Joko Widodo (Indonesian:[ˌd͡ʒokowiˈdodo]; bornMulyono,Indonesian:[muˈljono]; 21 June 1961), often known mononymously asJokowi (Indonesian:[d͡ʒoˈkowi]), is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the seventhpresident of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024. Previously a member of theIndonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the country's first president not to emerge from the country's political or military elite. He wasgovernor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014 and mayor ofSurakarta from 2005 to 2012.
Jokowi was born and raised in a riversideslum in Surakarta. He graduated fromGadjah Mada University in 1985, and married his wife,Iriana, a year later.[3][4] He worked as a carpenter and a furniture exporter before beingelected mayor of Surakarta in 2005.[5][6] He achieved national prominence as mayor and was elected governor ofJakartain 2012,[7] withBasuki Tjahaja Purnama as vice governor.[8][9] As governor, he reinvigorated local politics, introduced publicisedblusukan visits (unannounced spot checks)[10] and improved the city's bureaucracy, reducing corruption in the process. He also introduced a universal healthcare program, dredged the city's main river to reduce flooding, and inaugurated the construction ofthe city's subway system.[11]
In2014, Jokowi was nominated as the PDI-P's candidate in that year's presidential election,[12] choosingJusuf Kalla as hisrunning mate. Jokowi was elected over his opponent,Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome of the election, and wasinaugurated on 20 October 2014.[13][14] Since taking office, Jokowi has focused on economic growth and infrastructure development as well as an ambitioushealth andeducation agenda.[15] During his presidency, there was massive infrastructure development and improvement in various parts of Indonesia, so he was nicknamed the "Father of Indonesian Infrastructure".[16] On foreign policy, his administration has emphasised "protecting Indonesia's sovereignty,"[17] with the sinking of illegal foreign fishing vessels[18] and the prioritising and scheduling ofcapital punishment for drug smugglers. The latter was despite intense representations and diplomatic protests from foreign powers, including Australia and France.[19][20] He was re-elected in2019 for a second five-year term, again defeating Prabowo Subianto.[21]
In the2024 presidential election, Jokowi was widely perceived by analysts and media as favouring Prabowo,[22] who ran with his sonGibran Rakabuming Raka, and subsequently won the election. He made public appearances with the pair but issued no formal endorsement. Allegations of state resource misuse[23] to benefit their ticket were denied by thepresidential office and deemed unproven by theConstitutional Court (MK).[24] This strained his relationship with PDI-P, leading to his formal ousting (along with Gibran andBobby Nasution, his son-in-law) in December 2024, months after the MK rejected all claims ofelectoral fraud.[25]
Joko Widodo was born asMulyono at Brayat Minulya General Hospital in Surakarta, on 21 June 1961.[31][32][33] Jokowi is of Javanese heritage. He is the only son ofWidjiatno Notomihardjo andSudjiatmi and the eldest of four siblings. His father came fromKaranganyar, while his grandparents came from a village inBoyolali.[34] His three younger sisters are Iit Sriyantini,Idayati, and Titik Relawati.[35][36] Jokowi was often sick as a toddler, and his name was thus changed—a common practice inJavanese culture—to Joko Widodo, withwidodo meaning "healthy" inJavanese.[32] At the age of 12, he started working in his father's furniture workshop.[37][38] Jokowi's family lived in three different rented homes (one of which the government declaredcondemned property) during his youth, which greatly affected him. Later, he organized low income housing inSurakarta during his years as mayor of that city.[39]
Jokowi's education began at State Elementary School 111 Tirtoyoso, an ordinary public school.[40] He continued his studies at State Junior High School 1 Surakarta.[41] Later, he wanted to attend State Senior High School 1 Surakarta, but did not score high enough in the entrance exam. Therefore, he enrolled in the newer State Senior High School 6 in that city.[42]
After graduating from university, Jokowi began working at PTKertas Kraft Aceh [id] (KKA), astate-owned firm inAceh,Sumatra.[43] He worked in the present-dayBener Meriah Regency between 1986 and 1988 as a supervisor of forestry and raw materials at aSumatran pine plantation.[44][45] However, Jokowi soon lost interest in the firm and returned home. He worked in his grandfather's furniture factory for a year before establishing his own company, Rakabu, whose namesake is his first child. He obtained his initial capital from a Rp 15 million investment from his father and a bank loan. The company, which mainly focused onteak furniture, nearly went bankrupt at one point but survived following an IDR 500 million loan fromPerusahaan Gas Negara. By 1991, the company began exporting its products, and they were successful in international markets. The firm first established a presence in the European market in France, and it was a French customer named Bernard who gave Joko Widodo the nickname "Jokowi".[43][46][6]
By 2002, Jokowi had become the chairman of Surakarta's furniture manufacturers association.[6] Ultimately he decided to become a politician and promote reform in his home town, Surakarta, after seeing the neat layouts of some European cities while promoting his furniture there.[38] After becoming mayor, he also made a joint venture with politician and formerlieutenant generalLuhut Binsar Pandjaitan, when the two founded PT Rakabu Sejahtera (from Rakabu and Luhut's PT Toba Sejahtera).[47][48]
In 2018, Jokowi reported his net worth to be Rp 50.25 billion (US$3.5 million), mostly in the form of property holdings in Central Java and Jakarta.[49]
Official portrait of Joko Widodo as mayor of Surakarta, 2005Joko Widodo as Surakarta's mayor and his deputyF. X. Hadi Rudyatmo in traditional Javanesewayang wong costume, 2011
After first joining PDI-P in 2004, Jokowi ran in themayoral race in Surakarta in 2005 withF. X. Hadi Rudyatmo as his running mate, with the support of PDI-P and theNational Awakening Party.[50][51] The pair won 36.62% of the vote against the incumbentSlamet Suryanto and two other candidates. During the campaign, many questioned his background as a property and furniture businessman. However, one academic paper claimed his leadership style was successful because it established an interactive relationship with the people, through which he was able to induce people's strong faith in him.[52] He adopted the development framework of European cities (which he frequently travelled to as a businessman) as a guide for changes in Surakarta.[53]
His notable policies as mayor include[54] building new traditional markets and renovating existing markets, constructing a 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta's main street, revitalising the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city's main streets, rebranding the city as a centre of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline "The Spirit of Java", promoting the city as a centre for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare and education insurance program for all residents, a localbus rapid transit system namedBatik Solo Trans and a Solo Techno Park, which helped support theEsemka Indonesian car project.[55]
