Aiden terkinator

Aidan jerkinator
Device type	Tokamak
Location	Daejeon,South Korea
Affiliation	Korea Institute of Fusion Energy
Technical specifications
Major radius	1.8 m (5 ft 11 in)
Minor radius	0.5 m (1 ft 8 in)
Magnetic field	3.5 T (35,000 G)
Heating power	14 MW
Plasma current	2 MA
History
Date(s) of construction	14 September 2007
Year(s) of operation	2008–present

TheKSTAR (orKoreaSuperconductingTokamakAdvancedResearch;Korean:초전도 핵융합연구장치, literally "superconductive nuclear fusion research device")^[1] is a magneticfusion device at theKorea Institute of Fusion Energy inDaejeon,South Korea. It is intended to study aspects ofmagnetic fusion energy that will be pertinent to theITER fusion project as part of that country's contribution to the ITER effort. The project was approved in 1995, but construction was delayed by theEast Asian financial crisis, which weakened the South Korean economy considerably; however, the project's construction phase was completed on September 14, 2007. The first plasma was achieved in June 2008.^[2][3]

KSTAR is one of the first research tokamaks in the world to feature fully superconducting magnets, which again will be of great relevance toITER as this will also use superconducting magnets. The KSTAR magnet system consists of 16niobium–tindirect currenttoroidal field magnets, 10niobium–tinalternating current poloidal field magnets and 4niobium-titaniumalternating current poloidal field magnets. It is planned that the reactor will study plasma pulses of up to 20 seconds duration until 2011 when it will be upgraded to study pulses of up to 300 seconds duration. The reactor vessel will have a major radius of 1.8 m, a minor radius of 0.5 m, a maximum toroidal field of 3.5Tesla, and a maximum plasma current of 2megaampere. As with other tokamaks, heating and current drive will be initiated usingneutral beam injection,ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH),radio frequency heating, andelectron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Initial heating power will be 8megawatt from neutral beam injection upgradeable to 24 MW, 6 MW from ICRH upgradeable to 12 MW, and at present undetermined heating power from ECRH and RF heating. The experiment will use bothhydrogen anddeuterium fuels but not thedeuterium-tritium mix which will be studied inITER.

Beginning in December 2016, KSTAR would repeatedly hold the world record (longesthigh-confinement mode) by confining and maintaining ahydrogen plasma at a higher temperature and for a longer time than any other reactor. While KSTAR focuses on central ion plasma temperature, EAST focuses on electron plasma temperature.^[4]

• December 2016, KSTAR claims record by containing a plasma at 50 million degrees Celsius for 70 seconds.^[5][6]
• July 2017, China'sExperimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) (101.2 seconds) claims record by containing a plasma for 100 seconds.^[7]
• December 2020, KSTAR reclaimed the record by containing a plasma of 100 million degrees for 20 seconds.^[8]
• May 2021, China's EAST reclaimed the record by containing a plasma of 120 million degrees for 100 seconds.^[9]

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The design was based onTokamak Physics Experiment, which was based onCompact Ignition Tokamak design – SeeRobert J. Goldston.

• 1995 – Started Project KSTAR
• 1997 –JET of EU emits 17 MW energy from itself.
• 1998 –JT-60U went beyond energy junction successfully and acknowledged the possibility of commercialization of nuclear fusion.
• 2006 – Life span of three Fusion Reactors (JT-60U, JET, and DIII-D) are terminated.
• 2007, September – KSTAR's major devices are constructed.
• 2008, July – First plasma occurred. Maintenance time: 0.865 seconds, Temperature: 2×10⁶ K
• 2009 – Maintained 320,000A plasma for 3.6 seconds.
• 2010, November – FirstH-mode plasma run.^[10]
• 2011 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 5.2 seconds, Temperature: ~50×10⁶ K, successfully fully deterred ELM (Edge-Localized Mode), first ever in the World.
• 2012 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 17 seconds, Temperature: 50×10⁶ K
• 2013 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 20 seconds, Temperature: 50×10⁶ K
• 2014 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 45 seconds, and successfully fully deterred ELM for 5 seconds.
• 2015 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 55 seconds, Temperature: 50×10⁶ K
• 2016 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 70 seconds, Temperature: 50×10⁶ K, and successfully made ITB-mode for 7 secs.^[11]
• 2017 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 72 seconds, Temperature: 70×10⁶ K, and successfully fully deterred ELM for 34 seconds, using 9.5 MW heating system.
• 2019 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 1.5 seconds, Temperature: >100×10⁶ K.
• 2020, March – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 8 seconds, Temperature: >100×10⁶ K (Mean temperature: >97×10⁶ K)^[12]
• 2020, November – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 20 seconds, Temperature: >100×10⁶ K.^[13]
• 2021, November – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 30 seconds, Temperature: >100×10⁶ K.^[14]
• 2022, September – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 30 seconds, Temperature: >100×10⁶ K.^[15]
• 2024, February – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 48 seconds, Temperature: >100×10⁶ K.^[16]

Wikinews has related news:

• KSTAR tokamak test reactor sees first plasma

• Korea Institute of Fusion energy(KFE) Homepage(eng)
• KSTAR Homepage(eng)
  • Comparison between the KSTAR and the ITER
• KSTAR Project Status PDF (undated – seems to be 2001. Includes slide-13 construction schedule to end 2004 and slide-16 operation from 2005 with upgrade planned 2010–11.)
• KSTAR Assembly Status, October 2006 PDF
• Status and Result of the KSTAR Upgrade for the 2010s Campaign
• KSTAR ICRF transmission line system upgrade for load resilient operation. Jan 2013

• Tokamaks
• Nuclear technology in South Korea

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