extension south, and the study resumed. The DEIR was released in January 2023.[47] The study area includes the former Harbor Subdivision right of way. The extension study includes theRedondo Beach station to theTorrance Transit Center, a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) extension study area.[48]

In January 2026, Metro's Planning and Programming Committee was scheduled to consider certifying the FEIR for the project at its January 14, 2026 meeting.[49] However, the committee voted to postpone the certification decision to the board of directors' meeting on January 22, 2026, following political opposition from local residents,[50] with the board ultimately unanimously approving Alternative 3 as the LPA instead of the Hybrid Alternative.[51]

The project became an extension of the K Line upon the completion ofAviation/Century station, along with its associated service changes, on November 3, 2024, though Metro has yet to change the project's official name.[6]

Northern extension to Hollywood

[edit]
Main article:K Line Northern Extension
Map of the study area of the K Line Northern Extension Project

The original plans for the Crenshaw/LAX Line project connectedWilshire Boulevard to Los Angeles International Airport. However, oncelight rail was selected as the preferred mode, the cost for the entire route exceeded the project budget, so part of the corridor north of Exposition Boulevard was deferred until funds became available.

The final design for the Crenshaw/LAX project included a tunneled station atExpo/Crenshaw to accommodate a potential northward extension, which increased the cost of the original project by $236 million.[52]

With the passage ofMeasure M and the enthusiastic support of the city ofWest Hollywood, the K Line Northern Extension, which would travel north from the current Expo/Crenshaw terminus, connecting along the way to theB andD lines, is currently under development. Three options are being studied, all ending at the B Line'sHollywood/Highland station, with an optional station at theHollywood Bowl also being considered. The San Vicente Alternative, also known as the hybrid alternative, followsCrenshaw Boulevard andSan Vicente Boulevard, turning north onFairfax Avenue to serveThe Original Farmers Market andTelevision City before turning onBeverly Boulevard to connect back to San Vicente Boulevard nearCedars-Sinai Medical Center towardsWest Hollywood atPacific Design Center. Finally, serving new stations onSanta Monica Boulevard, the route curves north again towardsHollywood. The other two options follow a traditional north–south routing on either Fairfax Avenue orLa Brea Avenue.

Operations

[edit]

On Metro Rail's internal timetables, the K Line is called line807.

Maintenance

[edit]

The K Line is operated out of Division 22 (Hawthorne Yard & Shop) and Division 16 (Southwestern Yard). These yards store the fleet used on the K Line. Light maintenance is performed on the fleet in Division 22, while heavier maintenance is conducted in Division 16. Division 22 is located betweenRedondo Beach andDouglas stations. Trains enter the yard via a junction halfway between the two stations. Northbound trains may enter, but there is no exit track to continue north. Southbound trains may enter and exit the yard to continue south. Division 16 is located inWestchester, directly east of the northern runways ofLos Angeles International Airport (LAX), and adjacent to theLAX/Metro Transit Center. Trains access the yard via crossovers from the north and south sides of the yard.

A northbound K Line train inHyde Park

Rolling stock

[edit]

As of 2024, theKinki Sharyo P3010 is the only rolling stock to serve the K Line. Trains run in one- or two-car consists. Metro is planning to extend the platforms south ofAviation/Century station to be able to eventually accommodate up to three-car trains.[44]

