| Joint Special Operations Command | |
|---|---|
.svg) Emblem of the Joint Special Operations Command | |
| Founded | 15 December 1980 (44 years, 11 months ago) |
| Country |  United States |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Type | Sub-unified combatant command |
| Role | Special Operations Forces |
| Part of |  Special Operations CommandUnited States Department of Defense |
| Garrison/HQ | Fort Bragg, North Carolina |
| Nicknames | JSOC, Task Force Purple |
| Operations | Operation Eagle Claw Operation Urgent Fury Operation Just Cause Operation Desert Storm Operation Provide Comfort Operation Gothic Serpent Operation Uphold Democracy Bosnian War Operation Allied Force War on Terror |
| Website | https://www.socom.mil/Pages/jsoc.aspx |
| Commanders | |
| Commander | LTGJonathan P. Braga,USA |
| Deputy Commanding General | Brig Gen Terence G. Taylor,USAF |
| Senior Enlisted Advisor | CSM Walter J. Zajkowski,USA |
TheJoint Special Operations Command (JSOC) is a joint componentcommand of theUnited States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and is charged with studyingspecial operations requirements and techniques to ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, to plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, to develop joint special operations tactics, and to execute special operations missions worldwide. It was established in 1980 on recommendation ofColonel Charlie Beckwith, in the aftermath of the failure ofOperation Eagle Claw.[1] It is headquartered atPope Field (Fort Bragg, North Carolina).
The JSOC is the "joint headquarters designed to study special operations requirements and techniques; ensure interoperability and equipment standardization; plan and conduct joint special operations exercises and training; develop joint special operations tactics."[2] For this task, theJoint Communications Unit is tasked to ensure compatibility of communications systems and standard operating procedures of the different special operations units.
The Joint Special Operations Command alsooversees theSpecial Mission Units ofU.S. Special Operations Command. These are elitespecial operations forces units that conduct highly classified and complex operations.[3][4][5] So far, the following four JSOC units are known, each has an internal task force color code:
The Intelligence Support Activity's primary role is to act as a deep reconnaissance, intelligence-gathering special mission unit, in support of other combat oriented units within JSOC.[12][13] Delta Force and DEVGRU are the military's primary counter-terrorism units,eliminatinghigh-value targets and performinghostage rescues are their main roles, along withspecial reconnaissance anddirect action assignments. The 24th Special Tactics Squadron attaches personnel as enablers to these two units such asCombat Controllers to provideair traffic control andfire support,Pararescuemen to providecombat medicine andcombat search and rescue, andTactical Air Control Party specialists to co-ordinateclose air support. TheJoint Communications Unit provides communications capabilities. Units from the Army's 75th Ranger Regiment and160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Task Force Brown) are controlled by JSOC when deployed as part of JSOC Task Forces such asTask Force 121 andTask Force 145.[14][15][16]
JSOC has an operational relationship with theCIA'sSpecial Activities Center (SAC).[17]SAC's Special Operations Group (SOG) often recruits from JSOC SMU personnel.[18]
JSOC's Security Operations Training Facility is maintained by the 3rd Operational Support Group (3 OSG), which is based at Ft. Bragg.[19][20] According toRolling Stone contributing editor Seth Harp, 3 OSG is the same unit commonly referred to as "Delta Force";[21] however this is contradicted by a 2016 evaluation of foreign officer involvement at USSOCOM by the DOD Deputy Inspector General for Intelligence and Special Program Assessments which lists 3 OSG and theCombat Applications Group ("CAG", a known identifier for Delta Force)[22] as two separate entities under JSOC.[19]
Advanced Force Operations are defined by JP 3-05 as "Operations conducted to refine the location of specific, identified targets and further develop the operational environment for near-term missions."[23] According to Gen. Michael Repass, who conducted it in theIraq War and was very familiar with its use in Afghanistan, "AFO consists ofU.S. Secretary of Defense–approved military operations such asclandestine operations". It is logically part of the Operational Preparation of the Battlespace (OPB), which follows theIntelligence Preparation of the Battlespace, a concept well-known in the U.S. andNATO doctrine, OPB is seldom used outside of SOF channels. OPB is defined by the U.S. Special Operations Command as "Non-intelligence activities conducted prior toD-Day,H-Hour, in likely or potential areas of deployment, to train and prepare for follow-on military operations".[24]
In theIraq War, Gen. Repass, who first commanded the10th Special Forces Group, took control of a JointUnconventional Warfare Task Force, which used the 5th and 10th Groups to conduct AFO.
