The two-day-old government of Canadian Prime MinisterArthur Meighen was defeated in Parliament by one vote on a motion challenging the legality of Meighen's attempt to circumvent normal Parliamentary procedure by assembling a Cabinet consisting exclusively of actingministers without portfolio. Though it was not strictly amotion of no confidence, Meighen accepted the vote as such.[1]
PresidentPlutarco Elías Calles of Mexico published theCalles Law, effective July 31, which banned religious education, foreign priests and political commentary in religious publications. Additionally, all church property was to become government property and worship could only be conducted inside of churches and under the supervision of local officials.[2]
Canadian Governor GeneralJulian Byng acted on Prime Minister Meighen's advice to dissolve the15th Canadian Parliament and call a new federal election.[1]
TheNazi Party staged its 2nd Party Congress inWeimar. TheGrossdeutsche Jugendbewegung (Greater German Youth Movement) was rebrandedHitler Jugend Bund der deutschen Arbeiterjugend (Hitler Youth League of German Worker Youth), commonly referred to as theHitler Youth.
The Sesquicentennial of the United States was celebrated to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the founding of the U.S. On this day, Poland chose to honour this sesquicentennial by collecting signatures for the Polish Declarations of Admiration and Friendship for the United States. This collection of 111 volumes of signatures and greetings was eight months later to President Calvin Coolidge to acknowledge American participation and aid to Poland during World War I. It comprised submissions from nearly one-sixth of the population of Poland as it then existed, including those of approximately 5.5 million school children.[3]
Pope Pius XI designated August 1, the feast day ofSt. Peter ad Vincula, as a day of special prayers for the "deliverance of Mexican Catholics from persecution and for pardon for their persecutors."[4]
French Finance MinisterJoseph Caillaux spoke before theChamber of Deputies, outlining the severity of the country's economic problems and asking for emergency powers to address them.[5]
Joseph Caillaux's request of the previous day for special powers was widely attacked in theChamber of Deputies.Léon Blum proclaimed, "Such action would be a veritable abdication of Parliament and violate the national sovereignty."[6]
In Britain, fist fighting broke out in theHouse of Lords as it passed theCoal Mines Regulation Act 1908 (8 Edw. 7. c. 57), which permitted an extra hour of work per day in coal mines. Before Britain's miners were locked out they usually worked seven hours.[7]
A grand jury convened in theAimee Semple McPherson kidnapping case to question McPherson about some questionable details that had arisen in her account of what had happened to her.[8]
In a 4 a.m. vote following an all-night session, France'sChamber of Deputies voted to approve granting Finance MinisterJoseph Caillaux the extraordinary powers he sought to address the country's economic crisis. The matter was then to go to the Finance Committee.[10]
A bolt of lightning struckPicatinny Arsenal in New Jersey. The resulting fire caused several million pounds of explosives to blow up in the next two to three days.
20,000 French veterans of World War I paraded silently through the rainy streets of Paris to protest theMellon-Berenger Agreement. Blind and maimed veterans led the procession to thePlace des États-Unis where they laid wreaths, as well as plaques explaining their position that the debt settlement would ruin France.[12]
General Motors acquired the Flint Institute of Technology in Michigan and renamed it the General Motors Institute of Technology. Today it is known asKettering University.
Died:Gertrude Bell, 57, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator known as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq"; andJohn W. Weeks, 66, American politician in the Republican Party
In Florence, KingVictor Emmanuel III of Italy took a boy who had just been hit by a train into his auto and rushed the boy to the hospital. The boy died in the car.[14]
In New York,Linton Wells and Edward Steptoe Evans completed their flight around the world in 28 days, 14 hours and 37 minutes, beating the old record of 35 days set byJohn Henry Mears in 1913.[15][16]
The Belgian government granted KingKing Albert of Belgium six months of practically unlimited powers to try to stop the country's worseninginflation problem.[17]
In Mexico City, a meeting of Catholics resolved to organize a nationwide boycott to protest theCalles Law. The boycott covered items that constituted a large part of government income (such as lottery tickets), items subject to heavyexcise duties (such as stamps), and items subject to heavy import duties.[20]
An anonymous editorial titled "Pink Powder Puffs" was published in theChicago Daily Tribune which blamed actorRudolph Valentino for the installation of a face-powder dispenser in a new men's public washroom and implied that he was responsible for the feminization of American men. Valentino was enraged.[21]
Rudolph Valentino responded to the previous day's editorial in theTribune with an essay of his own for theChicago Herald-Examiner, challenging the writer to come forward and face him in a boxing or wrestling match. The author did not come forward, to Valentino's disappointment.[22]
Rumored dissensions among the crew of the airshipNorge in the recentNorth Pole expedition fell into the public sphere asUmberto Nobile shot back at a statementLincoln Ellsworth had made which denied that Nobile had piloted the airship. Nobile insisted that he steered the entire flight and asserted that Ellsworth was "just a passenger."[23]
Édouard Herriot took over as Prime Minister of France as thefranc continued to plummet, down to 49.22 against the U.S. dollar.[24]
The grand jury in theAimee Semple McPherson case adjourned, finding insufficient evidence to indict McPherson and her mother on charges of manufacturing evidence and giving false testimony to police.[8]
In France,Raymond Poincaré agreed to come out of retirement and form a new government after theChamber of Deputies overthrew the Cabinet of newly installed Prime MinisterÉdouard Herriot. The vote of defeat occurred following a statement from Finance MinisterAnatole de Monzie that the country was on the verge of bankruptcy.[25]
Raymond Poincaré formed the new government in France. He took the positions of both prime minister and Finance Minister.
New revelations came out in theAimee Semple McPherson kidnapping mystery, as claims surfaced that McPherson had been aroundCarmel-by-the-Sea, California, living in a rented cottage with a man named Kenneth Ormiston during the time she was allegedly kidnapped.[8]
An episcopal letter to the churchgoers of Mexico was published in newspapers around the country, announcing that after theCalles Law goes into effect on July 31, religious services would no longer be held in the churches as an expression of protest.[27]
Raymond Poincaré of France announced his plan to stabilize thefranc by rebalancing the budget with new business taxes, as well as tariffs aimed at protecting imports from French colonies. Markets responded favourably as the franc rebounded to 39 against the U.S. dollar.[28]
The legislature of thePhilippines adopted a plebiscite resolution on independence, but it was vetoed by the governor.[11]
Britain reached an agreement withLincoln Clark Andrews, the chief of Prohibition enforcement in the United States, to thwart liquor smuggling into the U.S.[15]
The United States and Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty, allowing the American military to conduct peacetime maneuvers on Panamanian territory and obligating Panama to go to war if the U.S. ever did. The treaty was very unpopular in Panama.[11]
Two thousand pilgrims from Milan attempting to visit the church of theMadonna del Sasso in Locarno were barred entry into Switzerland by Italian authorities. Mussolini had ordered Italians to spend their money within Italy.[29]
Nine were wounded in Mexico City when police fired on churchgoers who refused to leave the San Rafael church. It was reported throughout the city that fire fighters used water cannons to disperse angry crowds who were throwing stones at authorities.[30]
^Martínez, Anne M. (2014).Catholic Borderlands: Mapping Catholicism onto American Empire 1905–1935. Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. pp. 151–152.ISBN978-0-8032-4877-9.
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