June 11, 1913: Ottoman Grand Vizier Shefket Pasha assassinated in drive-by shootingJune 8, 1913: British suffragette leader Emily Davison killed in Epsom Derby accidentJune 7, 1913: Four-man team becomes first to climb to the top of North America's highest mountainJune 12, 1913: New bridge transforms Miami, Florida, into world-famous tourist attraction
After U.S. PresidentWoodrow Wilson warned the public about the money being spent by lobbyists to fight tariff reform, theUnited States Senate ordered its Judiciary Committee to prepare a report with "the names of all lobbyists attempting to influence such pending legislation and the methods that they have employed to accomplish their ends."[This quote needs a citation] Over the next six days, the 96 Senators were required to appear before a special subcommittee and to state, under oath, whether they had a financial interest in the outcome of any pending bills.[2]
The last known specimen of theCanary Islands oystercatcher (Haematopus meadewaldoi) was caught, then released, by British ornithologistDavid Armitage Bannerman. Possible sightings were reported as late as the 1960s, but the bird is considered extinct.[8]
Russian composerIgor Stravinsky and his wife Yekaterina ate oysters for dinner, and then fell ill withtyphus and were incapacitated for more than a month.[11]
SuffragetteEmily Davison was fatally injured when she ran in front of Anmer, the racehorse owned byKing George, in the running of theEpsom Derby. Davison came from out of the stands, ducked under a railing and past police, and ran out in front of the horse, who was in last place.Herbert Jones, who was riding Anmer, was thrown and knocked unconscious for two hours, while Davison was trampled by the horse and never woke up.[13] She died four days later.[14]
TheEpsom Derby was won byAboyeur, who had 100 to 1 odds against him and had finished in second place behind the favorite, Cragonour. After Cragonour was announced as the winner, an objection was raised by race stewards, because American jockey Johnnie Reiff had bumped other horses on the way to the finish.[15]
InChicago, world heavyweight boxing championJack Johnson was sentenced to one year and one day in prison atJoliet, Illinois, after being found guilty of violating theMann Act. He was also given two weeks to seek a reconsideration.[18]
Prince Albert Frederick George, the 17-year-old son of KingGeorge V, and the future KingGeorge VI, made his first visit to theUnited States, crossing the border fromCanada intoNiagara Falls, New York. Prince Albert, who was inCanada with 60 cadets from HMSCumberland, was not immediately recognized in the crowd, but told reporters later that "This is my first trip to the continent and the first time I have stood under the Stars and Stripes on American soil."[26]
ArchdeaconHudson Stuck and a team of mountaineers (Harry Karstens,Robert Tatum andWalter Harper) became the first persons to reach the top ofNorth America's highest mountain, the 20,310 feet (6,190 m) high Mount McKinley (nowDenali) inAlaska. Harper, born in Alaska and son of anAthabaskan mother, was the first of the group to reach the summit. The feat was reported on June 20.[29]
The world's largest swimming pool, as wide as a city block (400 feet, 120 m) and twice as long (600 feet, 180 m), opened atPalisades Amusement Park inNew Jersey. The pool, made of cement, was constructed by park owners and brothersNicholas andJoseph M. Schenck.[31]
TheSupreme Court of the United States upheld the constitutionality of the law requiring newspapers to publish statements of circulation and ownership, and to mark advertising plainly.[10]
Turkish Grand VizierMahmud Shevket Pasha was assassinated inIstanbul. Shefket Pasha was being driven from the Ministry of War in a car, when another car pulled alongside him and ten shots were fired.Said Halim Pasha, the Foreign Minister, was appointed as his successor.[39] Twelve "real or alleged plotters" were arrested, and hanged on June 24.[40]
Spanish gunboatCañonero General Concha ran aground due to dense fog in hostile Moroccan territory nearAlhucemas,Spanish Morocco where they were set upon byKabyle rebels. The crew of 53 held off the rebels for 15 hours before they were rescued by theSpanish Navy, afterwards the boat was shelled and sunk. In the wreck and ensuing fight, the crew suffered 16 dead, 17 injured and 11 taken prisoner.[43]