Incident

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Interactive Estimated Ridership Stats". Los Angeles Metro. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  2. ^abcdPatel, Tine (October 7, 2022)."LA Metro's new K Line opens today". CBS.Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. RetrievedOctober 7, 2022.
  3. ^"Facts At A Glance".Los Angeles Metro. November 12, 2024. RetrievedDecember 14, 2024.
  4. ^Cho, Aileen (January 31, 2018)."Above, Below and Through: How They Build L.A.'s New Light Rail Line".Engineering News-Record.Archived from the original on October 3, 2022. RetrievedOctober 3, 2022.
  5. ^ab"Board of Directors - Regular Board Meeting".Metro. RetrievedJune 23, 2023.
  6. ^abcdHymon, Steve (October 14, 2024)."Changes are coming Sunday, Nov. 3, to the C and K Lines as we open the new Aviation/Century Station".Los Angeles Metro The Source. RetrievedOctober 16, 2024.
  7. ^ab"Two big changes are coming soon to the C and K Lines Nov. 3".Instagram.Los Angeles Metro. RetrievedOctober 22, 2024.
  8. ^"K Line Timetable"(PDF). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 6, 2025. RetrievedJune 8, 2025.
  9. ^abLinton, Joe (June 6, 2025)."Metro's LAX Mega-Station is Open".Streetsblog Los Angeles.OpenPlans. RetrievedJune 6, 2025.
  10. ^"Fitch Downgrades LINXS (LAX People Mover Project) Sr Revs to BB+; Rating Outlook Negative".Fitch Ratings. January 19, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2024.
  11. ^"Metro Ridership".Metro.net.Los Angeles Metro. May 2024. RetrievedJune 16, 2024.
  12. ^COASTAL CORRIDOR RAIL TRANSIT PROJECT NORTH SEGMENT(PDF).Metro (Report). Bechtel. August 1988.Archived(PDF) from the original on October 24, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 1, 2020.
  13. ^abSimon, Richard (August 12, 1995)."Is New Green Line a Road to Nowhere?".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. RetrievedOctober 10, 2020.
  14. ^Hymon, Steve (August 12, 2020)."The Green Line is 25 years old. Some thoughts on that".The Source.Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. RetrievedOctober 29, 2021.
  15. ^"LAWA Official Site | commuteLAX".www.lawa.org. RetrievedDecember 26, 2023.
  16. ^abBarrett, Matthew (2014)."Los Angeles Transportation Transit History – South LA"(PDF).Los Angeles Metro.Archived(PDF) from the original on March 20, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 28, 2021.
  17. ^"Crenshaw Transit Corridor Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA)"(PDF). Metro (LACMTA). December 2009.Archived(PDF) from the original on June 29, 2011. RetrievedAugust 20, 2010.
  18. ^"Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor (project website)". Metro (LACMTA). June 27, 2013.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2013.
  19. ^"Planning & Programming Committee Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Adopt the Locally Preferred Alternative Maintenance Facility Site"(PDF). Metro (LACMTA). April 20, 2011.Archived(PDF) from the original on April 7, 2012. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2014.
  20. ^"FTA approves L.A. Metro light rail project".Metro Magazine. January 5, 2012.Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2014.
  21. ^"Measure R". Metro (LACMTA).Archived from the original on August 26, 2010. RetrievedAugust 30, 2010.
  22. ^Ridley-Thomas, Mark (December 2009)."MTA Board Unanimously Adopts $1.7 Billion Crenshaw To LAX Transit Corridor Light Rail System Championed By Supervisor Ridley-Thomas".Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. RetrievedAugust 20, 2010.
  23. ^"Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Project Park Mesa Heights Grade Separation Analysis"(PDF). Metro (LACMTA). September 16, 2010.Archived(PDF) from the original on March 25, 2012. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2013.
  24. ^"Board votes to add Leimert Park Village station to Crenshaw/LAX Line — if the funds can be found".The Source. Metro (LACMTA). May 26, 2011.Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2013.
  25. ^Thomas, Mark Ridley."Ridley-Thomas Executive Summary"(PDF). p. 25. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on December 26, 2023. RetrievedDecember 25, 2023.
  26. ^"Letter Line ID Project"(PDF). Metro (LACMTA).Archived(PDF) from the original on April 26, 2020. RetrievedJuly 23, 2020.
  27. ^Nelson, Laura J. (April 10, 2020)."Construction problems delay Metro's $2-billion Crenshaw Line opening until 2021".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. RetrievedApril 10, 2020.
