AlthoughJoker was intended to be a standalone film, its success at the box-office sparked interest in a sequel. Warner Bros. eventually convinced Phillips and Phoenix to return, with more creative freedom and a significantly greater budget.[11] The film was officially announced in June 2022, with Gaga and Beetz joining later that year. Principal photography took place inNew York City,Los Angeles, andBelleville, New Jersey, from December 2022 to April 2023.
In an animated short entitled "Me and My Shadow", the Joker is impersonated by his shadow, who acts violently and takes his place to perform a musical number for a TV show,[b] then merges back together with the Joker before three police officers arrive and attack him.
Arthur Fleck is in custody at Arkham State Hospital awaiting trial for the crimes he committed two years prior.[c] His lawyer Maryanne Stewart plans to argue that Arthur suffers from dissociative identity disorder and that his Joker personality is responsible for the crimes. At a music therapy session, Arthur meetsHarley "Lee" Quinzel, who claims that she grew up in the same neighborhood he did, had an abusive father who died in a car crash, and was imprisoned after burning down her parents' apartment building. Lee also expresses her admiration for Joker's crimes and personality. As their relationship develops, they begin imagining life as a stage musical with them in the spotlight through theirlinked insanity.
During a film screening, Lee starts a fire. She and Arthur are caught trying to escape, and Arthur is placed insolitary confinement. Lee visits him to say she is being released to prevent him from influencing her, but promises to attend his trial. They have sex before she leaves. During an interview with a television personality, Arthur sings to Lee through the TV screen, deepening her love for him.
On the day of the trial, Assistant District AttorneyHarvey Dent calls witnesses who dismiss Arthur's claims of insanity, including his old neighbor Sophie Dumond. During a break, Maryanne reveals that Lee was actually a psychiatry student who grew up on theUpper West Side, and her father, a doctor, is alive. Furthermore, she voluntarily committed herself at Arkham, checked herself out, and never burned down an apartment building. When Arthur confronts Lee, she confesses that her lies were an effort to get close to Arthur but also tells him that she is pregnant from their night together and has moved into his old apartment building to create a home for them. Afterward he imagines a scenario where they are singing on television before she shoots him dead.
At the trial the next day, Arthur dismisses Maryanne andrepresents himself. After bringing Arthur's former co-worker Gary Puddles to the stand, Harvey rests his case. Visibly affected by Gary's testimony, Arthur offers no defense. During his speech, he mocks the Arkham guards and indicates that they abuse him. Returning to Arkham, he is taken to the showers by head guard Jackie Sullivan and two guards in retaliation, where he is beaten and brought to his cell pantless. An inmate and friend of Arthur's named Ricky verbally confronts the guards, resulting in Jackiegarroting him to death. The event visibly devastates Arthur.
During hisclosing argument in court the following day, Arthur renounces his Joker persona, taking full responsibility for his actions. Enraged at this, Lee walks out, and the jury finds Arthur guilty of murder. As the foreperson reads the verdict, a bomb explodes outside the courthouse, killing and injuring numerous attendees and scarring half of Harvey's face. In the chaos, two followers help Arthur escape, but he abandons them when he realizes they only see him as Joker. Arthur wanders throughGotham City and encounters Lee onthe stairs outside his old apartment, but she rejects him for renouncing his Joker persona. As she leaves, the police apprehend Arthur and bring him back to Arkham.
The next day, a guard directs Arthur down an empty hallway to meet a visitor. A young inmate stops Arthur and begins telling a joke before repeatedly stabbing Arthur in the abdomen with ashank. As Arthur falls to the floor and bleeds to death, the inmate, laughing hysterically,carves a smile on his own face. As Arthur lies dying, the scenario where Lee shoots him is revisited.
