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Jonathan Demme

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American filmmaker (1944–2017)

Jonathan Demme
Demme in 2015
Born
Robert Jonathan Demme

(1944-02-22)February 22, 1944
DiedApril 26, 2017(2017-04-26) (aged 73)
New York City, U.S.
EducationUniversity of Florida
Occupations
  • Director
  • producer
  • screenwriter
WorksFull list
Spouses
Children3
Relatives

Robert Jonathan Demme (/ˈdɛmi/DEM-ee;[1] February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American filmmaker. His career of directing, producing, and screenwriting spanned more than 30 years and 70 feature films, documentaries, and television productions. In addition to being anAcademy Award and aDirectors Guild of America Award winner, he received nominations for aBAFTA Award, aGolden Globe Award, and threeIndependent Spirit Awards.

Beginning his career underB-movie producerRoger Corman, Demme made his directorial debut with the 1974women-in-prison filmCaged Heat, before becoming known for his casually humanist films[2] such asMelvin and Howard (1980),Swing Shift (1984),Something Wild (1986), andMarried to the Mob (1988). His 1991 psychological horror filmThe Silence of the Lambs, based on thenovel of the same title, won fiveAcademy Awards, includingBest Director andBest Picture.

His subsequent films earned similar acclaim, notably theHIV/AIDS-themed dramaPhiladelphia (1993), the supernaturalGothic horrorBeloved (1998), the conspiracy thrillerThe Manchurian Candidate (2004), and the independent dramaRachel Getting Married (2008). Demme also directed numerous concert films such asStop Making Sense (1984),Neil Young: Heart of Gold (2006), andJustin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids (2016), and worked on several television series as both a producer and director.

Early life

[edit]

Demme was born on February 22, 1944, inBaldwin, New York, the son of Dorothy Louise (née Rogers)[3] and Robert Eugene Demme, a public relations executive.[4][5] He was raised inRockville Centre, New York andMiami,[1] where he graduated fromSouthwest Miami High School[6] before attending theUniversity of Florida.[7]

Career

[edit]

Early films

[edit]

Demme broke into feature film working forexploitation film producerRoger Corman early in his career, co-writing and producingAngels Hard as They Come (1971), a motorcycle movie very loosely based onRashomon,[8] andThe Hot Box (1972). He then moved on to directing three films for Corman's studioNew World Pictures:Caged Heat (1974),Crazy Mama (1975), andFighting Mad (1976). AfterFighting Mad, Demme directed the comedy filmHandle with Care (originally titledCitizens Band, 1977) forParamount Pictures. The film was well received by critics,[9] but received little promotion,[10] and performed poorly at the box office.[11] He also directed a 1978 episode ofColumbo.[12]

Demme's next film,Melvin and Howard (1980), did not get awide release, but received a groundswell of critical acclaim and film award recognition, including Academy Award nominations, winning two of its three nominations (Academy Award for Best Supporting ActressMary Steenburgen, andAcademy Award for Best Original ScreenplayBo Goldman). This acclaim led to the signing of Demme to direct theGoldie Hawn andKurt Russellstar vehicleSwing Shift (1984). Intended as a prestige picture forWarner Bros.[13] as well as a major commercial vehicle for Demme,[14] it instead became a troubled production due to the conflicting visions of Demme and star Hawn. Demme ended up renouncing the finished product, and when the film was released in May 1984, it was generally panned by critics and neglected by moviegoers.[13] AfterSwing Shift, Demme stepped back from Hollywood to make theTalking Headsconcert filmStop Making Sense (also 1984) which won theNational Society of Film Critics Award for best documentary;[15] the eclectic screwball action-romantic comedySomething Wild (1986); a film-version of the stage productionSwimming to Cambodia (1987), by monologistSpalding Gray; and the New York Mafia-by-way-of Downtown comedyMarried to the Mob (1988).[a]

Demme formed his production company, Clinica Estetico, with producersEdward Saxon andPeter Saraf in 1987.[16][17] They were based out of New York City for fifteen years.[18][19]