It was during his tenure as mayor that he conducted theblusukan, an impromptu visit to specific areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular later in his political career. He also prohibited his family members from bidding for city projects, therefore suppressing the risk of corruption. His policies brought him into conflict with then provincial governorBibit Waluyo, who on one occasion called Jokowi a "fool" for the latter's opposition to a provincial construction project in Surakarta.[56]
His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and the city's branding with the motto 'Solo: The Spirit of Java.' While in office, he successfully relocated antique stalls in the Banjarsari Gardens without incident, a helpful move in revitalising the functions of the open green space; he emphasised the importance of business firms engaging in community activities; he improved communications with the local community by appearing regularly on local television. As a follow-up of the city's new branding, he applied for Surakarta to become a member of theOrganization of World Heritage Cities, which was approved in 2006, and subsequently had the city chosen to host the organisation's conference in October 2008.[57]
Part of Jokowi style was his populist 'can-do' (punya gaye) elements designed to build bonds with the broad electorate.[52] As mayor, he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to $1 million (IDR 8.9 billion) owed to the state-owned electricity companyPerusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN).[60]
Following its policy of pursuing a more disciplined approach to collecting overdue bills, it imposed a blackout on street lights in the city just before Christmas. The city government quickly authorised payment, but in settling the bill, protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking such action. To reinforce the point, Jokowi made a highly publicised personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the IDR 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins.[61]
In 2010, he wasre-elected for a second term, again running with Hadi. They won 90.09% of the vote, losing in only a single polling station.[62] He was later chosen as the 'Tempo Leader of Choice' byTempo news magazine (2008) and received a 'Changemakers Award' fromRepublika newspaper (2010); his name also started being considered in national polls for the governorship of Jakarta, long before PDI-P's nomination, including those byUniversity of Indonesia and Cyrus Network (2011).[52]
In 2012, Jokowi faced a smear campaign after declaring his intention to run for thegovernorship of Jakarta.[63] A group calling itselfSave Solo, Save Jakarta and Save Indonesia Team (TS3) reported him to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for allegedly having facilitated misuse of education funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in 2010. The KPK investigated the allegation, found it was based on false data and said there was no indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds.[64]
Despite disappointment from some Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second term as mayor,[65] Jokowi ran in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election and defeated the incumbentFauzi Bowo in a runoff round.[7] His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta reportedly included people such as F. X. Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta, as well asBasuki Tjahaja Purnama ("Ahok"), his deputy as governor of Jakarta.[66][67] Jokowi continued theblusukan practice he had adopted as mayor of Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers, especially slums. During these visits, he wore simple, informal clothes and stopped at markets or walked along narrow Jakarta alleys to listen and witness firsthand issues addressed by residents, such as the price of food, housing difficulties, flooding, and transportation. Polling and media coverage suggested that his hands-on style proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.[68]
After taking office, taxes and Jakarta's provincial budget increased significantly from IDR 41 trillion in 2012 to IDR 72 trillion in 2014.[69] Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and the provincial budget.[70][71] They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a cash management system.[70] Moreover, all meetings and activities that Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.[72]
Jokowi on ablusukan neighborhood visit in Jakarta
In healthcare, Jokowi introduced a universal health care program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Sehat, KJS).[73] It involved an insurance program provided through state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures.[74] The program was criticised for confusion over details of the implementation and long queues,[75] though Jokowi defended it and counselled patience. In education, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) on 1 December 2012 to help needy students. It gives an allowance that can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs such as books and uniforms.[76]
In 2013, Jokowi was reported to theNational Commission on Human Rights over the eviction of the squatters nearPluit. In previous "political contracts", he had vowed not to evict residents to distant locations.[87][88] Jokowi met with Pluit residents and Komnas HAM to explain the evictions were necessary for restoring water catchment to reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to low-cost apartments.[89][90]
The media popularity of Jokowi on Indonesian politics and the Indonesian economy has been termed the "Jokowi Effect". When Jokowi was declared as a presidential candidate in the2014 presidential election it is believed that the popularity of theIndonesian Democratic Party of Struggle was boosted to 30% in the2014 legislative election.[91] Meanwhile, in the capital market, the effect is said to have stimulated the Indonesian stock market andRupiah, because Jokowi was regarded as having a clean track record.[92] The Jokowi Effect was also commonly cited as a reason for Prabowo Subianto's victory in the2024 Indonesian presidential election.[93][94]
Megawati Sukarnoputri nominated Jokowi to be the presidential candidate of her party.[12] During the campaign, a social media volunteer team,JASMEV, once made a provocative statement by threatening that Islam would not be given a space in Indonesia if Jokowi won the 2014 election.[95][96] The group was paid IDR 500 million to campaign for the Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla ticket during the 2014 election.[97]
Following the release of Quick Count results from many different polls, Jokowi declared victory on 9 July. However, his opponentPrabowo also declared victory, creating confusion among the population.[98] On 22 July, hours before the announcement of the election results, Prabowo withdrew.[99] Jokowi's victory was expected and realised hours later.[100][99] TheGeneral Elections Commission (KPU) gave him a close victory with 53.15% of the vote (almost 71 million votes), to Prabowo's 46.85% (62 million votes),[101] though Prabowo's camp disputed these totals.[102]
After his victory, Jokowi stated that growing up under the authoritarian and corruptNew Order regime, he would have never expected someone with a lower-class background to become president.The New York Times reported him as saying, "Now, it's quite similar to America, yeah? There is theAmerican dream, and here we have the Indonesian dream."[103] Jokowi was the first Indonesian president outside the military or the political elite, and the political commentator Salim Said gave the popular view of the politician as "someone who is our neighbour, who decided to get into politics and run for president."[103]