Joaquin Phoenix asArthur Fleck / Joker, a mentally ill nihilistic criminal with a clown-inspired persona, formerly an impoverished party clown and aspiring stand-up comedian. DirectorTodd Phillips said that while the film would venture further into Arthur's psyche, he would not become the "Clown Prince of Crime", as his Joker persona is an unwilling symbol to people who give him the love he always wanted.[13]
Lady Gaga asHarley "Lee" Quinzel, a patient atArkham State Hospital who becomes obsessed with Arthur and forms a romantic relationship with him.[14][15] Describing Lee, Phillips noted how this version of the character is manipulative, amoral and "more grounded", with the film deliberately ignoring much of the character's classic mannerisms and style to fit into the world created inJoker (2019).[16] Gaga felt Lee to be a "study of contradictions", as her love and obsession for Arthur is also admiration and disgust, being both truthful and dishonest, really dangerous yet completely peaceful, deeming Lee a "very nonlinear person" like everyone involved in storytelling and thinking she was the "more real" the "more she could be a contradiction".[17]
Brendan Gleeson as Jackie Sullivan, an abusive guard at Arkham State Hospital.[18]
Zazie Beetz as Sophie Dumond, a single mother and Arthur's former neighbor, with whom Arthur imagined being in a romantic relationship in the first film.[20] She confirms here that Arthur never threatened her or her daughter, after the abrupt end to her appearance in the original had led many fans to assume he'd killed one or both of them offscreen.
Steve Coogan as Paddy Meyers, a popular TV personality who interviews Arthur in Arkham.[19]
Harry Lawtey asHarvey Dent, the newly elected assistantdistrict attorney who plans to bring Arthur to justice for his crimes.[21][22] Lawtey avoided watching previous screen portrayals of Harvey Dent and instead developed his own backstory for the character, with Phillips instilling in him the idea that, in the dawn of televised trials, Dent is cynically willing to put Arthur on trial for his own gain.[23] Phillips confirmed that one of the film's shots meant to signal the character's eventual descent into hisTwo-Face persona from the source material, affirming that he and his crew tried to come up with a realistic answer as to why certain things happen.[24]
Leigh Gill as Gary Puddles, Arthur's former clown co-worker whose life he spared; his testimonial anguish over seeing Arthur murder Randall is the main impetus towards Arthur's actions at the end of his trial.[25]
Ken Leung as Dr. Victor Liu, a psychologist who gives his testimony diagnosing Arthur at the trial.[26]
Jacob Lofland as Ricky Meline, an inmate at Arkham who admires Arthur.[27]
Bill Smitrovich as Judge Herman Rothwax, a judge who presides over Arthur's trial.[28]
Sharon Washington as Debra Kane, Arthur's former social worker.[29]
Additionally, Connor Storrie appears as a young Arkham inmate who spies on Arthur throughout the film before murdering him and is implied to become the next Joker, though Phillips did not confirm if this character is the Joker who becomesBatman's enemy.[30][31]Tim Dillon appears as an Arkham Asylum guard who asks Arthur to sign his book;Marc Maron's likeness as Gene Ufland is used for the book.Nick Cave is heard in the film's opening animated sequence as the singing voice of Joker'sshadow.[32][33][34] Archive footage fromJoker of bothRobert De Niro as Murray Franklin andFrances Conroy as Penny Fleck is used.