A record of 36 hours underwater was set by theCage, a submarine invented by John Milton Cage Sr., who had taken the boat down at 5:00 am the day prior, along with five other men.[44]
The German ocean linerSS Imperator, largest in the world at the time, was launched fromHamburg.[45]
Even as both nations were preparing to go to war with each other,Serbia andBulgaria agreed to Russian arbitration of their dispute over the territories captured during theFirst Balkan War.[47]
Billed as "the longest wooden bridge in the world", the 2.5 mile longCollins Bridge opened, turning the small town ofMiami,Florida (1910 population 5,471) into a premier resort area by makingMiami Beach more accessible to tourists. Previously, the beach could only be reached from the mainland by ferry boat and was impractical as an investment.[49]
John Randolph Bray, an American animator, premiered the innovative cartoonThe Artist's Dream, which an author would later say was "the forerunner of the cartoon vogue" as the first popular animated film.[50]
TheUnited States Senate Committee on Woman Suffrage reported favorably on a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution providing that the right to vote shall not be denied because of gender.[51]
The U.S. government successfully broke up the monopoly held by gunpowder manufacturerE.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. The corporation was split into three competing companies,DuPont (which would diversify into chemical manufacturing),Hercules Powder Company and Atlas Powder Company.[52] On the same day, the DuPont Cellophane Company, of which DuPont had 52% ownership of, was formed in partnership with a French consortium for the American manufacturing of transparentcellophane sheets.[53]
Eleven construction workers for the Bradley Contracting Company were killed in the cave-in of new subways underneath Fifty-sixth Street inNew York City.[59]
The GermanbattlecruiserDerfflinger, first of its class and the most powerful Germanbattleship up to that time, was launched. Moments after it was christened by the wife of GeneralAugust von Mackensen, the ship moved only fifteen inches down the skids before it came to a halt, jammed because of a defect in one of the sledges.[60][page needed]
The South African government passed the Immigration Act, which restricted the immigration of people from India.[61][page needed]
The funeral procession forEmily Davison, an English suffragette who was trampled by a horse while protesting at theEpsom Derby on the 4th of June 1913, was held. Thousands of suffragettes marched from Buckingham Palace Road to St George's Church where Miss Davison's body was laid to rest.[62]
Driven out by shelling from American and Philippine troops during theBattle of Bud Bagsak, the 500Moro defenders made a charge against the firepower of the Pershing contingent's artillery, and were killed. Pershing's troops sustained 27 casualties.[65] The uneven battle brought an end to the Moro resistance with the deaths of 2,000 Moro defenders, including women and children, as well as the death of 340 American troops.[66]
Kaiser Wilhelm celebrated the 25th anniversary of his ascension to the throne in 1888. "Twenty-five years of peace," the Kaiser told American industrialist and peace delegateAndrew Carnegie, "and I hope there will be twenty-five more."[42]The German Empire would enterWorld War I less than fourteen months later. Half a million people lined the streets ofBerlin to cheer the Kaiser and the Kaiserin. The Kaiser proclaimed an amnesty for "those whose misdeeds were committed through poverty or while in a state of irresponsibility," and for Army and Navy men punished for most violations of regulations.[69]
Governor-GeneralCharles Lutaud abolished the requirement for natives to obtain travel permits withinFrench Algeria, or from Algeria to mainlandFrance.[75]
John Ernest Williamson, whose father had invented a transparent diving bell called the "photosphere", became the first person to take photographs from beneath the ocean surface, by taking a camera with him and snapping pictures while underwater inside the bell.[77]
The Hamburg-American ocean linerImperator, the largest ship in the world, arrived safely in New York on its maiden transatlantic voyage.[78]
