Association for Service to the New Philippines Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas | |
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| Abbreviation | KALIBAPI |
| Leader | Directors-General: Benigno S. Aquino(1942–1943) Camilo Osías(1943–1945) |
| Secretary-General | Pio Duran |
| Founder | Philippine Executive Commission |
| Founded | December 8, 1942 (1942-12-08) |
| Dissolved | 1945 (1945) |
| Headquarters | Manila,Second Philippine Republic |
| Ideology | Filipino nationalism National conservatism Fascism[1][2][3][4] Japanophilia[5] |
| Political position | Far-right[6] |
| Anthem | "Da I Atiw Ng Kalibapi" ("March Of The Kalibapi") |
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TheKapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (lit. 'Association for Service to the New Philippines'),[5][7][8] orKALIBAPI, was afascist[1][2][3][4]Filipinopolitical party that served as the sole party of state during theJapanese occupation. It was intended to be a Filipino version of Japan's governingImperial Rule Assistance Association.[9]
Formed by thePhilippine Executive Commission (Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas) under the leadership ofJorge Vargas, the party was created by Proclamation No. 109 of the PEC, a piece of legislation passed on December 8, 1942, banning all existing political parties and creating the new governing alliance.[10] The Japanese had already dissolved all political parties on the islands, even including the pro-JapaneseGanap Party, and established KALIBAPI as a mass movement designed to support the occupation whilst taking advantage ofFilipino nationalism in the region.[11] Inaugurated on December 30, 1942, the death anniversary of Filipino writer and national heroJosé Rizal, "to emphasize the patriotic basis of the organization",[12] the party was headed by its Director-GeneralBenigno S. Aquino withPio Duran as Secretary-General and effective second in command and Ganap leaderBenigno Ramos as a member of the executive committee.[13] The three toured the Philippines, setting up local party organisations and promoting the "new order in East Asia" at mass meetings.[14]
For the Japanese, KALIBAPI served as a labour recruitment service in its initial stages before taking on an expanded role in mid 1943. It was left to KALIBAPI to write the new constitution and establish the newNational Assembly, resulting in Aquino's appointment as Speaker (as his replacement as Director-General byCamilo Osías).[14] All 54 members of the Assembly were KALIBAPI members, although 33 of them had held elected office before the invasion as well.[15] KALIBAPI soon claimed a membership that ran into the hundreds of thousands.[2] The islands were declared officially independent as theSecond Philippine Republic on October 14, 1943, under the Presidency ofJosé P. Laurel and his KALIBAPI government.[16] This had been accomplished through thePreparatory Committee for Philippine Independence, which KALIBAPI had established in mid-1943 under Japanese direction.[17]
Taking a highly nationalistic standpoint, KALIBAPI was active in initiatives to promote theTagalog language as a central feature of Filipino identity. To this end a pared-down, 1000 word version of the language was promoted to be learned rapidly by those not yet versed in the language.[18] The general nationalism of Laurel's government strained relations with Japan, particularly as Laurel had refused to declare war on the United States and United Kingdom.[16] As such, the Japanese instructed Ramos to form a new group,Makapili, in November 1944 to give more tangible military support to the Japanese.[19]
KALIBAPI disappeared after theJapanese surrender with some of its leaders arrested for collaboration and treason. No former KALIBAPI candidates ran for office in the1946 general election, and some of those not arrested went into hiding in Philippines, exile in Japan, or were executed by vengeful Filipinos or the communist-alignedHukbalahap members.
It was inaugurated on December 30, 1942, the death anniversary of Philippine national hero José Rizal, to emphasize the patriotic basis of the organization.
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