Joker (2019) was intended to be a standalone film.[35]Warner Bros. intended for it to launch DC Black, a line ofDC Comics–based films unrelated to theDC Extended Universe (DCEU) franchise with darker, more experimental material, similar to theDC Black Label comics publisher.[36][37][38] However, even before the film wrapped,Joaquin Phoenix told directorTodd Phillips that he did not feel ready to leave Arthur Fleck behind; one night while falling asleep, Phoenix had a dream of his character performing onstage, telling jokes and singing, giving him the idea of possibly doing a musicalsequel.[16] They then brought the idea to producerToby Emmerich.[39] Phillips said in August 2019 that he would be interested in making a sequel, depending on the film's performance and if Phoenix was interested,[40] but he later clarified that "the movie's not set up to [have] a sequel. We alwayspitched it as one movie, and that's it".[41]
In October 2019, Phoenix spoke of reprising his role as Arthur Fleck, saying: "I can't stop thinking about it... if there's something else, we can do with Joker that might be interesting".[42] In another interview, he said: "It's nothing that I really wanted to do prior to working on this movie. I don't know that there is [more to do] ... Because it seemed endless, the possibilities of where we can go with the character".[43] He was paid $20million for his involvement.[44] As the film went on to earn more than $1 billion, Phoenix and Phillips thought about a possible follow-up in the form of aBroadway theatre show. They did not consider making a conventional sequel depicting Arthur's development intoBatman's nemesis by turning him into the Clown Prince of Crime or putting him in charge of a criminal syndicate, regardless of the original film depicting the murder of Bruce Wayne's parents. Phillips preferred to focus on how Arthur's breakdown captivated Gotham, being interested in examining how the very idea of entertainment went from movies and television to whatever scandal the news currently air.[16]
In November 2019,The Hollywood Reporter reported that a sequel was in development, with Phillips, writerScott Silver and Phoenix reprising their duties.[45] However,Deadline Hollywood reported the same day thatThe Hollywood Reporter's story was false and that negotiations had not even begun.[46] Phillips responded to the reports by saying that he had discussed a sequel with Warner Bros., and it remained a possibility, but it was not in development.[47] Phillips and Phoenix started seriously considering the idea of making a Broadway sequel show toJoker at the Carlisle Theatre. After the original plans were changed by theCOVID-19 pandemic, Phillips and Silver began developing a sequel film while still considering Phoenix's musical concept. Phillips found the idea risky and "dangerous" enough to give the film "audacity and complexity" with music, dance, drama, courtroom drama, comedy, happiness and sadness and a traditional love story. Aware that young moviegoers may not be interested due to preferring usual comic book films, Phillips banked on their "appetite" for something new and different to help the film differentiate itself from remakes andreboots. Phoenix suggested the idea of teaming Arthur with a "female Joker" that could serve as his dance partner in a "kind of psychotictango". This led Phillips and Silver to the idea of includingHarley Quinn, a female villain associated with the Joker and first introduced in theDC Animated Universe (DCAU) showBatman: The Animated Series (1992-1995), to serve that purpose.[16]
In early June 2022,Michael De Luca andPamela Abdy took over as co-heads of Warner Bros.'s movie studio, with the greenlighting of a sequel toJoker being one of their first actions.[39] In June 2022, Phillips confirmed that the sequel was in development, with a script by him and Silver. The film was also revealed to be titledJoker: Folie à Deux.[48][49] By February 2023,DC Studios co-CEOJames Gunn confirmed thatFolie à Deux would be a DC Elseworlds project, taking place outside the main cinematicDC Universe (DCU).[d][52] Phillips's goal for the film was to make it feel like it had been produced by "crazy people", but struggled with referring to the film as a "musical", as the film lacks traditional musical numbers, and most of the music contains dialogue, with songs like "Get Happy", "For Once in My Life", and "That's Life" being played when Arthur cannot pronounce the words he wants to say, with those songs conveying the emotions Arthur Fleck and Harley Quinn feel with what they seek in their relationships, with the former being drawn to romantic ballads and the latter preferring music about power.[16]