TheParliament of South Africa passed theNatives Land Act, defining which areas could be owned by white South Africans, and which by black South Africans. Black South Africans were barred from purchasing or owning white persons' property.[79][80][page needed]
Italian occupation forces fought a fierce battle against the Arab residents of Ettangi,Tripolitania.Libya.[82]
The Army's Auxiliary Aerial Militia Squadron, precursor to theMexican Air Force, was established.[83]
French pilotMaurice Prévost set a new airplane speed record, averaging 117 miles per hour in a flight of over 217 miles, in a circular course near Paris.[84]
Georgia Thompson "Tiny" Broadwick became the first woman to parachute from an airplane, jumping from a plane piloted by aviatorGlenn L. Martin overLos Angeles. Broadwick had volunteered to test Martin's invention of a "trap seat" that would allow people to bail out of an airplane more quickly.[91][92]
Kid Azteca, Mexican boxer and one of only a few boxers to win more than 50 bouts by knockout; as Luis Villanueva Páramo, inMexico City, Mexico (d.2002)[citation needed]
Serbia's Prime MinisterNikola Pašić and his cabinet resigned because of the nation's lack of progress in negotiating withBulgaria, after which the Serbian minister leftSofia. Pašić formed a new government when theSecond Balkan War broke out days later.[42]
U.S. PresidentWoodrow Wilson addressed a joint session of Congress on his support of the McAdoo-Owen-Glass Banking Bill, and the need to create a federal reserve system for banking.[94] The legislation would pass at the end of the year as theFederal Reserve Act.[95]
The predecessor of theAldi store chain was opened by Anna Siepmann (later Anna Albrecht) in Schonnebeck, a suburb ofEssen inGermany. In the 1920s, after marrying a coal miner, she would give birth to two sons,Karl andTheo Albrecht, who would, on July 10, 1946, create the discount grocery store calledAlbrecht Diskont, before using the first two syllables to coin the name (in 1962) to Aldi.[96]
TheWashington Senators hosted thePhiladelphia Athletics for a baseball doubleheader, and batted first in the second game atWashington, D.C., a departure from the rule that the visitors start off the game at bat. The Athletics won 10–3. The oddity would not happen again for 94 years, until September 26, 2007, inWashington state, when theSeattle Mariners hosted theCleveland Indians and batted first, in a game which Cleveland would win 12–4.[103]
Died:Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 61, British noble referred to as the "largest landowner in Europe except the Czar," with 1,385,000 acres of land, or more than 2,100 square miles (b.1851)[105]
Lawrence bathhouse tragedy – Eleven boys inLawrence, Massachusetts drowned when the pier they were on that led to a floating bathhouse in theMerrimack River suddenly collapsed. About forty young men were stomping their feet while waiting for the doors to open, causing the pier to break apart.[118]
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^Baker, Richard A. (2006).200 Notable Days: Senate Stories, 1787 To 2002.Government Printing Office. p. 110.
^Hatcher, Colin; Schwarzkopf, Tom (1983).Edmonton's Electric Transit: The Story of Edmonton's Streetcars and Trolley Buses. Railfare Enterprises.
^Andrews, Dr Michael (May 2001). Peascod, Michael (ed.). "The Harrington and Lowca Light Railway".Cumbrian Railways.7 (2). Pinner: Cumbrian Railways Association: 20.ISSN1466-6812.
^Butt, R.V.J. (1995).The Directory of Railway Stations. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens. p. 209.ISBN1-85260-508-1.
^"Miss Davison Dead, Hailed as Martyr".New York Times. June 9, 1913.
^"How the Derby Was Won".New York Times. June 5, 1913.
^"Tisza to Form Cabinet".New York Times. June 8, 1913.
^Campbell, John (1987). "Germany 1906–1922". In Sturton, Ian (ed.).Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the Present. London: Conway Maritime Press. p. 36.ISBN978-0-85177-448-0.
^Van Vechten, Carl; Burns, Edward (1986).The Letters of Gertrude Stein and Carl Van Vechten: 1913–1946.Columbia University Press. p. 16.
^Olof Höjer, notes to Erik Satie: Complete Piano Music, Vol. 5, Swedish Society Discofil, 1996, p. 13
^Erik Satie, autobiographical blurb for publisher E. Demets'Bulletin des Editions musicales, December 1913. Quoted in Nigel Wilkins, "The Writings of Erik Satie", Eulenburg Books, London, 1980, p. 79
^"British Prince at Niagara".New York Times. June 7, 1913.
