| Joint Lock | |
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| Style | Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu,Judo,Sambo,MMA,Soo Bahk Do |
Ajoint lock is agrappling technique involving manipulation of an opponent'sjoints in such a way that the joints reach their maximal degree of motion and hyperextension.
Injudō these are referred to askansetsu-waza (関節技, "joint locking technique"[1]) and inChinese martial arts asqin na, which literally means "catching and locking". In Korea these are referred to asgwan-jerl-gi (관절기, joint skill) orgwan-jerl-kerk-gi (관절꺾기, joint breaking).
Joint locks typically involve isolating a particular joint,levering it in an attempt to force the joint to move past its normal range of motion. Joint locks generate varying degrees of pain in the joints and, if applied forcefully and/or suddenly, may causeinjury, such asmuscle,tendon andligament damage and evendislocation orbone fracture.
Injudo, the combining of standing locks with throws is forbidden due to the risk of physical harm to the falling opponent, whileBrazilian jiu-jitsu,jujutsu,taijutsu,aikido,sambo, andhapkido allow their use.
Joint locks can be divided into five general types according to which section of the body they affect:
These general types can be further divided into subtypes according to which specific joint(s) they affect, or the type of motion they involve.
Joint locks are commonly featured in all forms ofgrappling, whether it be inmartial arts,self-defense,combat sport orhand to hand combat application. The variants involving lesser levering on a smallerjoint (such aswristlocks) are often featured inlaw-enforcement orself-defense application, where they are used aspain compliance holds. Joint locks that involve full body leverage can on the other hand be used inhand to hand combat to partially or fully disable an opponent, by tearing major joints such asknees orelbows.
Commonmartial arts featuring joint locks includeAikido,Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu,Catch Wrestling,Eskrima,Eagle Claw,Fu Jow Pai,Hapkido,Hung Gar,Jujutsu,Judo,Sambo,Ninjutsu,Shoot wrestling, andmixed martial arts. They are usually practiced in a maximally safe manner, with controlled movements, and releasing the joint lock once it is apparent that it has been effectively applied. In combat sports, joint locks are used assubmission holds, and are intended to force the opponent tosubmit; the lock will be controlled and held until an opponent submits or a referee recognizes the threat ofinjury and intervenes. The types of joint locks allowed in competitions featuring them varies according to the perceived danger in their application.Armlocks are generally considered safer, whilesmall joint manipulation andspinal locks are banned in nearly all combat sports.
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