JSOC has provided domestic law enforcement agencies support during high-profile or high-risk events such as theOlympics, the World Cup, political party conventions, and Presidential inaugurations. Although the use of the military for Local law enforcement purposes in the U.S. is generally prohibited by thePosse Comitatus Act, Title 10 of theU.S. Code expressly allows the Secretary of Defense to make military personnel available to train Federal, State, and local civilian public safety officials in the operation and maintenance of equipment; and to provide such officials with expert advice.[25] Additionally, civilian and military lawyers said provisions in several federal statutes, including the Fiscal Year 2000 Defense Department Authorization Act, Public Law 106-65, permits the secretary of defense to authorize military forces to support civilian agencies, including theFederal Bureau of Investigation, in the event of a national emergency, especially any involving nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.[26]
In January 2005, a small group of commandos were deployed to support security at thePresidential inauguration. They were allegedly deployed under a secret counter-terrorism program namedPower Geyser. TheNew York Times quoted a senior military official as saying, "They bring unique military and technical capabilities that often are centered around potential WMD events".[26]
JSOC carried out raids in Afghanistan. The number is not publicly known, but is estimated to be in the hundreds.[27][28] Several have been documented in the 2013 documentaryDirty Wars byJeremy Scahill and by other reporting. Inone 2010 raid inGardez, JSOC troops killed one U.S.-trained Police commander and another man, and three women, two of whom were pregnant, who went to the men's aid.[29] Then-JSOC commanderWilliam McRaven visited the affected family, offered them a sheep in restitution, and apologized.[30]
In May 2003, elements of Task Force 20 (TF 20) remained in Iraq following the invasion and shifted to hunting down high-value former Ba'athist insurgents under direct JSOC command. In July 2003, Task Force 5 (formerly Task Force 11) and Task Force 20 were merged to form Task Force 21, later renamed Task Force 121.[31][32]
On 11 January 2007, President Bush pledged in a major speech to "seek out and destroy the networks providing advanced weaponry and training to our enemies in Iraq."[33] Sometime in 2007, JSOC started conducting cross-border operations into Iran from southern Iraq with the CIA. These operations included seizing members of Al-Quds, the commando arm of theIranian Revolutionary Guard, and taking them to Iraq for interrogation, as well as the pursuit, capture or killing ofhigh-value targets in the war on terror. The Bush administration allegedly combined the CIA's intelligence operations andcovert action with JSOC clandestine military operations so that Congress would only partially see how the money was spent.[34]
According toThe Washington Post, JSOC's commander Lieutenant GeneralStanley McChrystal operated in 2006 on the understanding with Pakistan that US units will not enter Pakistan except under extreme circumstances, and that Pakistan would deny giving them permission if exposed.[35]
According to a November 2009 report inThe Nation, JSOC, in tandem withBlackwater/Xe, had a drone program, along with snatch/grab/assassination operations, based in Karachi and conducted in and outside of Pakistan.[36][37]
In October 2009,leaked diplomatic cables from the U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan,Anne W. Patterson, states the Pakistani Army approved the embedding of U.S. Special Operations Forces, including elements from the Joint Special Operations Command, with the Pakistani military to provide support for operations in the country. This goes beyond the original claims of the U.S. that the only role of the Special Forces was in training the Pakistani military. The leak further revealed that JSOC elements involved in intelligence gathering and surveillance and use of droneUAV technology.[38]
JSOC is credited with coordinating Operation Neptune Spear thatkilled Osama bin Laden on 2 May 2011.[30][39]
Operations against al-Qaeda linked terrorists continued in 2009 when on 14 September several U.S. Navy helicopters launched aa raid in Baraawe,Lower Shabelle, Operation Celestial Balance, againstSaleh Ali Saleh Nabhan, killing him as well as five other militants. Also in 2009, British Army soldiers from theSpecial Air Service and theSpecial Reconnaissance Regiment were deployed to Djibouti as part ofCombined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa to conduct operations against Islamist terrorists in Somalia. They carried out missions focusing on surveillance and targeting of terrorists, alongside their US counterparts, they have also been carrying out this role in Yemen.[40][41]