In 2018, Jokowi announced that he would run for re-electionnext year. His vice presidentJusuf Kalla was not eligible for another term because of the term limits set for president and vice president. Kalla had already served a five-year term as vice president duringSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono's first term (2004–2009). Speculation surrounding Jokowi's choice of running mate focused on several candidates, includingMahfud MD, a former defence minister and chief justice of theConstitutional Court. In a surprise move, Jokowi announced thatMa'ruf Amin would be his running mate. Mahfud had reportedly been preparing for the vice-presidential candidacy. Ma'ruf was selected instead following a push by several constituent parties of Jokowi's governing coalition and influential Islamic figures.[104] Explaining his decision, Jokowi referred to Ma'ruf's extensive experience in government and religious affairs.[105]
The KPU officially announced that the Joko Widodo-Ma'ruf Amin ticket had won the election in the early hours of 21 May 2019.[106] The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi (55.50%) and 68 million votes for Prabowo (44.50%).[107] Supporters of Prabowo protested in Jakarta against the result, andit turned into a riot which left eight people dead and over 600 injured.[108] Following the protests, Prabowo's campaign team launched a Constitutional Court lawsuit but was rejected in its entirety.[109]
Joko Widodo's initial cabinet lines-up in 2014 (top) and 2019 (bottom)
Despite vowing not to give government positions simply to political allies during the 2014 campaign, many members of political parties received ministerial positions in Jokowi's first cabinet.[110][111] The first year of Jokowi's administration saw him controlling aminority government untilGolkar, the second-largest party in thePeople's Representative Council (DPR), switched from opposition to the government. Jokowi denied accusations of interfering with Golkar's internal affairs, although he admitted that Luhut might have influenced the change.[112] His cabinet'sMinister of IndustryAirlangga Hartarto was elected chairman of Golkar in 2018.[113] TheNational Mandate Party (PAN) had also switched sides beforehand but later returned to being the opposition in 2018.[114][115]
Jokowi announced the 34 names in his cabinet on 26 October 2014.[116] While it was praised for the inclusiveness of women, withRetno Marsudi becoming Indonesia's first female foreign minister, it received criticism for several perceived political inclusions, such asPuan Maharani (daughter ofMegawati Sukarnoputri).[117] The Jokowi administration also saw the formation of two new ministries (Ministry of Public Works and Housing andMinistry of Environment and Forestry) from a merger of old ministries, in addition to renaming and reorganisation of other ministries.[118] He conducted a total of three cabinet reshuffles until 2018, removing ministers such asRizal Ramli andBambang Brodjonegoro while including ministers such as Luhut andWorld Bank DirectorSri Mulyani Indrawati.[119] Another reshuffle occurred in December 2020, replacing six ministers including two apprehended by the KPK.[120]
He was criticised by PDI-P over perceived policy weaknesses, and PDI-P legislatorEffendi Simbolon called for his impeachment.[121] On 9 April 2015, during a PDI-P Congress, party leaderMegawati Sukarnoputri referred to Jokowi as a functionary. She noted that presidential candidates are nominated by political parties, hinting that Jokowi owed his position to the party and should carry out its policy line.[122][123] Several months prior, Megawati and Jokowi had disputed over the appointment of a new police chief, with Megawati supporting her former adjutant Budi Gunawan while Jokowi supportedBadrodin Haiti.[112][124][125]
Following his re-election, Jokowi announced his second cabinet on 23 October 2019. He retained several ministers such as Sri Mulyani and Luhut but also includedGojek founderNadiem Makarim and two-time presidential rivalPrabowo Subianto as education and defence ministers, respectively.[126] Widodo emphasized Indonesia's identity as a maritime nation, launching the “Global Maritime Fulcrum” vision to strengthen sovereignty, economic growth, and environmental protection across the archipelago's vast seas.[127]
In the first year of his second presidential term, his approval rating fell to 45.2%, and the disapproval rating was 52%.[128][129] His deputy, Ma'ruf Amin, had a 67% disapproval rating. The low ratings were attributed to unpopular policies. At the start of 2023, his approval ratings had reached an all-time high of 76.2%, following easing of COVID-19 restrictions.[130]
Early in his first term, the opposition coalition within the DPR attempted to revoke a regulation (Perppu, Government Regulation in Lieu of Acts) issued by Jokowi's predecessor, which had guaranteed the holding of direct regional elections in Indonesia (and overrode a legislator-issued bill which arranged for indirect elections).[131] Jokowi supported the direct regional elections and opposed attempts to revoke the regulation, stating that "direct regional elections was, in principle, non-negotiable".[132] Within the first three years of his administration, Jokowi issued four suchPerppu.[133] Jokowi's government, including parties which opposed him during presidential elections, have been described as abig tent government, and by former Singaporean foreign ministerGeorge Yeo as "democracy with Javanese characteristics".[134]
Following his re-election in 2019, a number of prominent politicians began floating the idea of amending the constitution to permit Jokowi to run for a third term in 2024.[135][136] Key cabinet members voicing their support for a term limit extension included Coordinating MinistersAirlangga Hartarto andLuhut Binsar Pandjaitan.[137] The proposal became more prominent following theCOVID-19 pandemic, due to disruptions to government programs in his second term. By April 2022, Jokowi explicitly announced that he would not be seeking a third term, and ordered his cabinet to refrain from publicly speaking about a term limit extension or an election delay.[138]
While not running for a third term, Jokowi explicitly stated to media outlets that he would not be a neutral actor,[139] and will "meddle" in the2024 presidential election. He also held meetings with leaders of political parties in his capacity as president.[140][141][142] In September 2023, during a public rally, Jokowi stated that he was in possession of intelligence information collected by government agencies (namingBIN andBAIS) on internal workings of political parties.[143][144] In October 2023, Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of IndonesiaAnwar Usman (Jokowi's brother-in-law) made a ruling which created a loophole for the minimum age requirement of presidential and vice-presidential candidates, hence allowing Jokowi's sonGibran Rakabuming Raka to run as Prabowo's running mate in 2024. Usman was later reprimanded by a judicial panel for the decision and was made to step down as Chief Justice.[145] On 12 February 2024, investigative journalistDandhy Laksono released a documentary on YouTube directed by him, titledDirty Vote, alleging that Jokowi used state funds to support Prabowo's campaign.[146] Prabowo ultimately won the election with a wide margin, which analysts attributed to Jokowi's support.[147][148][149] Jokowi was further accused of interference in the2024 Indonesian local elections due to a controversy over requirements of candidate age (notably affecting his sonKaesang Pangarep) and political support (notably affectingAnies Baswedan, known as a staunch critic of his administration).[150]
