| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | July 16, 2038 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | −1.2837 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.4938 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 149 (4 of 72) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 192 minutes, 27 seconds | ||||||||
| |||||||||
A penumbrallunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’sdescending node of orbit on Friday, July 16, 2038,[1] with an umbralmagnitude of −0.4938. A lunar eclipse occurs when theMoon moves into theEarth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike asolar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on thenight side of Earth. Occurring about 4.9 days beforeperigee (on July 11, 2038, at 15:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[2]
This eclipse will be the third of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 2038, with the others occurring onJanuary 21,June 17, andDecember 11.
The eclipse will be completely visible overAustralia,Antarctica, and thePacific Ocean, seen rising overeast Asia and setting overNorth andSouth America.[3]
 |
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular lunar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.50125 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.49383 |
| Gamma | −1.28381 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 07h43m47.7s |
| Sun Declination | +21°17'34.6" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'44.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 19h44m13.1s |
| Moon Declination | -22°31'51.1" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'48.9" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°58'02.4" |
| ΔT | 78.3 s |
This eclipse is part of aneclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by afortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by onesynodic month.
| June 17 Descending node (full moon) | July 2 Ascending node (new moon) | July 16 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
 |  | |
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 111 | Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 137 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 149 |
This eclipse is a member of asemester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternatingnodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipses onJune 17, 2038 andDecember 11, 2038 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 2035 to 2038 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma | |
| 114 | 2035 Feb 22 | Penumbral | −1.0357 | 119 | 2035 Aug 19 | Partial | 0.9433 | |
| 124 | 2036 Feb 11 | Total | −0.3110 | 129 | 2036 Aug 07 | Total | 0.2004 | |
| 134 | 2037 Jan 31 | Total | 0.3619 | 139 | 2037 Jul 27 | Partial | −0.5582 | |
| 144 | 2038 Jan 21 | Penumbral | 1.0710 | 149 | 2038 Jul 16 | Penumbral | −1.2837 | |
This eclipse is a part ofSaros series 149, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse onJune 13, 1984. It contains partial eclipses from August 29, 2110 through April 5, 2471; total eclipses from April 16, 2489 through September 17, 2741; and a second set of partial eclipses from September 28, 2759 through May 5, 3120. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on July 20, 3246.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 36 at 99 minutes, 18 seconds on July 3, 2615. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’sdescending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on2615 Jul 03, lasting 99 minutes, 18 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
1984 Jun 13 | 2110 Aug 29 | 2489 Apr 16 | 2561 May 30 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 2687 Aug 15 | 2741 Sep 17 | 3120 May 05 | 3246 Jul 20 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is oneexeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 1–13 occur between 1984 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 1984 Jun 13 | 2002 Jun 24 | 2020 Jul 05 | |||
|  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 2038 Jul 16 | 2056 Jul 26 | 2074 Aug 07 | |||
| |  |  | ||
| 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 2092 Aug 17 | 2110 Aug 29 | 2128 Sep 09 | |||
| 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
| 2146 Sep 20 | 2164 Sep 30 | 2182 Oct 11 | |||
| 13 | |||||
| 2200 Oct 23 | |||||
This eclipse is a part of atritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2147 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1809 Apr 30 (Saros 128) | 1820 Mar 29 (Saros 129) | 1831 Feb 26 (Saros 130) | 1842 Jan 26 (Saros 131) | 1852 Dec 26 (Saros 132) | |||||
| 1863 Nov 25 (Saros 133) | 1874 Oct 25 (Saros 134) | 1885 Sep 24 (Saros 135) | 1896 Aug 23 (Saros 136) | 1907 Jul 25 (Saros 137) | |||||
 |  | ||||||||
| 1918 Jun 24 (Saros 138) | 1929 May 23 (Saros 139) | 1940 Apr 22 (Saros 140) | 1951 Mar 23 (Saros 141) | 1962 Feb 19 (Saros 142) | |||||
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1973 Jan 18 (Saros 143) | 1983 Dec 20 (Saros 144) | 1994 Nov 18 (Saros 145) | 2005 Oct 17 (Saros 146) | 2016 Sep 16 (Saros 147) | |||||
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2027 Aug 17 (Saros 148) | 2038 Jul 16 (Saros 149) | 2049 Jun 15 (Saros 150) | |||||||
 |  | | |  |  | ||||
| 2114 Dec 12 (Saros 156) | |||||||||
| 2147 Sep 09 (Saros 159) | |||||||||
This eclipse is a part of the long periodinex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2154 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806 Dec 25 (Saros 141) | 1835 Dec 05 (Saros 142) | 1864 Nov 13 (Saros 143) | |||
| 1893 Oct 25 (Saros 144) | 1922 Oct 06 (Saros 145) | 1951 Sep 15 (Saros 146) | |||
 |  |  |  | ||
| 1980 Aug 26 (Saros 147) | 2009 Aug 06 (Saros 148) | 2038 Jul 16 (Saros 149) | |||
 |  |  |  | | |
| 2067 Jun 27 (Saros 150) | 2096 Jun 06 (Saros 151) | 2125 May 17 (Saros 152) | |||
| 2154 Apr 28 (Saros 153) | |||||
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (ahalf saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses ofSolar Saros 156.
| July 11, 2029 | July 22, 2047 |
|---|---|
 |  |
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