In July 2024,Lady Gaga commented on the singing required of her: "It was unlike anything I've ever done before. [...] For me, there's plenty of notes, actually, from Lee. I'm a trained singer, right? So even my breathing was different when I sang as Lee. When I breathe to sing on stage, I have this very controlled way to make sure that I'm on pitch and it's sustained at the right rhythm and amount of time, but Lee would never know how to do any of that. So, it's like removing the technicality of the whole thing, removing my perceived art-form from it all and completely being inside of who she is". Phillips also said of this specific interpretation of the character, "While there are some things that people would find familiar in her, it's really Gaga's own interpretation, and Scott [Silver, co-writer] and I's [sic] interpretation. She became the way how[Charles] Manson had girls that idolized him. The way that sometimes these [imprisoned murderers] have people that look up to them. There are things about Harley in the movie that were taken from the comic books, but we took it and made it to the way we wanted it to be".[53][54][55][56] Phillips did not require them to sing professionally, preferring a "rawer, more unstable sound" that fluctuated between euphoria and despair, which occasionally required singing off-key. The filmmakers asked themselves what needed to happen for two individuals to break into song in the middle of a conversation and where the music could come from when no one but the protagonists can hear it. They rationalized that the main characters are not, or should sound like, professional singers with vibrato and perfect notes, instead sounding "nerve-racking but honest".[16]
In August 2024, it was reported that the film would open with aLooney Tunes–inspired cartoon animated byThe Triplets of Belleville animatorSylvain Chomet, which would be followed by prison riots, courtroom legal fights and a variety show sequence that has Phoenix and Gaga portrayed as a homicidalSonny & Cher.[16] The film's ending, which has a youngerArkham Asylum inmate carving aGlasgow smile for himself after a violent altercation with Arthur, was originally planned for the first film's original scripted ending according to one source, with Arthur carving himself one in front of his crowd of supporters. However,Christopher Nolan did not allow the filmmakers to go through the idea as he mandated that onlyHeath Ledger's version of theJoker from his filmThe Dark Knight (2008) should have a Glasgow smile. By the timeJoker: Folie à Deux entered development, Nolan and his companySyncopy Inc. no longer worked with Warner Bros. after disagreements with their release treatment forTenet (2020) by quickly sending it toMax, having moved on since 2021 toUniversal Pictures to directOppenheimer (2023), hence allowing Phillips and his crew to implement the idea in the film with the patient who encounters Arthur.[39]
Days after the film's official announcement, it was announced Gaga was in talks to portrayHarley Quinn and that the film would be a musical.[57][58] Gaga accepted the role seeing the part as a new challenge that she had not done previously in eitherA Star is Born (2018) orHouse of Gucci (2021), as well as recognizing the similarities between the film's focus on identity and duality and her own experience having a second life in her celebrity singer persona.[17] Gaga would confirm her casting later that summer.[59] She received $12million for her involvement.[4] In August 2022, it was reportedZazie Beetz was in negotiations to reprise her role as Sophie Dumond in the film.[60] Beetz was confirmed to be reprising her role the following month, alongside the cast additions ofBrendan Gleeson,Catherine Keener andJacob Lofland.[20][61][27] Gleeson joined the project out of his admiration for both Phoenix's "indelible" performance in the first film and Gaga, but admitted to being "kinda intimidated" by what he had to do for his role.[62] In October,Harry Lawtey joined the cast in whatDeadline Hollywood reported as a "big role",[22] later revealed to be that ofHarvey Dent by the film's official trailer.[21] Lawtey taped an audition for Phillips, consisting of a recorded self-talk between himself and a friend of his, just asHBO renewedIndustry (2020–present) in Fall 2022, not expecting to get the role, for which he had no information. A couple of weeks later, Lawtey had a video call with Phillips, during which he offered him the role of Dent straight away even though his team assumed it was going to be a note session for a second read.[23]
The abandoned Essex County Isolation Hospital in New Jersey (pictured in March 2023, withvintage cars and props) was a filming location for Arkham State Hospital.