  28. ^@numble (July 28, 2022)."June 2022 status report for LA Metro's K Line (Crenshaw)".X (formerly Twitter). RetrievedNovember 27, 2023.
  29. ^"Airport Metro Connector". Metro (LACMTA).Archived from the original on May 20, 2015. RetrievedMay 21, 2015.
  30. ^Hymon, Steve (June 18, 2018)."Report explains operating plan for Crenshaw/LAX Line and Green Line".metro.net.Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. RetrievedDecember 6, 2018.
  31. ^Nelson, Laura J. (June 26, 2014)."Train station to connect Metro rail lines with LAX approved".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on May 16, 2015. RetrievedMay 21, 2015.
  32. ^Metro (LACMTA)."C and K Line Link". RetrievedNovember 26, 2023.
  33. ^Sumers, Brian (January 21, 2014)."Metro breaks ground on new $2 billion L.A. Crenshaw/LAX Line".Daily Breeze.Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. RetrievedJanuary 31, 2016.
  34. ^"City Council approves long-awaited people mover to LAX".Los Angeles Times. April 11, 2018.Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. RetrievedApril 12, 2018.
  35. ^"Crenshaw/LAX Line Operations Plan Being Debated, Will Affect Green Line".streetsblog.org. June 22, 2018.Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. RetrievedDecember 6, 2018.
  36. ^Chiland, Elijah (July 3, 2018)."Will the Crenshaw Line strand South Bay riders?".Curbed LA.Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. RetrievedDecember 6, 2018.
  37. ^StreetsblogLA (December 6, 2018)."Metro bd mtg: Barger votes yes. Hahn Crenshaw/Green C3 motion passes 7-4-2 (Ridley-Thomas, Kuehl abstained)".twitter.com.Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. RetrievedDecember 6, 2018.
  38. ^"Crenshaw/LAX Line and Green Line Operating Plan Presentation – Sports Competitions – American Football".Scribd.Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. RetrievedDecember 6, 2018.
  39. ^ab"Crenshaw/LAX Line Operating Plan Update"(PDF).Los Angeles Metro. April 21, 2022.Archived(PDF) from the original on May 12, 2022. RetrievedMay 10, 2022.
  40. ^"C & K Line Operating Plan Update"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on March 6, 2023. RetrievedMarch 17, 2023.
  41. ^Hymon, Steve (June 18, 2018)."Report explains operating plan for Crenshaw/LAX Line and Green Line".metro.net.Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. RetrievedDecember 6, 2018.
  42. ^Nelson, Laura J. (June 26, 2014)."Train station to connect Metro rail lines with LAX approved".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on May 16, 2015. RetrievedMay 21, 2015.
  43. ^"2024-0212 - STAFFING REQUEST FOR LAX/METRO TRANSIT CENTER OPENING AND RELATED C AND K LINE RECONFIGURATION".Los Angeles Metro. RetrievedAugust 29, 2024.
  44. ^abSharp, Steven (January 14, 2020)."Metro Seeks State Funds to Extend Green Line Platforms".Urbanize Los Angeles. RetrievedApril 7, 2023.
  45. ^Steven, Sharp (April 25, 2023)."State awards more funding for L.A. area transportation projects".Urbanize Los Angeles. RetrievedApril 25, 2023.
  46. ^Brightwell, Eric (October 13, 2013)."Exploring The South Bay Metro Green Line Extension".KCET. Archived fromthe original on November 21, 2013. RetrievedNovember 18, 2013.
  47. ^"Green Line Extension to Torrance".Archived from the original on November 17, 2019. RetrievedNovember 20, 2019.
  48. ^"Project 2018-0317".Archived from the original on January 3, 2019. RetrievedNovember 20, 2019.
  49. ^"Metro Board to consider advancing C Line Extension to Torrance and Sepulveda Transit Corridor at January meeting".The Source.Metro. January 9, 2026. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2026.
  50. ^Linton, Joe (January 14, 2026)."Metro Committee Approves Sepulveda Rail Alignment, Postpones Torrance Rail Approval".Streetsblog LA.OpenPlans. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2026.
  51. ^Armstrong, Madeline (January 22, 2026)."LA Metro board approves K Line extension to Torrance along Hawthorne Boulevard".Daily Breeze.MediaNews Group. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2026.
  52. ^"Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Project Final Environmental Impact Report/Final Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary"(PDF). Metro (LACMTA). August 2011. p. ES-26.Archived(PDF) from the original on February 1, 2014. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2014.
  53. ^"New footage shows Metro train smash into concrete truck stuck on tracks in Inglewood".ABC7 Los Angeles. KABC Television, LLC. February 18, 2023.Archived from the original on March 6, 2023. RetrievedMarch 6, 2023.

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