JSOC directed a 30 September 2011 air attack that killedAnwar al-Awlaki,[42] an al-Qaeda cleric and Yemeni-American U.S. citizen. After several days of surveillance of Awlaki by the Central Intelligence Agency, armeddrones took off from a new, secret American base in the Arabian Peninsula, crossed into northern Yemen and unleashed a barrage ofHellfire missiles at al-Awlaki's vehicle.Samir Khan, a Pakistani-American al-Qaeda member and editor of the jihadistInspire magazine, also reportedly died in the attack. The combined CIA/JSOC drone strike was the first in Yemen since 2002—there have been others by the military's Special Operations forces—and was part of an effort by the spy agency to duplicate in Yemen the covert war which has been running in Afghanistan and Pakistan.[43][44]
On 28 October 2013, adrone strike by JSOC on a vehicle near the town ofJilib inLower Shabelle killed two senior Somali members ofAl-Shabaab. Preliminary evidence suggested that one of them was Ibrahim Ali (also known as Anta), an explosives specialist known for his skill in building and using homemade bombs and suicide vests.[45][46] The US administration has been reluctant to use drone strikes in Somalia. The reluctance partly centered on questions of whether Al-Shabaab—which has not tried to carry out an attack on American soil—could legally be the target of lethal operations by the military or the CIA. In May 2013, the White House announced that it would carry outtargeted killing operationsonly against those who posed a "continuing and imminent threat to the American people." The strike on 28 Oct was the first known American operation resulting in death since that policy was announced and is considered evidence by some observers that views have changed in Washington and that the Obama administration has decided to escalate operations against Al-Shabaab in the aftermath of the group'sWestgate shopping mall attack in Nairobi, Kenya, that took place from 21–24 September 2013 and which left some 70 people dead.[citation needed] According toThe New York Times the Yemen government banned military drone operations after a series of botched drone strikes by JSOC, the last of which was a December 2013 drone strike that killed numerous civilians at a wedding ceremony. Despite a ban on military drone operations, the Yemen government allowed CIA drone operations to continue.[47]
On 25 March 2016, Special Operations Forces inSyriakilled ISIL commanderAbu Ala al-Afri.[48]
On 26 October 2019 U.S. Joint Special Operations Command's (JSOC) Delta Force conducted a raid into the Idlib province of Syria on the border with Turkey that resulted in the death of brahim Awad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai also known asAbū Bakr al-Baghdadi.[49] The raid was launched based on aCIASpecial Activities Center intelligence collection and close target reconnaissance effort that located the leader of ISIS. Launched after midnight local time, the eight helicopters carrying the teams along with support aircraft crossed hundreds of miles of airspace controlled by Iraq, Turkey and Russia. Upon arrival, efforts were made for Baghdadi to surrender, with those efforts unsuccessful U.S. forces responded by blowing a large hole into the side of the compound. After entering, the compound was cleared, with people either surrendering or being shot and killed. The two-hour raid culminated with Baghdadi fleeing from U.S. forces into a dead-end tunnel and detonating a suicide vest, killing himself along with three of his children.[50][51] The complex operation was conducted during the withdrawal of U.S. forces northeast Syria, adding to the complexity.[52][53]
Death of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
On 3 February 2022, U.S. President Joe Biden announced that a raid conducted by Joint Special Operations Command in the city ofAtme, Syria in Northwest Syria near the border with Turkey, had killed the second leader of ISIS, Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi.[54] After U.S. forces evacuated 10 civilians using an Arabic translator and a bullhorn, al-Qurashi proceeded to detonate a bomb that killed himself and 12 others, many of which were members of his family.[55][56] After the explosion, the U.S. soldiers entered the compound and had a shootout with the survivors, including a deputy of al-Qurashi, who was then shot and killed by the U.S. forces.[55] The raid lasted nearly two hours and no U.S. forces were killed.
Two Australian FLOs were assigned to JSOC's headquarters; one FLO was assigned to JSOC's Security Operations Training Facility, 3rd Operational Support Group; and two FLOs were assigned to JSOC's Combat Applications Group.
In his most recent assignment, he served as Support Squadron Command Sergeant Major of the 3rd Operational Support Group at Fort Liberty, formerly Fort Bragg.
Delta Force dumps its most brain-damaged, unstable screwups onto USASOC HQ for babysitting until they can be discharged from the military. In this sworn statement, the commander of that unit says he's afraid one of them is going to do a mass shooting...3 OSG = 3rd Operational Support Group = Delta Force
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