Further information on the 1981 film presentation:Made in Texas

Later films

[edit]

Demme won the Academy Award forThe Silence of the Lambs (1991)—one of only three films to win all the major categories (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actor, and Best Actress).[20] Inspired by his friendJuan Suárez Botas's illness withAIDS[21] and fueled by his own moral convictions,[8] Demme then used his influence to makePhiladelphia (1993),[22] one of the first major films to address theAIDS crisis[22] and which garnered starTom Hanks his firstBest Actor Oscar.[22] He also co-directed (with his nephewTed) the music video forBruce Springsteen'sBest Song Oscar-winning "Streets of Philadelphia" from the film's soundtrack.[23] Jonathan used several of the same actors for both movies.

Subsequently, his films included an adaptation ofToni Morrison'sBeloved (1998), and remakes of two films from the 1960s:The Truth About Charlie (2002), based onCharade, that starredMark Wahlberg in theCary Grant role; andThe Manchurian Candidate (2004), withDenzel Washington andMeryl Streep. Demme's documentary filmMan from Plains (2007), a documentary about former U.S. PresidentJimmy Carter's promotional tour publicizing his bookPalestine: Peace Not Apartheid, had its premiere at theVenice Film Festival andToronto International Film Festival.

His art-house hitRachel Getting Married (2008) was compared by many critics to Demme's films of the late 1970s and 1980s.[24][25][26] It was included in many 2008 "best of" lists, and received numerous awards and nominations, including anAcademy Award nomination forBest Actress by leadAnne Hathaway. In 2010, Demme made his first foray into theater, directingFamily Week, a play byBeth Henley. The play was produced byMCC Theater and co-starredRosemarie DeWitt andKathleen Chalfant.[27]

At one time, Demme was signed on to direct, produce, and write an adaptation ofStephen King's sci-fi novel11/22/63, but later left the project due to disagreements with King on what should be included in the script.[28]

He returned to the concert documentary format withJustin Timberlake + the Tennessee Kids (2016), which he described as a "performance film, but also a portrait of an artist at a certain moment in the arc of his career",[21] and his last project was a history of rock & roll for theRock and Roll Hall of Fame compiled from footage from Hall of Fame induction ceremonies set to debut in summer 2017.[21]

Demme directed music videos for artists such asSuburban Lawns,New Order,KRS-One's H.E.A.L. project andBruce Springsteen. He also produced a compilation ofHaitian music calledKonbit: Burning Rhythms of Haiti that was released in 1989. (Lou Reed selectedKonbit... as one of his 'picks of 1989').[29]

Demme was on the board of directors atJacob Burns Film Center inPleasantville, New York. In addition to his role on the board, he curated and hosted a monthly series calledRarely Seen Cinema.[30]

Style

[edit]

Throughout 1986–2004, Demme was known for his dramatic close-ups in films. This style of close-ups involves the character looking directly into the camera during crucial moments. According to Demme, this was done to put the viewer into the character's shoes. Beginning withRachel Getting Married (2008), Demme adopted a documentary style of filmmaking.[31][32]

He was known for his use of recurring supporting players, includingCharles Napier,Harry Northup,Tracey Walter,Ann Dowd,LisaGay Hamilton,Kimberly Elise, Paul Lazar,Ron Vawter,Dean Stockwell,Obba Babatundé,Ted Levine,Paul Le Mat,Mary Steenburgen,Jason Robards,Scott Glenn, and his former producerRoger Corman, as well as casting musicians and bands in roles. These includedSister Carol,Chris Isaak,Tunde Adebimpe,the Feelies,Charles Aznavour, Steve Scales,the Flirtations,Manno Charlemagne,Bernie Worrell,David Johansen,Beau Sia,Q Lazzarus, andRick Springfield. In addition to Corman, Demme cast a number of other fellow directors in cameos, includingJohn Sayles,Agnès Varda,George A. Romero,Sidney Lumet, andJohn Waters. Many of these performers received opening credits billing in films they appeared in, despite sometimes having only one or two lines.