Principal photography began on December 10, 2022, with Phillips releasing a first look on hisInstagram account andLawrence Sher serving as cinematographer.[63][64] Sher had citedFrancis Ford Coppola'sOne from the Heart (1982) as a source of visual inspiration for the film.[65] Exterior filming occurred in New York City and Los Angeles by March 2023.[66] Gaga had filmed scenes with a crowd ofextras demanding Joker's arrest outside theNew York County Courthouse, which had led some onlookers nearby to mistake it for Trump's arrest following hisfirst indictment.[67] Arkham Asylum scenes were filmed at the abandoned Essex County Isolation Hospital inBelleville, New Jersey.[68] In April 2023, filming took place at the "Joker Stairs", the stairway on West 167th Street inthe Bronx featured prominently in the first film.[69] Filming officiallywrapped on April 5, 2023.[70] The film is shot entirely withIMAX-certified digital cameras, including theArri Alexa 65, the same camera used in filming forJoker.[71]
Unlike many musicals that have actors sing along to a pre-recorded track, Phoenix and Gaga performed the musical numbers live, accompanied by a piano player who performed off-camera keeping up with whatever tempo they established. Meanwhile, Phillips tried to sync the radically different takes into a coherent whole in the editing room, describing the experience as a "nightmare".[16]
Paparazzi photos from the film's set depicted a shot of Lady Gaga kissing a woman in a key scene during Arthur's trial, in which Lee would have passed a group of protestors and plant a kiss on the woman (which Gaga allegedly improvised) before proceeding to meet with Arthur as in the finished film, where she does a soft song and dance number beforehand. However, Phillips nixed the shot and left it as adeleted scene once he realized that it required dialogue from the woman which would have ruined the moment's vibe.[72]
In December 2023, Gunn revealed he reviewed shot material and gave his notes regarding it, but had no involvement with the film otherwise.[73] It was later reported that his andPeter Safran's notes were rejected by Philips, who "wanted nothing to do with DC" while making the film. He was also given an extraordinary level of autonomy and power over the final cut, allowing him to bypass any oversight from the brand's gatekeepers and distancing himself from it though Gunn supported the film.[74] This resulted in no DC executives being involved as the film was greenlit when the studio was in a chaotic restructure and the lack of theDC Studios logo in the film's opening sequence (Gunn later claimed the reason for the omitted logo was that the film, in his opinion, was considered by the creators to be more of a production of Warner Bros. than an outright DC film; he would go so far as to admit it was "not a DC Studios film" in that regard). The film was also not test screened in advance, though insiders claimed this was a mutual agreement between Phillips and the studio to prevent leaks aboutspoilers, even though past "spoiler-heavy plotted" films like theMarvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) filmAvengers: Endgame (2019) had multiple test screenings.[39]
The film was more expensive than its predecessor, which had a budget of around $60million, with some publications noting the costs forJoker: Folie à Deux as high as $200million, though Phillips denied that figure. It was later reported that the inflated budget was due to Philips's insistence upon location filming in expensive areas such as downtown Los Angeles, though the studio preferred to shoot on its set in London (which would have saved up to $12 million), and due to Phillips, Phoenix, and Gaga being paid a combined $52 million.[4][3][16] According to some sources, while backed byFedEx founderFrederick W. Smith,Alcon Entertainment put upVillage Roadshow's portion from the first film with an eagerness to have a stake in the production. However,David Zaslav's Warner Bros. regime wanted to profit more from the film and agreed to only one co-financier, which is its slate financing partnerDomain Entertainment.[39]Industrial Light & Magic provided the visual effects.[75]
Hildur Guðnadóttir composed the film'sscore, returning from the first film.[76] The film includes 16 musical numbers, most of them covers of pre-existing songs, with one original song written by Lady Gaga. She released a "companion album",Harlequin, on September 27, 2024.[77]
