José IV | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal,Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon | |
 | |
| Church | Catholic |
| Archdiocese | Lisbon |
| Appointed | 5 March 1997 (Coadjutor Patriarch) |
| Installed | 24 March 1998 |
| Term ended | 18 May 2013 |
| Predecessor | António Ribeiro |
| Successor | Manuel Clemente |
| Other post | Cardinal-Priest of S. Antonio in Campo Marzio |
| Previous posts |
|
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 15 August 1961 by Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira |
| Consecration | 29 June 1978 by António Ribeiro |
| Created cardinal | 21 February 2001 byJohn Paul II |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | José da Cruz Policarpo (1936-02-26)26 February 1936 |
| Died | 12 March 2014(2014-03-12) (aged 78)[1] Lisbon, Portugal |
| Motto | Per Obedientiam ad Libertatem (By Obedience to Freedom) |
| Coat of arms |  |
| Styles of José da Cruz Policarpo | |
|---|---|
| |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Lisbon |
José da Cruz PolicarpoGCC (Portuguese:[ʒuˈzɛðɐkɾuʃpoliˈkaɾpu]; 26 February 1936 – 12 March 2014), officially referred to asJosé IV, Patriarch of Lisbon, though usually referred to as "D. José Policarpo", wasPatriarch of Lisbon from 24 March 1998 to 18 May 2013.Pope John Paul II made him aCardinal in 2001. Policarpo held a doctorate in theology from thePontifical Gregorian University in Rome.
He was born on 26 February 1936 inAlvorninha,Caldas da Rainha, Portugal, the first of nine children of José Policarpo sr. (Caldas da Rainha, Alvorninha, Lugar do Pego, 18 April 1902 –Lisbon,Odivelas, 20 October 1987) and wife (m.Caldas da Rainha, Alvorninha, 26 January 1935) Maria Gertrudes Rosa (Alcobaça, Benedita, 17 October 1909 –Caldas da Rainha, Alvorninha, 6 September 1994), andordained a priest on 15 August 1961 in Lisbon byManuel Cardinal Cerejeira. José da Cruz' eight siblings were: Maria do Céu (b. 1939), Maria Adélia (b. 1942), Aníbal, Joaquim, António, Maria da Graça, Maria Edite (b. 1947) and Fernando (b. 1952).
Policarpo was director of theseminary in Penafirme, rector of the seminary inOlivais and dean of the Theological Faculty of thePortuguese Catholic University. He later served two terms as rector of the same university (1988–96) and is the author of a number of books and scholarly articles.
On 26 May 1978 Policarpo was appointedtitular bishop of Caliabria andauxiliary bishop of Lisbon, receiving episcopal consecration on 29 June. On 5 March 1997 he was appointedCoadjuctor Archbishop of Lisbon and succeeded CardinalAntónio Ribeiro asPatriarch on 24 March 1998. Cardinal Policarpo was also President of thePortuguese Episcopal Conference and Grand Chancellor of the Portuguese Catholic University.
He was created acardinal byPope John Paul II in theconsistory of 21 February 2001,[2] asCardinal-Priest ofSant'Antonio in Campo Marzio. He was a member of theCongregation for Catholic Education,Pontifical Council for the Laity, andPontifical Council for Culture in theRoman Curia.
Policarpo was one ofabout a dozen like-minded prelates, all European cardinals or bishops, who met annually from 1995 to 2006 inSt. Gallen, Switzerland, to discuss reforms with respect to the appointment of bishops, collegiality, bishops' conferences, the primacy of the papacy and sexual morality; they differed among themselves, but shared the view that CardinalJoseph Ratzinger was not the sort of candidate they hoped to see elected at the next conclave.[3][4]
Upon the death ofPope John Paul II in 2005, Policarpo was considered to bepapabile – a possible successor to thepapacy. On 11 April 2005, the British newspaperThe Guardian considered him to be "a dark-horse candidate for pope, capable of bridging the divide between the Europeans and the Latin American Roman Catholic cardinals". The2005 papal conclave, in which he participated as acardinal elector, ultimately electedPope Benedict XVI. He was also acardinal elector in theconclave of 2013 which electedPope Francis.[5][6][7] As a result of his position in the seniority among cardinals, when Cardinal Policarpo took the oath of secrecy in theSistine Chapel at the start of the conclave, he took the oath immediately after Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, the cardinal ultimately elected asPope Francis.[7]
His resignation was accepted on 18 May 2013 andManuel Clemente, Bishop of Porto, was named to succeed him.[8]
His refusal todeny communion orexcommunicate those who called themselves Catholics and who openly supportedlegalization of abortion was also criticised by manyanti-abortion Catholics for being one of the main reasons for the legalisation ofabortion in Portugal, in 2007. However, he did not openly deny the right of the Portuguese Roman Catholic priests to refuse them communion, which many in fact did.[9]
On 14 January 2009, the cardinal directed a warning to young women to "think twice" beforemarrying Muslim men: Christians should learn more aboutIslam and respect Muslims, but marrying a Muslim man is getting into a lot of trouble, that not evenAllah knows where it would end, if the couple moved to an Islamic country.[10][11] He also said that dialogue "with our Muslim brothers" is difficult, because it is possible to dialogue only with those who want to have dialogue.[10] Human rights groupAmnesty International criticized Policarpo for inciting "discrimination" and "intolerance", and a representative of theMuslim community in Portugal said they were hurt and surprised by his words, but remarked that his words could be interpreted as a call to respect differences and get to know the other religion.[12] A spokesman for the Portuguese Episcopal Conference said the cardinal had offered "realistic advice" rather than "discrimination" or "contempt for another culture or religion".[11]
Cardinal da Cruz Policarpo in June 2011 stated in a magazine interview that, while there is no fundamental theological obstacle toordination of women, there is, in fact, an obstacle regarding the strong tradition dating from Jesus. There will certainly be no change in our lifetime, he said, and so the question ought not to be raised – it provokes many reactions.[13][14] Nearly two weeks after giving the interview, he issued a clarification of his comments, in which he unequivocally reaffirmed the teaching of Pope John Paul II inOrdinatio sacerdotalis.[15][clarification needed]
Grand-Cross of theOrder of Christ,Portugal (11 May 2010)[16]
| Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Patriarch of Lisbon 1998–2013 | Succeeded by |
| New title | Cardinal-Priest ofSant'Antonio in Campo Marzio 2001–2014 | |