Writer/directorPaul Thomas Anderson has paid homage to Demme in his films and has cited him as a major influence in his work. In an interview, Anderson jokingly stated that the three filmmakers who inspired him the most are "Jonathan Demme, Jonathan Demme and Jonathan Demme."[33][34] Other directors such asAlexander Payne andWes Anderson have been known to be inspired by his close-ups in their own work.[35][36]

Political activism

[edit]

Demme was involved in various political projects. In 1981, he directed a series of commercials for the liberal advocacy groupPeople for the American Way. Thespots, titled "Eggs",[37] "Music",[38][39] and "Sports",[40] were produced byNorman Lear and featuredMuhammad Ali,Carol Burnett, andGoldie Hawn celebratingFreedom of Expression.[41] In 1985, he directed a video forArtists United Against Apartheid. The short, featured various international musicians includingAfrika Bambaataa,Rubén Blades,Jimmy Cliff,Herbie Hancock,Little Steven,Run–D.M.C., andBruce Springsteen, calling for a boycott of the South African luxury resortSun City duringApartheid. His documentaryHaiti Dreams of Democracy (1988) captured Haiti's era of democratic rebuilding after dictatorship, while his documentaryThe Agronomist (2008) profiled Haitian journalist and human rights activistJean Dominique. Demme spent six years on the documentaryI'm Carolyn Parker (2011), which highlighted rebuilding efforts inNew OrleansLower Ninth Ward afterHurricane Katrina.

Personal life

[edit]

Demme was married twice. His first marriage to Evelyn Purcell ended in divorce.[42] In 1987, he married artist Joanne Howard, with whom he had three children.[1] He was the uncle of film directorTed Demme, who died in 2002.[43] Demme's cousin was theRev. Robert Wilkinson Castle Jr., an Episcopal priest who appeared in some of Demme's films.

Demme was a member of the steering committee of the Friends of theApollo Theater, Oberlin, Ohio, along withDanny DeVito andRhea Perlman.[44] In 2013, he returned to Oberlin as part of an alumni reunion during the class of 2013 graduation ceremony and received the award for Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts.[45]

In 2009, Demme signed a petition in support of directorRoman Polanski, who had been detained while traveling to a film festival in relation to his 1977sexual abuse charges, which the petition argued would undermine the tradition of film festivals as a place for works to be shown "freely and safely", and that arresting filmmakers traveling to neutral countries could open the door "for actions of which no-one can know the effects."[46][47]

Demme was an avid collector and devotee ofHaitian art, in particular ofHector Hyppolite - so much so that he called it "an addiction". In 2014, he held an auction in Philadelphia selling thousands from his collection, much of which was donated to a cultural center inPort-au-Prince.[48]

Death

[edit]

Demme died at his home inManhattan on April 26, 2017, from complications fromesophageal cancer andheart disease; he was 73.[49][1]

"I am heart-broken to lose a friend, a mentor, a guy so singular and dynamic you'd have to design a hurricane to contain him. Jonathan was as quirky as his comedies and as deep as his dramas. He was pure energy, the unstoppable cheerleader for anyone creative. Just as passionate about music as he was about art, he was and will always be a champion of the soul. JD, most beloved, something wild, brother of love, director of the lambs. Love that guy. Love him so much."

— Jodie Foster's statement following Demme's death.[50]

DirectorBrady Corbet dedicated his 2018 filmVox Lux to Demme's memory,[51] as didLuca Guadagnino with his 2018 filmSuspiria and Paul Thomas Anderson with his 2017 filmPhantom Thread starringDaniel Day-Lewis. Demme is thanked in the credits ofSpike Lee's 2020 concert filmAmerican Utopia starringDavid Byrne. The albumA Beginner's Mind by musiciansSufjan Stevens andAngelo De Augustine is dedicated to Demme, with one of its songs, "Cimmerian Shade", mentioning him and referencingThe Silence of the Lambs within its lyrics.

