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John W. Drake | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1932-02-10)February 10, 1932 |
| Died | February 2, 2020(2020-02-02) (aged 87) |
| Citizenship | United States of America |
| Alma mater | Caltech |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | mutagenesis andDNA repair andgenetics |
| Institutions | NIEHS |
| Doctoral advisor | Renato Dulbecco |
John W. Drake (February 10, 1932 – February 2, 2020) was anAmericanmicrobiologist andgeneticist, working for over half a century in the field ofmutagenesis andDNA repair.[1]
He completed an MS in Microbiology at theUniversity of Illinois (withPaul M. Bingham). His interest inembryology led him to take his PhD at theCalifornia Institute of Technology in 1958[2] where he studied alongsideHoward Temin in the laboratory ofRenato Dulbecco.[3]
Based on earlier observations on the mutation frequencies of thebacteriophage T4, Drake in the early 1960s began to study the biochemical activities of theT4 polymerase. For this, he established a phage genetics laboratory at theUniversity of Illinois. Together with his coworkers he could dissect both pro- and anti-mutagenic activities of the T4 DNA polymerases duringviral replication. To describe the mutation rate in a quantitative way for different organisms, Drake postulated that the mutation rate (per base position and per replication cycle) is proportional to the total genome size of a DNA-based microorganism ("Drakes Law").[4][5] His own discovery of mutator phenotypes (i.e. bacterial or phage strains which display an exceptionally high mutation rate), however demonstrated that there can be deviations (hypermutability) from this general rule.[6]
As an early member of theEnvironmental Mutagen Society, John W. Drake chaired its "Committee 17" which published an influential position paper; “Environmental Mutagenic Hazards”, inScience in 1975.[7] This described the research needs and regulatory responsibility for managing potential mutagenic compounds in the environment. It significantly influenced research direction, regulatory procedures and mutagenicity testing within industry within the United States and internationally.[8]
Later, he pioneered research on the mutational processes during replication of RNA viruses and RNA bacteriophages.[9] Results from these studies had far reaching consequences for the understanding of the mechanisms that drive viral evolution of human pathogens such asInfluenza A virus,Hepatitis C virus andSARS coronavirus 2.
As editor-in-chief ofGENETICS from 1982 to 1996, Jan Drake helped to make the journal a first-choice for scientific publications from all over the world. In the last years of his academic and scientific career, John W. Drake headed the Spontaneous Mutation and DNA Repair Group within the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics at theNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.[2]He was fellow of theJohn Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.