Near the end of his second presidential term, however, his relationship with PDI-P deteriorated because he supportedPrabowo for his2024 presidential campaign, instead of his own party's presidential candidate,Ganjar Pranowo; Jokowi's elder son,Gibran Rakabuming Raka, even ran as Prabowo's vice-presidential candidate.[151] On 22 April 2024, after the Constitutional Court rejection over all claims and disputes related to the 2024 presidential election, the PDI-P Honorary Council declared that both Jokowi and Gibran would no longer be PDI-P members,[152][153] thus, confirming their separation from PDI-P. Despite that, in their termination, Jokowi and Gibran are still allowed to retain their membership card, because the PDI-P still honored them as the sitting/outgoing president and incoming vice president respectively. However, their cards now do not grant them any rights within the party.[154] The full expulsion was declared completed on 4 December 2024.[155][156]
Judicial executions in Indonesia are carried out under a presidential decree following a death sentence imposed by a trial court.[157] Jokowi in 2015 said he would not grantclemency for drug offenders sentenced to death, arguing Indonesia was in astate of emergency overdrug-related crimes, citing statistics theJakarta Globe reported to be faulty.[158][159] His stance drew criticism as it could harm relations with the native countries of the condemned convicts,[160] and also imperil Indonesians facing the death penalty abroad.[161][162] Australia, Brazil and the Netherlands recalled their ambassadors from Indonesia following multiple executions in 2015.[19][163] Australia reduced its foreign aid to Indonesia by nearly half,[164] andAmnesty International issued a condemnation saying they showed a "complete disregard for due process and human rights safeguards".[165] FormerIndonesian Constitutional Court chief justiceJimly Asshiddiqie, who was a key player in the anti-death penalty lobby in Jakarta, said the push for the execution of AustraliansMyuran Sukumaran andAndrew Chan had come from Jokowi personally.[166]The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Jokowi did not have or read related documents when he refused their clemency requests.[167] In the same year, Jokowi granted Frenchman Serge Atlaoui andFilipinoMary Jane Veloso temporary reprieves due to pending legal appeals.[167] As of 2017, around 260 people remain on death row in Indonesia.[168]
Regarding terrorism, Jokowi's administration in early 2016 proposed replacing the 2003 anti-terrorism law. Following the 2018Surabaya bombings, the worst terrorist attack on Indonesian soil since the2002 Bali bombings, the controversial bill passed, allowing theIndonesian National Armed Forces to participate incounter-terrorism activities upon police request and presidential approval.[169] It also allowed extended detention of terror suspects and permitted wiretapping without initial court approval.[170] Jokowi had threatened to issue a presidential regulation in lieu of law (Perppu) if the bill did not pass the parliament by June that year.[171]
During Jokowi's administration, there have been numerous instances where people were arrested or reported to police for activities deemed insulting to the president.[172][173] Rights activists deem such arrests as a violation of theConstitution's guarantee of freedom of speech.[174][175] A group claiming to be Jokowi's supporters reportedTempo magazine to police over a caricature of Jokowi asPinocchio,[176][177] after which the Presidential Palace issued a statement saying "the President respected freedom of press and speech".[178] A book about Jokowi titledJokowi Undercover was banned upon release and its author sentenced to three years in prison[179] and buyers of the book being advised to surrender their copies to the authorities.[180]Tempo magazine described the 436-page book as "trashy and tasteless, a compilation of hoax reports on President Joko Widodo, scattered across the internet and cyber chatrooms".[181] The government's plans to resurrect a Dutch colonial law that would permit imprisonment for insulting the presidentresulted in widespread protests.[182][183] A Law Firm and Public Interest Law Office (AMAR) institution later reported following the protests that they received many complaints of students regarding threats and sanctions of expulsion or suspension from their schools and universities.[184] In addition, a remission granted to a journalist's murderer was revoked following media criticism.[185][186]
In response to major protests, Jokowi's administration has generated some controversies. On 22 May 2019, amid post-election riots by supporters of losing presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto, the government limited the speed at which photos and videos could be shared on social media to stop people from being incited by fake news and calls for violence.[187][188] In the aftermath,Amnesty International's Indonesian office denounced repressive measures against the demonstrators, condemned them as a grave human rights abuse and demanded the government investigate the extrajudicial executions in the clashes.[189][190] In August and September 2019, the government blocked internet access in Papua and West Papua provinces amidviolent protests against racism. Jakarta State Administrative Court in 2020 ruled the internet blocks in Papua illegal.[191]
In 2017, Jokowi supported a controversial bill on mass organisations, which upon passing resulted in the disbandment of the Indonesian branch ofHizb ut-Tahrir. He argued the law was necessary to defend the national ideology,Pancasila.[192] The 2020 banning of theIslamic Defenders Front (FPI) was also based on that law.[193] Twenty-three days' earlier, police had shot dead six FPI members during a confrontation.[194][195] The president's subsequent defence of the police during their duty and his statement that no citizens should break the law or harm the country[196][197] was criticised by FPI secretary-general Munarman as a justification of human rights abuse andstructural violence.[198] A police chief involved in the car chase and subsequent murder claimed that the members were armed.[194] After the passing of several controversial bills and repressive crackdowns from security officers on major protests since 2019,[199] his presidency has been criticised for "neo-authoritarianism".[200][201][202][203] TheSouth China Morning Post even named him 'LittleSuharto.'[5]
A premium price hike of public health careBPJS Kesehatan through Executive Order (Perpres) 64/2020 was criticised as a flagrant breach of permanentSupreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) decision[204] that nullified thePerpres 82/2018 about the price hike. ThePerpres 64/2020 itself was signed amid the COVID-19 pandemic that had caused hardship among the population.[205][206] His former deputy mayor of Surakarta,F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo, also voiced similar concerns.[207]