^Mango, Andrew (2002).Atatürk: The Biography of the founder of Modern Turkey. Penguin. p. ii.
^"Americans Take Moro Fort".New York Times. June 13, 1913.
^abcdefghijklmn"Record of Current Events".The American Monthly Review of Reviews:36–39. July 1913.
^Anca Alamillo, Alejandro (2006).Naufragios de la Armada Española y otros sucesos marítimos acaecidos durante el siglo XX (in Spanish). pp. 30–41.
^"New Submarine Down 36 Hours".New York Times. June 12, 1913.
^Ferguson, Niall (2002).Paper and Iron: Hamburg Business and German Politics in the Era of Inflation, 1897–1927.Cambridge University Press. p. 31.
^Rodolfo Rodrigues (2009).Escudos dos Times do Mundo Inteiro. Panda Books. p. 77.
^"Allies Accept Arbitration".New York Times. June 13, 1913.
^Heper, Metin; Criss, Nur Bilge, eds. (2009). "Sait Halim Pasha (1863–1921)".Historical Dictionary of Turkey. Scarecrow Press. p. 266.
^Lavender, Abraham D. (2002).Miami Beach in 1920: The Making of a Winter Resort. Arcadia Publishing. p. 26.
^Theisen, Earl (September 1933). "The History of the Animated Cartoon".Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers.doi:10.5594/J07473. Reprinted inA Technological History of Motion Pictures and Television (University of California Press, 1967) p. 85.
^"Senators Favor Woman Suffrage".New York Times. June 14, 1913.
^Aftalion, Fred (2001).History of the International Chemical Industry: From the "Early Days" to 2000. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 57.
^Hounshell, David A.; Smith, John Kenly (1988).Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902–1980. Cambridge University Press. p. 172.
^"Reveals a Secret of Kaiser's Reign".New York Times. June 17, 1913.
^Taber, Thomas T., III (1987).Railroads of Pennsylvania Encyclopedia and Atlas. Thomas T. Taber III. p. 402.ISBN0-9603398-5-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Dutch Election Is Close".New York Times. June 22, 1913.
^"Again Pass Welsh Church Bill".New York Times. June 18, 1913.
^Gamboa, Coylee (2011).Led by the Spirit, SSpS Philippines: A Journey of a Hundred Years 1912-2012. Quezon City, Philippines: SSpS Rosary Province. p. 40.
^Thomas, David S. (1976). "The First Arab Congress and the Committee of Union and Progress, 1913–1914".Essays on Islamic Civilization. Brill. p. 319.
^Rosenberg, Clifford D. (2006).Policing Paris: The Origins of Modern Immigration Control Between the Wars.Cornell University Press. p. 139.
^"HMAS AE2". Royal Australian Navy. Archived fromthe original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved5 October 2012.
^Petterson, Palle B. (2011).Cameras Into the Wild: A History of Early Wildlife and Expedition Filmmaking, 1895–1928. McFarland. p. 135.
^"Imperator, Biggest of Liners, in Port".New York Times. June 19, 1913.
^Simons, Robert A.; et al.Indigenous Peoples And Real Estate Valuation. Springer. 2008. p. 178.
^Segal, Lauren; Cort, Sharon (2012).One Law, One Nation: The Making of the South African Constitution. Jacana Media.
^"Collision Kills Thirteen".New York Times. June 20, 1913.
^"Italians Rout Arabs".New York Times. June 21, 1913.
^"4 Dead, 60 Hurt As Grain Blows Up".New York Times. June 25, 1913.
^"Servians Defeat Bulgars in Battle".New York Times. June 26, 1913.
^Palonen, Kari; et al.The Ashgate Research Companion to the Politics of Democratization in Europe: Concepts and Histories. Ashgate Publishing. 2008. p. 240.
^Mitton, Simon (2011).Fred Hoyle: A Life in Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 101.
^Hadaway, W. S., & Huguenot and Historical Association of New Rochelle, N.Y. (1936).Through Fifty Years: An Account of the Founding and Development of the Huguenot and Historical Association of New Rochelle. New Rochelle, N.Y: The Association.
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