| Jumli Khas | |
|---|---|
| जुम्ली खस | |
 The word "Jumli Khas" written in Jumli-Devanagari script | |
| Native to | Nepal |
| Region | Himalayas |
Native speakers | 40,000[1] |
| Dialects | |
| Devanagari (Jumli alphabet) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Nepal
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jml |
| Glottolog | juml1238 |
 Jumli speaking areas | |
Jumli orJumli Khas (Jumli-Devanagari: जुम्ली खस) is anIndo-Aryan language ofNepal closely related toNepali. It is primarily spoken inJumla district and surroundings district in theKarnali Province of Nepal.[citation needed] The language is occasionally referred to as a dialect of Nepali; however, theGovernment of Nepal considers Jumli as a different language. The numbers of native speakers estimated 40,000.[3][4] The Khas language is known as the parent language ofNepali language.
Jumli Khas language uses theDevanagari script.
Khas language is considered to be the parent language of Nepali. The language is considered to developed inSinja Valley ofKarnali province.[6]
On 17 August 2017, a draft regarding 'Jumli Khas language writing style' was proposed. The draft proposed 29 consonants and 6 vowels for writing the language. According to Ramanand Acharya, a linguist and editor of the Jumli Khas dictionary, the proposed draft was prepared based on the Khas language and colloquial language and vernacular spoken in the thenKarnali Khas Kingdom.[7] However, on 15 August 2022, the Language Commission of Nepal finalized a phonology with 24 vowels and 41 consonant characters.
Unlike Nepali, Jumli Khas only have 6 oral vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ʌ | ||
| Open | a |
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m⟨म⟩ | n⟨न⟩ | ŋ⟨ङ⟩ | ||||||
| Plosive/ | voiceless | unaspirated | p⟨प⟩ | t⟨त⟩ | t͡s⟨च⟩ | ʈ⟨ट⟩ | k⟨क⟩ | ||
| aspirated | pʰ⟨फ⟩ | tʰ⟨थ⟩ | t͡sʰ⟨छ⟩ | ʈʰ⟨ठ⟩ | kʰ⟨ख⟩ | ||||
| voiced | unaspirated | b⟨ब⟩ | d⟨द⟩ | d͡z⟨ज⟩ | ɖ⟨ड⟩ | ɡ⟨ग⟩ | |||
| aspirated | bʱ⟨भ⟩ | dʱ⟨ध⟩ | d͡zʱ⟨झ⟩ | ɖʱ⟨ढ⟩ | ɡʱ⟨घ⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | s⟨स⟩ | ɦ⟨ह⟩ | |||||||
| Rhotic | r⟨र⟩ | ||||||||
| Approximant | (w⟨व⟩) | l⟨ल⟩ | (j⟨य⟩) | ||||||
The standard record regarding the grammar and vocabulary was not collected and standardized as of 2022.[6] On 15 August 2022, at the initiative of the local government, the Language Commission started the process of documenting and archiving the language.[8] According to proposal, 24 vowels and 41 consonant characters were finalized for developing writing system of the language.[9]
In 2020, twenty-eight schools inTatopani Rural Municipality ofJumla District started teaching in Jumli Khas language.[10]
In 2008, Ramanand Acharya started compiling the first ever Jumli Khas Dictionary titledKhasiya Akhar.[11]Khas meansKhas people andAakhar meansword or a letter. As of 2019, he had collected around 25 thousands words. The collection process has been at a slow rate due to lack of funding.[12] TheKarnali Province government allocated funds for the process in the budget of the fiscal year 2077/2078BS (2020/2021).[13]
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