A teaser trailer was released on April 10, 2024, while Warner Bros. screened a presentation at the 2024CinemaCon, being promoted by Phillips. It features a cover bySammy Davis Jr. andTom Jones of the song "What the World Needs Now Is Love" (1965). Christi Carras fromLos Angeles Times said the film's presentation as a musical adhered to a trend where movie studios seemed reluctant to promote their films as musicals, citingWonka (2023) andMean Girls (2024) as examples.[78] Writing forVariety, Rebecca Rubin called the footage "dark and gritty" and highlighted the portrayal of Quinn as being Fleck's "demented muse".[79]TheWrap's Jeremy Fuster and Stephanie Kaloi described the trailer as focusing on Quinn and Fleck's "wild, destructive love".[80] The trailer gained 167million views in 24hours, being the biggest trailer premiere by Warner Bros. at the time, having surpassed that of the first trailer forBarbie (2023).[81]
Phillips said he originally intended to shoot atrailer for the in-universetelevision film about Arthur Fleck's story mentioned in the film, confirming that it starred Ethan Chase,Justin Theroux's character from the first film, having planned for Theroux to reprise the role to shoot it. Plans for the trailer were scrapped due to time.[82]
Joker: Folie à Deux had the world premiere at the81st Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2024.[12] Warner Bros. insiders claim that the studio didn't want to premiere the film in that festival as they had done back in 2019 withJoker, but Phillips pushed back until they accepted, though a spokesperson said Warner fully supported the decision to screen the film in Venice.[74] The film was released theatrically in the United States on October 4, 2024, by Warner Bros. Pictures.[49] At their 2024CineEurope presentation, Warner Bros. announced that the film would be released overseas on October 2, 2024, two days before the domestic premiere.[83]
Following the success ofOppenheimer (2023) andDune: Part Two (2024) in the format,Joker: Folie à Deux was released in theIMAX 15-perforation70 mm film format to eleven venues worldwide.[84][85]
Joker: Folie à Deux grossed $58.3million in the United States and Canada, and $149.2million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $207.5million.[5][6] Described as abox office bomb,Variety reported the film'sbreak-even point as $450million, with Warner Bros. putting it at $375 million; the publication later reported estimates that it would lose the studio between $125–200 million during its theatrical run.[88][86] In April 2025,Deadline Hollywood calculated the film lost the studio $144.25 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[89]
Five weeks ahead of release,Boxoffice Pro projected that the film would "easily" gross at least $100million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada and outgross its predecessor's debut of $96.2million, with estimates at $115–145million despite it receiving mixed reviews at Venice like its predecessor.[90] Two weeks after, projections dropped to $70million, and the week of release, estimates became $55–60million.[91][3] After it made $20million on its first day, including an estimated $7million from Thursday night previews, projections dropped again to $45million for the weekend.[92] It went on to debut at $37.7million (64.6% of total gross) from 4,102 theaters, topping the box office but coming below expectations.[93][94] Several outlets compared the film's opening weekend gross to that of other recent high-profile box office bombsThe Marvels (2023) andMadame Web (2024), noting thatFolie à Deux's own debut made less than either.[95][92][96]Deadline Hollywood attributed the opening to fans of the original not wanting to see a musical.[92]
Jeff Goldstein, the studio's president of domestic distribution, acknowledged the film's performance in an article inThe Wall Street Journal, mentioning that the sequel was a "deeper dive into mental illness" and making guesses about some of the film's core audience (particularly males) struggling to connect with this new direction for the character of Lee.[97]Wall Streetfinancial analyst Dan Ives deemed the film a "black eye" for Warner Bros. at a key time, with the industry having expected the film to be a hit.Variety also attributed the film's underperformance toBradley Cooper's lack of participation on it with his commercial instincts unlike its predecessor, as Cooper dissolved his producing partnership with Phillips in 2021.[74] Variety noted that since the commercial success ofThe Batman (2022),Joker: Folie à Deux is the sixth live-action film based on DC characters to financially underperform, following theDC Extended Universe filmsBlack Adam (2022),Shazam! Fury of the Gods,The Flash,Blue Beetle andAquaman and the Lost Kingdom (all 2023). A Warner Bros. insider opined that the film put more pressure than ever onSuperman (2025), which Gunn and Safran hope to use to "right the ship".[39] In its second weekend,Joker: Folie à Deux made $7 million, a record-breaking 81% drop for a DC film.[98] The film's second weekend gross fell below the debut ofTerrifier 3 (2024), an independent horror movie, which topped the box office in its opening weekend at number one.[99][100] The following weekend the film lost 1,245 theaters and made $2.2 million, dropping another 69% and finishing in sixth.[101]
