Joseph White Latimer | |
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 Joseph White Latimer | |
| Born | (1843-08-27)August 27, 1843 Oak Ridge,Prince William County, Virginia |
| Died | August 1, 1863(1863-08-01) (aged 19) |
| Buried | Woodbine Cemetery,Harrisonburg,Rockingham County, Virginia |
| Allegiance |  Confederate States of America |
| Branch |  Confederate States Army |
| Service years | 1861–63 |
| Rank |  Major |
| Conflicts | American Civil War |
Joseph White Latimer (August 27, 1843 – August 1, 1863), "The Boy Major", was a promising young officer in theConfederateArmy of Northern Virginia'sartillery branch during theAmerican Civil War. He was mortally wounded at theBattle of Gettysburg and died four weeks later.
Latimer was born in Oak Ridge,Prince William County,Virginia. He was educated at theVirginia Military Institute (VMI) and studied artillery tactics underStonewall Jackson.
During Latimer's second year of studies, the Civil War broke out and Latimer left VMI to serve theSouthern Confederacy. He first served ascadet drillmaster for the Richmond Hampden Artillery during the spring and summer of 1861. In the fall, he was commissioned as afirst lieutenant and saw action withMaj. Gen.Richard S. Ewell's division in theShenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862. After distinguishing himself with his battery at such battles asFirst Winchester andCedar Mountain, Latimer was promoted to command of the battalion that had previously belonged to A. R. Courtney. After commanding the battalion atFredericksburg in December 1862, Latimer was promoted tomajor in March 1863. Ewell referred to him as the "YoungNapoleon", but his contemporaries noted his youth and small, slight stature by calling him the "Boy Major."[1] He became an officer in Maj.Richard Snowden Andrews's Battalion of Maj. Gen.Edward "Allegheny" Johnson's Division.
When Andrews was wounded at theBattle of Stephenson's Depot, Latimer took command of the artillery battalion for theGettysburg campaign. During theBattle of Gettysburg, on the afternoon of July 2, 1863, Latimer was commanding the artillery battalion, which was located on Benner's Hill, a small rise located about 1,400 yards northeast ofCemetery Hill. The Confederate guns engaged in a duel with their Federal counterparts while attempting to support the attack onCulp's andCemetery Hills. The position on Benner's Hill was open and exposed, and the Confederate guns found themselves at a severe disadvantage. Latimer requested that he be allowed to move the guns to a more favorable position. "Such an admission by so stubborn a fighter did not have to be verified,"[2] as historianDouglas Southall Freeman put it, and Latimer was allowed to begin withdrawing the guns. He was wounded after he returned to the hill to direct the fire of his remaining four guns. An exploding shell severely wounded his arm and killed his horse, which fell on him and pinned him to the ground.[3] Division commanderAllegheny Johnson noted in his official battle report that, "Major J.W. Latimer, of Andrews' battalion, the "boy major," whose chivalrous bearing on so many fields had won for him a reputation to be envied by his seniors, received a severe wound on the evening of the 2d, from the effects of which he has since died." Cpt Charles I. Raine took charge of the battalion after Latimer was wounded.
Latimer's left[4][5] arm had to be amputated. The amputation was performed at the Daniel Lady Farm, which is today preserved by the Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association. Initially hospitalized in Winchester, movements by the Federal troops required that Latimer be transported somewhere safer. He was moved toHarrisonburg, Virginia, to the home of theE. T. H. Warren family. The constant movement—first from Gettysburg, then from Winchester—did not aid his recovery, and soon after he was transported to Harrisonburg,gangrene appeared. From that point on, Latimer rapidly worsened and he died on August 1, 1863. He was buried in the Woodbine Cemetery at Harrisonburg. The grave of the "Boy Major" is marked by a monument placed 51 years after his death by the Ladies Memorial Association and the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
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