Filmography

[edit]
Main article:Jonathan Demme filmography
See also:Jonathan Demme's unrealized projects
Narrative features
YearTitleDistribution
1974Caged HeatNew World Pictures
1975Crazy Mama
1976Fighting Mad20th Century Fox
1977Handle with CareParamount Pictures
1979Last EmbraceUnited Artists
1980Melvin and HowardUniversal Pictures
1984Swing ShiftWarner Bros.
1986Something WildOrion Pictures
1988Married to the Mob
1991The Silence of the Lambs
1993PhiladelphiaTriStar Pictures
1998BelovedBuena Vista Pictures
2002The Truth About CharlieUniversal Pictures
2004The Manchurian CandidateParamount Pictures
2008Rachel Getting MarriedSony Pictures Classics
2013A Master BuilderAbramorama
2015Ricki and the FlashSony Pictures Releasing

Awards and nominations

[edit]
YearAwardCategoryWorkResult
1992Academy AwardBest DirectorThe Silence of the LambsWon[52]
1992BAFTA AwardBest FilmNominated[53]
Best Film DirectionNominated
1992Golden Globe AwardBest Director – Motion PictureNominated[54]
1987Grammy AwardBest Long Form Music VideoSun City:Artists United Against ApartheidNominated
1988Independent Spirit AwardBest Directing of a Feature FilmSwimming to CambodiaNominated
2009Best Feature FilmRachel Getting MarriedNominated
Best Directing of a Feature FilmNominated
1992Directors Guild AwardOutstanding Directorial Achievement – Feature FilmThe Silence of the LambsWon[55]
1991National Board of Review of Motion Pictures AwardBest DirectorWon
1980New York Film Critics Circle AwardBest DirectingMelvin and HowardWon
1991The Silence of the LambsWon
1991Berlin Film FestivalSilver Bear Award for Best DirectorWon[56]
Golden Bear Award for Best FilmNominated[57]
1994PhiladelphiaNominated[58]
Awards and nominations received by Demme's films
YearTitleAcademy AwardsBAFTA AwardsGolden Globe Awards
NominationsWinsNominationsWinsNominationsWins
1980Melvin and Howard3241
1984Swing Shift11
1986Something Wild3
1988Married to the Mob11
1991The Silence of the Lambs759251
1993Philadelphia52132
1998Beloved1
2004The Manchurian Candidate11
2008Rachel Getting Married11
Total199112194

Directed Academy Award Performances

YearPerformerFilmResult
Academy Award for Best Actor
1991Anthony HopkinsThe Silence of the LambsWon
1993Tom HanksPhiladelphiaWon
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1980Jason RobardsMelvin and HowardNominated
1988Dean StockwellMarried to the MobNominated
Academy Award for Best Actress
1991Jodie FosterThe Silence of the LambsWon
2008Anne HathawayRachel Getting MarriedNominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
1980Mary SteenburgenMelvin and HowardWon
1984Christine LahtiSwing ShiftNominated