A source close to the production deemed the release a "complete audience rejection". Another described it as "a very expensive art film" whose intended audience was Phoenix. According to another source, Phillips spent the weekend release ofFolie à Deux secluded on a ranch property he owns.[39] A source directly involved in the film acknowledged that no one could reach Phillips, and that his rejection of fan expectations sealed its failure and harmed the DC brand. The box office analyst Jeff Bock ofExhibitor Relations called the film "aSpeed 2 level of disaster" with Warner Bros. massively overspending on the film, only for audiences to show very little interest, seemingly as a result of the filmmakers making creative choices that did not align with fan expectations.[74]
Publications described the critical consensus uponFolie à Deux's release as either negative[e] or mixed.[f] On thereview aggregator websiteRotten Tomatoes, 31% of 369 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "Joaquin Phoenix's eponymous Joker takes the stand in a sequel that dances around while the story remains still, although Lady Gaga's wildcard energy givesFolie à Deux some verve."[110]Metacritic, which uses aweighted average, assigned the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 62 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.[111] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "D" on an A+ to F scale (the lowest grade ever for a comic book film),[112][113] while those surveyed byPostTrak gave the film a 40% overall positive score—an average rating of1⁄2 out of 5 stars—with "a very low" 24% saying they would definitely recommend it.[92]
Pete Hammond ofDeadline Hollywood feltFolie à Deux was "brilliant" and that the "production values across the board are excellent, particularly returning Lawrence Sher's cinematography, the production design of Mark Friedberg, and costumes from Arianna Phillips".[114] William Bibbiani ofTheWrap gave the film a positive review, writing that it was "the most interesting film about Arthur Fleck. It's genuinely a little daring, genuinely a little challenging, and genuinely a little genuine".[115] Geoffrey Macnab ofThe Independent described the film as "deeply unsettling".[116] In his four stars out of five review forThe Daily Telegraph,Robbie Collin lauded the film for its musical numbers and Phillips for "stay[ing] true to the project's nihilistic ethos," while notingLady Gaga was "magnetic but underused".[117] Rafa Sales Ross ofThe Playlist echoed similar thoughts on the use of Gaga but enjoyed Phoenix "in a much more contained turn, a welcome change to those put off by the constant, annoyingly loud cackling that permeated much of the previous installment".[118]
Peter Bradshaw ofThe Guardian gaveFolie à Deux three out of five. He praised the opening, the supporting cast and the "real spark" in the first encounter between the two protagonists, but wrote that "the whole movie finally turns out to be oppressively, claustrophobically and repetitively becalmed in that oddly unreal Gotham-universe jail with Phoenix and Gaga kept apart for long periods". Bradshaw found that "Phoenix's own performance is as single-note as before, though certainly as forceful and his screen presence is potent" and that Gaga "brings a sly and manipulative malice" to her character.[119] In a mixed review forKQED-FM, Jack Coyle wrote: "Laudable as the intentions ofFolie à Deux may be, it feels thoughtfully but tiresomely stuck in the past".[120] In a negative review forABC News, Luke Goodsell wrote: "ThatJoker was intended as a standalone movie is evident from the new sequel ... a quasi-musicalcourtroom drama that has little interest in advancing any kind of story. In fact, it's even more deliberately obtuse and anti-crowd-pleasing than its predecessor".[121]
