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Free and Independent Catarinense Republic República Catarinense Livre e Independente | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1839 | |||||||||
.svg) Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||||
| Motto: Liberdade, Igualdade, Humanidade (Portuguese for "Liberty, Equality, Humanity.") | |||||||||
 Location of Santa Catarina in present day Brazil | |||||||||
| Status | Unrecognized state | ||||||||
| Capital | Laguna 28°28′S48°46′W / 28.467°S 48.767°W /-28.467; -48.767 | ||||||||
| Common languages | Portuguese | ||||||||
| Government | Presidentialrepublic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 29 July–7 August | David Canabarro | ||||||||
• 7 August–15 November | Vicente Ferreira dos Santos Cordeiro [pt] | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 29 July 1839 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 15 November 1839 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Brazil | ||||||||
TheJuliana Republic (Portuguese:República Juliana) or theCatarinense Republic (República Catarinense), fully and officially theFree and Independent Catarinense Republic (República Catarinense Livre e Independente),[1] was arevolutionary state that existed between 29 July and 15 November 1839, in theprovince ofSanta Catarina of theEmpire of Brazil. The Republic was proclaimed in an extension of theRagamuffin War started in the neighboring province ofRio Grande do Sul, where theRio-Grandense Republic had already been created.
Forces of the revolutionary Riograndense Republic, led by GeneralDavid Canabarro andItalian revolutionaryGiuseppe Garibaldi, with help from the local population, conquered the harbor city ofLaguna on 22 July 1839, in a battle known as theCapture of Laguna [pt].[2] The Catarinense Republic was then proclaimed on 29 July, at the city'smunicipal chamber.[3] Canabarro assumed temporarily the office of president until anelectoral college was assembled and elections were held on 7 August. For president and vice president were elected, respectively,Joaquim Xavier Neves [pt], a Lieutenant-colonel of theNational Guard ofSão José, and his uncle, the priestVicente Ferreira dos Santos Cordeiro [pt], who assumed the presidential office due to a blockade by theImperial Army that prevented Joaquim Xavier Neves from reaching Laguna.[4]
The rebels could not conquer the provincial capital ofNossa Senhora do Desterro (present-day Florianópolis) because their naval forces were found and destroyed by theImperial Brazilian Navy at Massiambu River (on the continent, south ofSanta Catarina Island) while the rebels were preparing to attack Nossa Senhora do Desterro. Largely due to this, the Juliana Republic lasted for only four months. In November, imperial forces took the Julian capital of Laguna.[citation needed]
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