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdWeber, Bruce (April 26, 2017)."Jonathan Demme, Oscar-Winning Director, Is Dead at 73".The New York Times.Archived from the original on April 26, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  2. ^Seitz, Matt Zoller (April 26, 2017)."A musical soul: Jonathan Demme, 1944-2017".RogerEbert.com. Ebert Digital LLC.Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. RetrievedFebruary 14, 2020.Demme's laid back brand of optimistic humanism wasn't always a great fit for Hollywood projects, though he applied his talents to them so conscientiously and inventively that he briefly became an A-list director anyhow.
  3. ^"Dorothy Demme; Character Actress in Son's Movies".LA Times. December 9, 1995.Archived from the original on April 27, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  4. ^"Bonnie-B-Allen - User Trees - Genealogy.com".Familytreemaker.genealogy.com. Archived fromthe original on December 22, 2014. RetrievedApril 1, 2017.
  5. ^"Jonathan Demme Biography (1944–)".Film Reference.Archived from the original on March 23, 2009. RetrievedMarch 19, 2009.
  6. ^"14902: The silenced voice of Radio Haiti speaks again on film (fwd)". Archived fromthe original on March 1, 2014. RetrievedFebruary 17, 2014.
  7. ^Gilbey, Ryan (April 26, 2017)."Jonathan Demme obituary".The Guardian.Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  8. ^abDeCurtis, Anthony (March 24, 1994)."TheRolling Stone Interview: Jonathan Demme onPhiladelphia, Tom Hanks, homophobia".Rolling Stone.Archived from the original on April 26, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.Philadelphia was fueled by three of the director's staunchest convictions: that helping out people who are having a hard time is less a duty than a pleasure; that bigotry is more the result of ignorance than evil; and that for all the country's political outrages, goodness is deep in the American grain.
  9. ^Sragow, Michael (1984),"Jonathan Demme on the Line",American Film, no. January/February, archived fromthe original on July 7, 2004, retrievedMarch 18, 2009,Although his best two movies to date,Citizens Band (AKAHandle With Care, 1977) andMelvin and Howard (1980), were hailed for bringing the heartiness and sensitivity of a homegrown Jean Renoir into latter-day American film comedy, they failed to score at the box office.
  10. ^Kaplan, James (March 27, 1988),"Jonathan Demme's Offbeat America",The New York Times, p. 6.48,archived from the original on November 10, 2012, retrievedMarch 18, 2009,Paramount figured it might just have a sleeper hit in the small movie, but it took a wait-and-see attitude, spending little on advertising and promotion, and hoping the movie would hook onto the C.B. craze and catch.
  11. ^Williams, Phillip (October 11, 2002),"The Truth About Jonathan Demme",MovieMaker, archived fromthe original on March 1, 2009, retrievedMarch 18, 2009,We had a great time doing it and we were invited to the New York Film Festival, despite the fact that the film tanked horrendously—and famously—at the box office.
  12. ^Piepenbring, Dan (May 2017)."Watch Jonathan Demme's Pitch Black Eighties Sitcom Episode".The New Yorker.Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. RetrievedJune 5, 2022.
  13. ^abVineberg, Steve,"Swing Shift: A Tale of Hollywood",Sight & Sound,British Film Institute, archived fromthe original on May 18, 2003, retrievedMarch 19, 2009
  14. ^Uhlich, Keith (August 2004),"Jonathan Demme",Sense of Cinema,ISSN 1443-4059, archived fromthe original on December 25, 2010, retrievedMarch 19, 2009
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  19. ^Fleming, Michael (July 25, 2000)."Demme, Saxon to say adios". variety.com.Archived from the original on April 11, 2023. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  20. ^Pristin, Terry (March 31, 1992)."'Silence of the Lambs' Sweeps 5 Major Oscars".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. RetrievedMarch 15, 2014.
  21. ^abcFear, David; Reed, Ryan (April 26, 2017)."Jonathan Demme,Silence of the Lambs andPhiladelphia director, dead at 73".Rolling Stone.Archived from the original on April 26, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  22. ^abcLang, Brent; Dagan, Carmel (April 26, 2017)."Jonathan Demme,Silence of the Lambs director, dies at 73".Variety.Archived from the original on April 26, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  23. ^Grierson, Tim (April 26, 2017)."Why Jonathan Demme was one of the greatest concert movie directors ever".Rolling Stone.Archived from the original on April 26, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  24. ^Burr, Ty (October 12, 2008),"He's back",The Boston Globe,archived from the original on April 25, 2009, retrievedMarch 19, 2009,Warm rather than cold, forgiving rather than damning,Rachel is a throwback to the fluky, generous vibe that sustained the director's films in the late 1970s and 1980s –Handle With Care (1977),Melvin and Howard (1980),Stop Making Sense (1984),Something Wild (1986) andMarried to the Mob (1988).