USA Today reported that the negative reviews "argued the musical numbers are underwhelming and Gaga's talents are not well-utilized".[122]Manohla Dargis ofThe New York Times stated the film was "such a dour, unpleasant slog that it is hard to know why it was made or for whom," and that "Phoenix's sour frown, the movie's barely-there story, its unrelenting grimness and its commitment to forced eccentricity suggest that no one involved was really stoked to make it".[123] David Ehrlich ofIndieWire gave a scathing review, stating the film "perversely denies audiences everything they've been conditioned to want from it; gently at first, and then later with the unmistakable hostility of a knife to the gut," and that "its turgid symphony of unexpected cameos, mournful cello solos, and implied sexual violence is too dissonant to appreciate even on its own terms".[124] Spencer Kornhaber ofThe Atlantic lamented that the film has "nothing interesting to say about the challenge of fame [and feels like] punish[ment] for the crime of wanting to be entertained".[125] Justin Clark ofSlant Magazine gave the film one out of four, writing that "Folie à Deux's attempt at showcasing cleverness, verve, or engagement is held cruelly underwater by staid direction, shoddy emotional plotting, a gleeful sense of cruelty, and a grave nihilism that makesZack Snyder's work seem like a season ofBluey".[126]Kyle Smith ofThe Wall Street Journal said, "The falloff in quality fromJoker, a genuinely searing innovation in comic-book movies, to this one is so steep that it's comparable to the dropoff betweenThe Hangover (2009) andThe Hangover Part II (2011)".[127] David Rooney ofThe Hollywood Reporter found the film "frustrating" and its plot "a little thin and at times dull", and disliked how the film "all but neutralizes [the Joker]" and "reduces the archvillain to a hollowed-out product of childhood trauma and mental illness".[1]Owen Gleiberman ofVariety also criticized its plot, deeming it "overly cautious" and lacking in execution. He found Gaga, with her "lovely unforced presence", was "drastically underused ... Her Lee never quite takes wing".[128]
Critics noted that the film was a work ofmetafiction designed to intentionally antagonize audiences who were fans of the first film. Rather than capitulating to the expectations of the predecessor's fanbase that Arthur would fully embrace his Joker persona and go on to become Batman's archenemy, the film serves to rebuke those who idolized the character of the Joker. As a deliberate anti-audience effort, the film pushes against the notion offan service, instead creating a self-aware narrative that is a commentary on its own existence.[g] The film features off-key musical sequences that contrast with fan expectations following the original film, during one such scene Joker acknowledges, "I don't think we're giving the people what they want".[129] Musical numbers are used superficially, disappointing audiences who expected them to drive the narrative.[134] By the end of the film, Arthur is pleading with Lee to stop singing, a sentiment expected to be shared by the audience.[135] Lee Quinzel can be viewed as a stand-in for audiences who were fans of the first film, with her comments about becoming obsessed with Joker after having seen a TV movie based on his life.[132][133] Lee represents an affluent fan who desires the anarchy and exotic thrill Joker represents, and, like the audience, is upset and disappointed when Arthur fails to live up to his Joker identity.[136][137]
The finale where Arthur's crimes are trialed and he is made to seem sad and pathetic represents an effort by Phillips to subvert and undermine audiences who had seen Arthur as heroic in the first film,[131][133] and the trial reiterates the events of the first film in a way that is intended to be dissatisfying and alienating to audiences.[138][139] Likewise, Arthur renouncing his Joker persona before being unceremoniously killed by a younger inmate who is implied to be the real Joker has been interpreted as a deliberate attempt by the filmmakers to disappoint audiences, subversively denying fans their desire for a heroic or sympathetic narrative.[140] Ultimately, the metafiction reflects Arthur's characterization; just as his society only cares for him for what he represents as Joker and rejects him when he renounces that persona, so does the audience reject Arthur.[141] As a result, many said the film is a "very expensivepunch line" for the same audiences who saw the first film,[39] and that Todd Phillips himself was in a sense "the Joker" for consciously subverting the audience and studio's expectations.[142]
DirectorQuentin Tarantino, a fan of the film, noted its indebtedness to his own screenplay forNatural Born Killers (1994). In an interview withBret Easton Ellis he said that "As the guy who created Mickey and Mallory, I loved what they did with it. I loved the direction he took. The whole movie was the fever dream of Mickey Knox". He also sees similarities to the filmPeter Ibbetson (1935), based on theGeorge du Maurier novel of the same name. He said, "It follows its storyline pretty almost exactly".[143]