Jokowi's presidency coincided with the 50th anniversary of theIndonesian mass killings of 1965–66 in 2015. A government-supported symposium to resolve human rights violations surrounding the event was held in 2016, but Jokowi said his government would not apologise to the victims of the mass purge.[208][209] OnLGBT rights, Jokowi stated that "there should be no discrimination against anyone", but added that "in terms of our beliefs, [the LGBT lifestyle] isn't allowed, Islam does not allow it."[210] Under his presidency, the controversialtransmigration program was cut once more, when in 2015, it was decided to end the migration program to the Papuan provinces.[211]
Following the July 2022murder of Nofriansyah Yosua Hutabarat, an Indonesian police officer, there were allegations of police involvement in a cover-up. Police chief GeneralListyo Sigit Prabowo took over the investigation, forming a special team including members of the Human Rights Commission and Police Commissions.[212] Jokowi was keen for the force to be open about what happens: "Open it as it is. No cover-up. Transparent. That's it. This is important so that the people don't have doubts over the incident that occurred. This is what has to be maintained. Public trust in the police must be maintained."[213] In August 2022, Hutabarat's former superior, Inspector General Ferdy Sambo, head of internal affairs of the Indonesian National Police, along with three others, was charged with Hutabarat's murder.[214][215]
On 27 December 2023, hundreds of students from various universities inAceh, such as Abulyatama University, Bina Bangsa Getsempena University, andUniversity of Muhammadiyah Aceh, stormed a shelter forRohingya refugees and forced them out of a convention center in the city ofBanda Aceh, demanding them to be deported.[216][217] The students were also seen kicking the belongings of the Rohingya men, women, and children who were seated on the floor and crying in fear. They burned tires and chanted "Kick them out" and "Reject Rohingya in Aceh." Joko Widodo later responded by inviting society to maintain tolerance and peace and to unite in maintaining a sense of unity, cooperation, and humanity, as well as being alert to world crises, such as food and economic crises, disputes between nations, and war.[216][218]
Before taking office, Jokowi sought for outgoing presidentSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) to take responsibility for the decision to further increase fuel prices[219] by further removing subsidies.[220] Previous attempts by SBY to do so had resulted in civil unrest.[219] On 1 January 2015, Jokowi took measures that, on the surface, appeared to reduce fuel subsidies.[221][222] The policy stirred up some demonstrations, with Jokowi citing it as necessary to increase funding for the infrastructure, education and health sectors.[223] However, since March 2015, the government has set the price of Premium-branded petrol far below the market price, causing the fuel subsidy to be incurred by state-owned oil companyPertamina instead of the direct government account.[224] Additionally, the government also implemented a single-price program, aiming to sell fuel through official channels at the same price nationally, including in isolated parts ofKalimantan andPapua. The government claimed that this was achieved in 2017.[225]
In the first quarter of 2015, year-on-year GDP grew 4.92%, and in the second quarter, it grew 4.6%, the lowest figure since 2009.[226][227][228] Since then, growth has remained above the 5% mark, which is still below what is considered a healthy economic.[229] TheIndonesian rupiah (IDR) has also weakened throughout Jokowi's administration, with its exchange rate perUS dollar briefly passing IDR 15,000 in 2018, the lowest level since the1997 Asian financial crisis, and sank lower to 16,700 in 2020.[230][231] The year-on-year inflation in June 2015 was 7.26%, higher than in May (7.15%) and June the year before (6.7%).[232]
In 2016, the administration signed into law atax amnesty bill following a lengthy public debate and push back, giving wealthy Indonesians a chance to declare their unreported assets before the government would strengthen rules and oversight around imports and exports. It became the most successful program of its kind in history, with over IDR 4,865 trillion (approximately US$366 billion) of previously unreported assets declared to the tax office.[233][234]
Infrastructure development has been a significant feature of the Jokowi administration, focusing on road and railway expansion, seaports and airports development, and irrigation. In 2016, the state budget allocated Rp 290 trillion (US$22 billion) for infrastructure, the biggest in Indonesian history.[235] In total, his administration planned 265 infrastructure projects starting in 2016.[236] In September 2015, Indonesia awarded a $5.5 billionhigh-speed rail project to China,[237][238] to Japan's disappointment, which is also vying for the project.[239] Indonesia's transportation ministry laid out a litany of shortcomings in plans for the project, casting doubt on the project and spotlighting Jokowi's limits in turning mega-projects into reality as he tries to draw foreign investors.[240] Other significant projects include the completion of the 4,325-kilometreTrans Papua road and theTrans-Java Toll Road,[241][242] initial construction of theTrans-Sulawesi Railway[243] and theTrans-Sumatra Toll Road,[244] a US$50 billion plan to develop the maritime sector including 24 "strategic ports",[245] and expansion of airport capacity in remote areas.[246] The ports' development and modernisation program, dubbed the "Sea Toll Road" program, was aimed to reduce price inequality between the better developed western parts of the country and the less populated eastern parts.[247]
The opposition criticised the aggressive spending on infrastructure as it increased Indonesia's national debt by 48% between 2014 and March 2018 to US$181 billion. They also pointed out that most of the debt was allocated for remunerations rather than infrastructure development.[248][249][250] In April 2018, Jokowi also issued a new policy that allows foreign workers in Indonesia without Indonesian language skills requirement,[251] reasoning that it would increase investments.[252] The policy faced significant opposition from local labour unions, who claimed that the policy would increase unemployment rates.[253][254]
Prospective participants who meet the requirements for the Pre-Employment Card will receive training funds of IDR 1,000,000 which can then be spent through digital platforms that are partners of the program's management. Training curated from more than 150 training institutions can be purchased and followed online from anywhere.[256]
During theCOVID-19 outbreak, the government changed the Pre-Employment Card to a semi-social assistance program to help the workforce affected by layoffs (PHK) and those who had just graduated from formal education.[257] To expand the scope of assistance, the budget was doubled to IDR 20 trillion. By issuing the Pre-Employment Card in April 2020, the government hopes that this card will provide benefits and solutions through the pre-employment card such as: helping to reduce training costs borne by workers and companies, being able to reduce costs in finding information about trainingimproving Indonesian human resources to be more skilled and competitive in the world of work, making it an addition to formal educationThrough this pre-employment card program.[258] Unfortunately, this very good program was not developed further, only limited to online training.