  25. ^Olsen, Mark (September 28, 2008),"Jonathan Demme'sRachel Getting Married",Los Angeles Times,archived from the original on January 2, 2009, retrievedMarch 19, 2009,WithRachel Getting Married, Demme, 64, has returned to the playful, deeply humanist storytelling of such early work as 1980'sMelvin and Howard and 1986'sSomething Wild, both of which are widely acknowledged as having influenced a younger generation of filmmakers.
  26. ^Schickel, Richard (October 2, 2008),"Rachel Getting Married, Demme Getting Messy",Time, archived fromthe original on October 4, 2008, retrievedMarch 19, 2009,Back in the '70s and '80s he was the best – or at any rate the most promising – young American director. ... Demme's new film,Rachel Getting Married, is arguably an attempt on the part of the director to wend his way back to his roots.
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  33. ^"Paul Thomas Anderson's Favorite Films". criterion.com.Archived from the original on May 5, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
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  38. ^PFAWdotorg (July 25, 2008)."Muhammad Ali, Goldie Hawn, etc. on Music and the American Way". youtube.com.Archived from the original on January 5, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017 – via YouTube.
  39. ^PFAWdotorg (July 25, 2008)."Carol Burnett, Ned Beatty, etc. on Music and the American Wa".Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017 – via YouTube.
  40. ^PFAWdotorg (July 25, 2008)."Muhammad Ali et. al. on Sports and the American Way". youtube.com.Archived from the original on January 5, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017 – via YouTube.
  41. ^PFAWdotorg (July 25, 2008)."Carol Burnett, Ned Beatty, etc. on Music and the American Wa". youtube.com.Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. RetrievedApril 26, 2017 – via YouTube.
  42. ^Schruers, Fred (May 19, 1988)."Jonathan Demme: Making Movies for Love, Not Money".Rolling Stone.Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. RetrievedJuly 29, 2023.
  43. ^Baxter, Brian (January 17, 2002)."Ted Demme obituary".The Guardian.Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  44. ^"Friends of the Apollo". Oberlin College. Archived fromthe original on April 14, 2009. RetrievedJuly 6, 2009.
  45. ^"Jonathan Demme Passes Away".Oberlin College and Conservatory. June 6, 2017. Archived fromthe original on February 21, 2019. RetrievedFebruary 24, 2019.
  46. ^"Le cinéma soutient Roman Polanski / Petition for Roman Polanski - SACD".archive.ph. June 4, 2012. Archived fromthe original on March 22, 2017. RetrievedApril 20, 2022.
  47. ^Shoard, Catherine; Agencies (September 29, 2009)."Release Polanski, demands petition by film industry luminaries".The Guardian.Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. RetrievedJune 12, 2019.
  48. ^Freeman, Nate, ed. (April 26, 2017)."A Look into Jonathan Demme's History of Collecting Outsider Art". Art. News.Archived from the original on May 6, 2017. RetrievedJuly 17, 2017.
  49. ^Kohn, Eric; Sharf, Zack (April 26, 2017)."Jonathan Demme, Oscar-Winning Director of 'Silence of the Lambs,' Dies At 73".IndieWire.Archived from the original on December 16, 2022. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.
  50. ^"Jodie Foster Pays Tribute to Jonathan Demme, 'A Champion of the Soul'". April 26, 2017.Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. RetrievedApril 26, 2018.
  51. ^Cea, Max (December 8, 2018)."Vox Lux". RetrievedMarch 24, 2019.[permanent dead link]
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  53. ^"Film in 1992".British Academy of Film and Television Arts.Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. RetrievedJuly 4, 2016.
  54. ^Fox, David (December 28, 1991)."'Bugsy' Hits the Jackpot : Film Leads Golden Globe Field With 8 Nominations".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2018.
  55. ^"44th Annual DGA Awards".Directors Guild of America.Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. RetrievedAugust 18, 2018.
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  58. ^"44th Berlin International Film Festival 1994 – FilmAffinity". Archived fromthe original on March 3, 2016. RetrievedApril 26, 2017.

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