Jupiter is agas giant. It is the fifth and largest planet in the Solar System.
Jupiter analogues, also known asJupiter-like planets, areexoplanets that are similar to the planetJupiter, the fifth and largest planet in theSolar System. They are often defined asplanets that has at least 1Jupiter mass or larger and orbits its hoststar at a distance 3 to 12astronomical units (AU), roughly one to a few times that of the systemssnow line. The lower limit of mass for Jupiter-like planets is not well defined as it can be as low of 0.8-0.3 Jupiter masses to include planets likeSaturn.[1]
While the exact formation of Jupiter-like exoplanets are not known,[2] models of gas giantplanet formation predict that Jupiter-like planets should easily form aroundstars similar to theSun throughcore-accretion mechanisms. This therefore should make planets similar to Jupiter a common occurrence in theuniverse with roughly 6-20% of Sun-like stars having Jupiter-like planets. But this number varies from low rates like 6.9% to higher rates like 25%.[1][clarification needed] It has been found that Jupiter analogues are very rare in mid to late typeM-dwarf stars with 0.1-0.3 solar masses.[3] There has been some detections of Jupiter-like planets around red dwarf stars such asTOI-4860b with 0.67 Jupiter masses.[4]
The time it takes for form Jupiter-like planets is typically 3-5 million years but some estimates place the formation of Jupiter-like exoplanets to around 1-2 million years.[5]
A simulation model of theNice model ofSolar System evolution. It involves the rapid migration of thegas giants and theice giant planets. This had profound effect on the structure of the modern Solar System.
Jupiter has played a major role in theevolution of the Solar System, determining much of its structure and the configuration of Solar System bodies. It is likely that Jupiter-like exoplanets play a similar role in their systems.[2]
With their common occurrence and their increased chance of detection, there are many exoplanets discovered that have been classed as Jupiter analogues.[citation needed]
The nearby exoplanetEpsilon Eridani b, 10.5 light-years away, has been described as "a remarkably close analog to our own planet Jupiter" and "one of the closest analogs to a Solar System planet yet detected around a nearby star".[6] Kepler-167e is a exoplanet orbiting theK-type main sequence starKepler-167. Its mass and radius is very similar to Jupiter with about 1 Jupiter mass and 0.9 Jupiter radii.[7] Around the youngF-type main sequence star51 Eridani, there is a Jupiter-like planet named51 Eridani b. This exoplanet has been directly imaged.[8]
^Triaud, Amaury H M J; Dransfield, Georgina; Kagetani, Taiki; Timmermans, Mathilde; Narita, Norio; Barkaoui, Khalid; Hirano, Teruyuki; Rackham, Benjamin V; Mori, Mayuko; Baycroft, Thomas; Benkhaldoun, Zouhair; Burgasser, Adam J; Caldwell, Douglas A; Collins, Karen A; Davis, Yasmin T (2023-10-11)."An M dwarf accompanied by a close-in giant orbiter with SPECULOOS".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters.525 (1):L98 –L104.arXiv:2308.02253.doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad097.ISSN1745-3925.
^Thompson, William; Nielsen, Eric; Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste; Blunt, Sarah; Marois, Christian (2025-02-27). "Revised Mass and Orbit of $\varepsilon$ Eridani b: A 1 Jupiter-Mass Planet on a Near-Circular Orbit".The Astronomical Journal.arXiv:2502.20561.