In 2020, the DPR passed theOmnibus Law on Job Creation. Though intended to boost investment and reducered tape, it is also perceived as weakening labour and environmental protections, causing aseries of protests in major cities. Jokowi defended the law by saying that it would be needed to create jobs and called for protesters to lodge a challenge instead to theConstitutional Court of Indonesia.[259] The law, which revised over 70 previous laws and contained some 1,200 clauses, had been put forward by Jokowi following his 2019 re-election. Several groups had criticised the opaqueness of the government during the deliberation of the law.[260] In the same year, Indonesia hit the lowest inflation level in history[261] and faced the first economic recession since the 1997 Asian Financial crisis.[262]
The Jokowi administration continued its predecessor's naturalresource nationalism policy, increasing the government's shareholding in multinational companies such asFreeport McMoRan,TotalEnergies andChevron. In 2018, in a move aimed to cut imports, oil companies operating in Indonesia were ordered to sell their crude oil to state-ownedPertamina.[268] A ban was also enforced on the exports of raw nickel ore, intended to help promote the development of local nickel-related industries such as smelters and battery factories.[269] The policy was further extended, with export bans of unprocessed copper, tin, bauxite and gold ores expected to come into force in mid 2023.[270] By 2023,Indonesian nickel exports had risen from US$3 billion annually to US$30 billion.[271]
Joko Widodo meeting with Ukrainian PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv on 29 June 2022 (top) and with Russian PresidentVladimir Putin in Moscow on 30 June 2022 (bottom)
Indonesian President Joko Widodo meeting Chinese PresidentXi Jinping
Prior to Jokowi's election, Indonesia's foreign policy was shaped by his predecessor's statement, "a thousand friends and zero enemies."[272] Jokowi has mandated a three-pronged policy of maintaining Indonesia's sovereignty, enhancing the protection of Indonesian citizens, and intensifying economic diplomacy.[17] The Indonesian foreign policy under his tenure has been described as "pragmatic and inward-looking," with a focus on economic development and attracting investment.[273][274] Throughout his ten years in office, he did not attend a single session of theUnited Nations General Assembly, although he did gave two address it virtually in 2020 and 2021.[274]
On theterritorial disputes in the South China Sea, particularly in theNatuna Islands where China'snine-dash line intercepts IndonesianEEZ claims, Jokowi stated that "there will be no compromise on sovereignty,"[279] and renamed Indonesia's section of the waters in theSouth China Sea as "North Natuna Sea".[280] In June 2016, he held a cabinet meeting off the islands aboard theIndonesian Navy corvetteKRIImam Bonjol, calling to step up maritime patrols in the area.[281] Under his administration, Indonesia has released an "Indo-Pacific Vision" forASEAN countries, which calls for regional architecture and considers theIndian andPacific Oceans as a single interconnected geostrategic area.[282] Indonesia also entered a trilateral cooperation agreement with Malaysia and the Philippines, allowing coordinated patrols in the pirate-infestedSulu Sea.[283]
Responding to theRussian invasion of Ukraine, Jokowi visited both countries in July 2022, meeting with both Ukrainian PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy and Russian PresidentVladimir Putin, emphasizing in statements the need forpeace and for the restoration of global food supply chains.[290] Despite his visit achieved nothing in contributing peace between both countries, Jokowi was praised for his effort as a mediator.[291][292] As Indonesia hosted the2022 G20 Summit that year, Jokowi also invited Zelenskyy to attend,[293] while resisting calls to revoke Russia's invitation to the summit.[294]
During a press conference at the White House on 14 November 2023, Jokowi called for a ceasefire in theGaza war, "for the sake of humanity," and urged US PresidentJoe Biden to do more to end "atrocities" in theGaza Strip.[295] On 11 October, 2024, 2 IndonesianTNI soldiers serving asUNIFIL peacekeepers were injured byIDF tank gunfire on the UNIFIL headquarters located inNaqoura, southernLebanon.[296] In response, Jokowi called for caution amidst the apparentescalation and widening of the Israel-Hamas War to Lebanon.[297]
By April 2019, it was made public that Jokowi had decided in a meeting with cabinet ministers to move thecapital of Indonesia away from Jakarta to a location outsideJava.[298] On 25 August 2019, it was further announced that the new capital would be located inKalimantan, between the regencies ofPenajam North Paser andKutai Kartanegara.[299] On 30 July 2024, Jokowi began working in the new capital, which was calledNusantara.[300]
Jokowi's second term ended on 20 October 2024, and he was succeeded byPrabowo Subianto with Jokowi's eldest son becoming vice president.[301] In the2024 Indonesian local elections, he publicly endorsed 84 candidates for governors, mayors and regents.[302] Jokowi-backed candidates received a significant boost in the election, namely inCentral Java where the candidate backed by Jokowi defeated the PDI-P backed candidate in the party's traditional stronghold, and inNorth Sumatra where Jokowi's son-in-lawBobby Nasution defeated the previous governor.[303]
In April 2025, Jokowi joined the advisory board ofBloomberg New Economy. Other major former government figures in the board included Italian former PMMario Draghi and U.S. former secretary of commerceGina Raimondo.[304]
Joko Widodo and First Lady Iriana hosting Philippine presidentBongbong Marcos at theBogor Palace in Java on 5 September 2022
Jokowi married his wifeIriana on 24 December 1986. The couple has two sons and one daughter.[305] Their first son,Gibran Rakabuming Raka (born 1 October 1987), studied abroad in Sydney and Singapore (at the Management Development Institute of Singapore, MDIS) and served as the mayor ofSurakarta, Jokowi's hometown, from 2021 to 2024. Their only daughter, Kahiyang Ayu (born 20 April 1992), completed an undergraduate degree in food technology at the state-ownedSebelas Maret University in Surakarta. Their second son,Kaesang Pangarep (born 25 December 1994), completed his high school years inACS International, Singapore,[306] is mostly known as an online vlogger. Jokowi has five grandchildren: a grandson and a granddaughter from Gibran (born in 2016 and 2019 respectively)[307] and a granddaughter and two grandsons from Kahiyang (born in 2018, 2020 and 2022 respectively).[308][309]
Jokowi has been described as "Muslim but broadly secular in his outlook."[316] His statement in 2019 thatreligion and politics should be separated prompted a public debate on whether he was promoting secularism in the country.[317] In June 2013, a film titledJokowi, depicting Jokowi's childhood and youth, was released.[318] He expressed some objections to the film, saying that he felt his life had been a simple one and was not worthy of being adapted into a film.[319]
According toThe Economist, Jokowi "has a penchant for loud rock music" and owned a bass guitar signed byRobert Trujillo of heavy metal bandMetallica which was confiscated by the KPK.[320] In November 2017, Danish Prime MinisterLars Løkke Rasmussen, who was on an official visit to Jakarta, gave Jokowi a MetallicaMaster of Puppets vinyl box set as adiplomatic gift. It was signed by the band's drummer and co-founder,Lars Ulrich, a Danish native.[321] Under his policy of transparency, Jokowi paid IDR 11 million ($800) out of his personal funds to claim the record, which had been declared a state asset to avoid accusations of gratification.[322] In support ofMegadeth's tour to Indonesia in 2018, the band's lead vocalistDave Mustaine invited Jokowi to attend the concert.[323] Unable to attend, Jokowi opens the concert through a video greeting, saying "I am a fan of Megadeth, I like their songs;Sweating Bullets,Ashes in Your Mouth, andWake Up Dead. Enjoy watching everyone".[324] He is also a fan of other metal bands includingLamb of God,Carcass andNapalm Death.[325] On 2 November 2013, while he was the Governor of Jakarta, he was seen in the rock festivalRock in Solo in casual dress.[326]
He has also been noted by many to be very similar in appearance to former US presidentBarack Obama;[327][328] his outsider political profile also inspired comparisons to Obama.[329][330]
Jokowi is asilat practitioner. He had been practicing Setia Hati Terate style fromPersaudaraan Setia Hati Terate school since his time at junior high school and eventually mastering it. He attained first degreependekar warga rank of the silat school on 16 November 2013.[331][332][333]
Jokowi was criticized for his policies that tend to weaken the opposition parties, limitingfreedom of speech, and repressive acts by law enforcement officials in demonstrations.[334] Other policies such as theOmnibus Law on Job Creation and the Electronic Information and Transaction Act (UU ITE) also became a topic of this accusation.[335] This was denied by thePDI-P secretary-generalHasto Kristiyanto, who said that the government was taking action against unlawful behavior such as damaging public facilities or spreading fake news so that what the security forces were doing was not a repressive action like the behavior of an authoritarian regime.[336] After the passing of several controversial bills and repressive actions by security forces against large protests since 2019,[337] his government was criticized for "Neo-authoritarianism", which was linked to theNew Order regime (Indonesia during Suharto's presidency).[334][338][201][202][203]South China Morning Post even gave him the nickname of "Little Suharto".[339]
Jokowi was strongly criticized after appointingHM Prasetyo asattorney general, because HM Prasetyo is considered not to have sufficient experience in the prosecutor's office and is considered to be entrusted to a political party.[340] He was also considered inconsistent because he appointedAirlangga Hartarto, General Chairman ofGolkar asMinister of Industry, after initially asking the minister not to hold concurrent positions as a political party administrator.[341] Previously,Puan Maharani also served as Chair of the PDI-P Central Committee for some time while serving asCoordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs.
