Jujuy[xuˈxuj] is aprovince ofArgentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders withChile andBolivia.[4] The only neighboring Argentine province isSalta to the east and south.
The vast difference in height and climate produces desert areas such as the Salinas Grandessalt mines and subtropicalYungas jungle.
The terrain of the province is mainly arid and semi-desertic across the different areas, except for theEl Ramal valley of the San Francisco River. Temperature difference between day and night is wider in higher lands, and precipitation is scarce outside the temperate area of the San Francisco River.
The Grande River and the San Francisco River flow to theBermejo River. The San Juan, La Quiaca, Yavi and Sansana Rivers flow to thePilcomayo River.
Pre-Columbian inhabitants known as theOmaguacas and Ocloyas practiced agriculture and domesticated theguanaco. They had huts made of mud, and erected stone fortresses to protect their villages. An example of such fortresses isPucará de Tilcara, Pucará meaning "fortress" (word also used for theArgentine combat aircraftPucara). Omaguacas and Ocloyas were later conquered by theIncas during their expansion period.
A view of Jujuy at the end of the 19th century. Clearly highlights the bell tower of Iglesia Matriz
The nameJujuy derives from a type ofInca provincial governor (xuxuyoc) encountered there by the Spanish in the late 16th century.[4]
In 1593, a small settlement (currentSan Salvador de Jujuy) was erected in the Jujuy valley by the effort ofFrancisco de Argañaraz y Murguía.[6] Colonial forces fought the resistance by the indigenousCalchaquíes and Omaguacas, so that the European population eventually consolidated in the village.[7]
At the end of the 17th century, the customs to theViceroyalty of Peru was transferred fromCórdoba to Jujuy.
With the separation fromPeru and the creation of theViceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, Jujuy lost its importance and its population started to diminish.
During theMay Revolution and the battles for the independence of theUnited provinces of the South, many confrontations took place in Jujuy because the Spanish concentrated their forces in Peru. The people of Jujuy had to endure theJujuy Exodus, a massive evacuation with ascorched earth policy, led by GeneralManuel Belgrano. Eventually the Spanish surrendered, but the war had seriously affected the economy of the area.
View of the Yala Lake.
After a series of internal conflicts, the province declared its autonomy fromTucumán andSalta Provinces on November 18, 1834. Jujuy started a gradual process of economic and social improvement, and at the end of the 19th century thesugarcane industry arose. At the beginning of the 20th century, the railway connected the province withBuenos Aires, andLa Paz,Bolivia.
In 1945, heavy industry first arrived in Jujuy at the hand of GeneralManuel Savio, a presidential economic advisor who, had Argentina's first modernsteel mill installed in Jujuy. In 1969, Jujuy joined oil-rich neighboringSalta Province with the discovery ofpetroleum by the state-ownedYPF.
TheColla people are indigenous people who have been living in Jujuy for centuries, practicing subsistence living, farming with llamas and goats. A group of small producers from Suqueños have been fighting in defense ofPachamama and their rights as members ofAtacama people.[8] Thirty-three villages have united to oppose the lithium extraction as it requires much water which the region has very little of. As of 2019, at a single salt lake 10 billion liters of water were being pumped up from 450 meter depth into solar ponds. They also claim that lithium operations have contaminated the air with residuals of chemicals used to extract lithium, such as lye, hydrated sodium carbonate and others. The dust irritates the eyes of llamas and can cause blindness.[9]
Jujuy's economy is moderately underdeveloped, yet very diversified.[10] Its 2006 economy was an estimated US$2.998 billion, or, US$4,899 per capita (over 40% below the national average).[11]
Jujuy is, despite its rural profile, not particularly agrarian. Agriculture contributes about 10% to output and the main agricultural activity issugarcane. Its processing represents more than half of the province's gross production, and 30% of the national sugar production. The second agricultural activity istobacco, cultivated in the Southeastern valley, as a major national producer.
Other crops includebeans,citrus andtomatoes, and other vegetables for local consumption. Cattle and goats are raised on a small scale, mainly for local dairies, andllamas,vicuñas andguanacos are raised in significant numbers forwool.
Manufacturing is more prominent in Jujuy than in some neighboring provinces, adding 15% to its economy. Jujuy is the second largest Argentine producer ofiron, used by theAltos Hornos Zaplasteel mill.
Other industrial activities include mining for construction material,petroleum extraction atCaimancito, salt production fromSalinas Grandes salt basin, and paper production fed by the Jujuy's forests with 20% of the industrial product of the province.
Argentina is the world's second largestlithium brine producer[12] which is located in Jujuy (e. g.Salar de Olaroz andSalinas Grandes mines). The so-called Lithium Triangle, consisting of NW Argentina, Bolivia and NE Chile holds more than half the world's supply.[13]
After the financial crisis of 2001 in Argentina, citizens were encouraged to explore their own country as opposed to travelling abroad.[5] Tourism in the area is still a growing activity and brings a number of Argentine tourists (80%), tourists from otherSouth American countries (12%) andEuropeans (7%). Most tourists head forSan Salvador de Jujuy to start their exploration of the province. The Horacio Guzmán International Airport, 34 km from San Salvador, connects the province withBuenos Aires,Córdoba, and some destinations inBolivia.
Apart from the fantastic contrast of land colours and formations, tourists are attracted also by the strong aboriginal roots in the culture of Jujuy. Salta wineries growing in popularity have attracted tourists, combining province traditions with "cosmopolitan culture".[5]Aymará andQuechua cultures coexist in the area, and ruins of theIncas are well conserved.
The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoint the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court.The Constitution of Jujuy Province forms the formal law of the province.
-2.svg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_05.jpg)
