Jolande Jacobi | |
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| Born | Jolande Székács  25 March 1890 Budapest |
| Died | 1 April 1973 (aged 83) Zurich |
| Education | Doctor of Philosophy |
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Jolande Jacobi (25 March 1890 – 1 April 1973) was a Swiss psychologist, best remembered for her work withCarl Jung, and for her writings onJungian psychology.
Born inBudapest,Hungary (then underAustria-Hungary) as Jolande Szekacs, she became known as Jolande Jacobi after her marriage at the age of nineteen to Andor Jacobi.[1] She spent part of her life in Budapest (until 1919), part in Vienna (until 1938) and part in Zurich. Her parents wereJewish, but Jacobi converted first to theReformed faith (in 1911), later in life toRoman Catholicism (in 1934).[2] Jacobi met Jung in 1927, and later was influential in the establishment of theC.G. Jung Institute for Analytical Psychology inZurich in 1948, where she was nicknamed 'The Locomotive' for her extraversion and administrative drive.[3] Her students at the C.G. Jung Institute includedWallace Clift.[4] She died in Zurich, leaving one new book (entitled: "The tree as a symbol") uncompleted.
Jacobi's first publication was an outline of Jung's psychology in its classical form, expressing his ideas clearly and simply,[5] an outline which was to be translated into fifteen languages and go through many successful editions.[6] Jung himself would call her writings "avery good presentation of my concepts".[7] Her subsequent books continued to offer clear expositions of central, classic Jungian themes.
In the sixties, Jacobi was involved in a controversy at the Zurich Institute involving the question ofboundary violations with a patient on the part of the analystJames Hillman, something to which Jacobi took strong exception. The result was a firmer policy on, and greater explication of the need to avoid such violations at the institute.[8]
Jacobi's exposition of Jungianism is open to criticism for over-simplification and reification of Jung's more amorphous concepts of the unconscious.[9] Her belief that "The course of individuation exhibits a certain formal regularity...this absolute order of the unconscious"[10] laid her open to the charge of an over-literal interpretation of Jung; while her diagrams of the psyche – one with the ego at the centre, one with it at the periphery – inevitably provided only one-dimensional snapshots of the richness of psychic experience.[11]
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