Jokowi again attracted widespread controversy and protests from various elements of society when he proposed Commissioner GeneralBudi Gunawan to theDPR in mid-January 2015 as the sole candidate forNational Police Chief. Budi Gunawan was considered as having a bad record of being a police and was once an aide to former presidentMegawati Sukarnoputri which was considered as politics of "returning favor." A day before he was confirmed as a candidate by the DPR, he was named a suspect by theCorruption Eradication Commission in the alleged fat bank account case. President Jokowi then decided to postpone his inauguration as National Police Chief until the legal process involving Budi Gunawan was completed and appointed Deputy National Police Chief Commissioner GeneralBadrodin Haiti to carry out the daily duties of National Police Chief.[342] In the end,Badrodin Haiti was officially appointed as National Police Chief by President Jokowi on April 17, 2015,[343] then replaced byTito Karnavian, while Budi Gunawan assumed the position of Head ofBIN.[344] Because of his decision to not nominateBudi Gunawan as a candidate for the Chief of the National police, he was jeered byPDI-P party cadres.[345]
A miniatureguillotine emblazoned with Jokowi's face and posters containing criticism and accusations of Jokowi's dynasty politics during the 2024 protests.
Jokowi was accused ofdynastic politics at the end of his reign.[346] This accusation arose after his eldest son,Gibran Rakabuming Raka ran as a vice presidential candidate alongside presidential candidatePrabowo Subianto in the 2024 presidential election, following the Constitutional Court's decision with its chairmanAnwar Usman who is Jokowi's brother-in-law. Apart from that, this accusation is also increasingly being exaggerated when otherJokowi family such asBobby Nasution are planning to take part in the 2024 general election for Governor of North Sumatra,Kaesang Pangarep is a potential candidate to replace his older brother Gibran as mayor of Surakarta, as well asErina Gudono, Kaesang's wife, who is said to be running in the 2024 Sleman Regent general election.[347][346] Jokowi was also accused of nepotism and undermining "people's sovereignty".[348]Tempo magazine accused Jokowi dynasty politics of destroying democracy in Indonesia.Tempo also wrote that Jokowi's interference in the2024 Indonesian presidential election was a form of Jokowi's effort to protect him from legal consequences.[349] This culminated in the2024 Indonesian local election law protests after an attempt by the House of Representatives to drafting a bill on regional head elections (Pilkada) that contradicts theConstitutional Court's ruling and power.[350]
TheOrganized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) reported Jokowi to be included in their 2024 finalists for Person of the Year in Organized Crime and Corruption, being one of the people who received the most votes that year.[351] OCCRP stated that "civil society groups and experts say that Jokowi's government significantly weakenedIndonesia's anti-corruption commission" and that "Jokowi was also widely criticised for undermining Indonesia’s electoral and judicial institutions to benefit the political ambitions of his son, who is now vice-president."[352] Despite all this, the OCCRP announced the deposed Syrian presidentBashar al-Assad as the winner.[353]
In 2019, during the presidential candidate debate withPrabowo Subianto, Jokowi sought to win public support by cornering Prabowo, alleging that Prabowo owned approximately 120 hectares of land in Aceh.[354] In 2020, Joko Widodo enacted the Omnibus Law (Job Creation Law), which requires palm oil entrepreneurs to support smallholder plantations, in the name ofsocial justice for the poor people, provides an opportunity to legalize previously illegal forest land clearing.[355]
Then, during the floods in Aceh, North Sumatra, and West Sumatra at the end of 2025,[356] Jokowi's volunteer team again corneredPrabowo Subianto over his land ownership in Aceh and accusedSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono of being responsible for issuing the largest number of forest release permits,[357] according to Greenpeace data.
However, there is no evidence that PresidentSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono issued permits for forest clearing in degraded or critical lands before 2014, and there is also no evidence that Jokowi granted permits on critical lands that caused the floods in Aceh, West Sumatera, and North Sumatera.
On 12 February 2024, investigative journalistDandhy Laksono released a documentary on YouTube directed by him, titledDirty Vote, alleging that Joko Widodo used state funds to support Prabowo Subianto's campaign, becoming viral within the day and prompting accusations of sabotage by Prabowo's campaign team.[358] The presidential office denied the claims, while protests were held in reaction to the allegations.[359]
Jokowi's university diploma was questioned for its authenticity. The first person to claim that President Joko Widodo's academic degree was fake was Bambang Tri Mulyono, in his bookJokowi Undercover. He was tried in court in 2017 and sentenced to three years in prison for defaming Joko Widodo.[360]
Roy Suryo, a telematics expert and former Minister of Youth and Sports referred to his old post on 25 February 2020, which contained an attachment to the page of a 1985 graduation book. In the book, there is a photo of the lateHari Mulyono listed under the name ‘Jokowi’. In addition, Roy Suryo also questioned the authenticity of Jokowi's diploma, which has never been proven. In addition, Roy Suryo also highlighted the fonts or letters used in the document. According to him, printing technology in 1985 did not allow the use of fonts seen in Jokowi's diploma and thesis documents.[362]
According to allegations put forward by Rismon Sianipar, Roy Suryo, and Dr. Tifauzia Tyassuma, Joko Widodo attendedGajah Mada University but did not graduate due to a grade point average below two,[363] while his brother-in-law, Hari Mulyono, did graduate. They further alleged that Joko Widodo borrowed and used Hari Mulyono's diploma for employment purposes and later used a diploma bearing Hari Mulyono's serial number, together with a different individual's photograph, claimed as mixed Dumatno and Jokowi photo, as part of the requirements for his candidacy as Mayor of Surakarta. In 2017, Hari Mulyono reportedly died under unexplained circumstances.[364][365] The police rejected these allegations and instead designated Rismon Sianipar, Roy Suryo, and Dr. Tifauzia Tyassuma as suspects fordefamation andslander. The police have named them as suspects who must be punished.[366]
On 15 and 16 April 2025, protests regarding the authenticity of his university diploma took place at the UGM campus, and his residence in Surakarta.[367][368]
On 22 May 2025, after comparing Jokowi's university diploma with other diplomas and UGM's university record, theCriminal Investigation Agency declared his university diploma authentic.[369][370]
Jokowi Adalah Kita [id] is an Indonesian drama film about Jokowi's life. The film starred Ben Joshua, Sylvia Fully, and Agustin Taidy. The film was released on 20 November 2014.[371] However, the broadcast was delayed due to protest of the government's decision to increase the price of fuel.[372]
One of his quotes that went popular with the public is the sentence "Yo ndak tau. Kok tanya saya?" (inIndonesian, usually shortened as YNTKTS), which literally means "I don't know. Why are you asking me?"[373] It was first used when Jokowi was theGovernor of Jakarta when he was interviewed by journalists and he tends to answer them with this quote.[374] It was made popular in many social media platforms in the 2020s.[375] In Indonesianinternet slang, this quote could be used in a satire or a joke to a problem.[376] A variation of this quote is made by his youngest sonKaesang Pangarep whenNajwa Shihab in her talkshow asked about Jokowi's hobby of raisingtadpoles, in which he replied, "Ya tanya bapak. Jangan tanya saya." (usually shortened as YTBJTS), which literally means "Yeah. Ask my dad. Don't ask me."[374]
2008: Listed byTempo as one of the 'Top 10 Indonesian Mayors of 2008'.[389]
2012: Ranked 3rd at the 2012World Mayor Prize for "transforming a crime-ridden city into a regional centre for art and culture and an attractive city to tourists".[390]
2013: Nominated as the global mayor of the month by theCity Mayors Foundation, based in London.[391]
2013: Listed as one of "The Leading Global Thinkers of 2013" inForeign PolicyMagazine.[392]
2014: Listed byFortune as one of "The World's 50 Greatest Leaders".[393]
2016–2017, 2024: List by "The Muslim 500" as one of the most influential Muslims in the world, which ranked 11 in 2016 and 13 both in 2017 and 2024.[394][395][396]
2022: Received "Certificate of Acknowledgement" fromInternational Rice Research Institute. IRRI has recognized Indonesia's resilient agricultural and food systems and rice self-sufficiency in 2019–2021.[398]
2022: Received "Imam Hasan ibn Ali Peace Prize" fromAbu Dhabi Forum for Peace.[399]
2022: Received "Global Citizen Awards" fromAtlantic Council. The Global Citizen Award is an award for figures who are considered to have made great contributions to overcoming poverty, climate change and equality.[400]
2023: Received the title of "Father of Nusantara Unity and Culture" from theIndonesian Christian Youth Movement (GAMKI).[401]
2024: Received the award as the "Father of Indonesian Construction". The award was given by theIndonesian National Construction Implementation Association (Gapensi).[402]
2024: Received "FAO Agricola Medal" fromFood and Agriculture Organization for making great progress in transforming Indonesia's agrifood system within the context of sustained economic growth, even in the face of global challenges and uncertainties, including the COVID-19 pandemic.[403]
2024: Awarded the honorary medal of public security and safety "Loka Praja Samrakshana" by theIndonesian National Police (Polri) for his major role in the development of the Bhayangkara Corps organization.[405]
2016: Crowned asDayak King with the title "Raja Haring Hatungku Tungket Langit" by theDayak Customary Council (DAD) ofCentral Kalimantan, meaning wise king with a noble personality and supporter of national unity. This title serves as a token of appreciation from the Dayak people to President Joko Widodo, who is recognized as a capable leader of the Indonesian nation and a unifying force for national unity.[408]
2017: Received the honorary customary title "Upu Kalatia Kenalean Da Ntul Po Deyo Routnya Hnulho Maluku" from thepeople ofMaluku because he was considered a great leader who cared deeply about the welfare of the people's lives.[409]
2018: Received customary title "Datuk Seri Setia Amanah Negara" fromRiauMalay Customary Institution.[415]
2019: Received the title "Derayen Acang Aco" from thetraditional figure of Dayak Laundayeh in theKrayan region. Derayen Acang Aco means a great leader who is able to do and exert all efforts for the progress, welfare, and prosperity of his people.[416]
2022: Received the customary title "Mosalaki Ulu Beu Eko Bewa" from theEnde Community, which means leader of the entire Indonesian region fromSabang toMerauke.[417]
2022: Awarded the Customary Honorary Title of theSultanate of Buton "La Ode Muhammad Lakina Bhawaangi yi Nusantara".[418]
2022: Awarded the title "Dada Madopo Malomo" by theSultan of Ternate which means great leader.[419]
2023: Received a customary title from theDayak tribe while visitingWest Kutai,East Kalimantan. The customary title received was "Ajiq Tatau Narakng Bulau, Penimakng Sookng Matiiq, Penerajuuq Bawe Ayaakng". The title has the meaning of having the right and authority to form and determine the best sons and daughters of the nation to carry out tasks aimed at peace and prosperity.[420]
2023: Received customary title "Marambe Ambaralla Palunglaa Porodisa" fromTalaud Customary Council.[421]
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