John Hessell Tiltman | |
|---|---|
 BritishcryptanalystsHarry Hinsley, SirEdward Travis, and John Tiltman in Washington D.C., November 1945 | |
| Nickname | "The Brig" |
| Born | (1894-05-25)25 May 1894 London, England |
| Died | 10 August 1982(1982-08-10) (aged 88) Hawaii, United States |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1946 |
| Rank | Brigadier |
| Service number | 11225 |
| Unit | King's Own Scottish Borderers |
| Battles / wars | World War I World War II |
| Awards | Military Cross (1917)[1] OBE (1930)[1] CBE (1944)[2] CMG (1954)[3] Legion of Merit (1946)[4] |
| Spouse | [5] |
| Children | Tempe Anne Denzer |
BrigadierJohn Hessell Tiltman,CMG, CBE, MC (25 May 1894 – 10 August 1982) was aBritish Army officer who worked in intelligence, often at or with theGovernment Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) starting in the 1920s.
His intelligence work was largely connected withcryptography, and he showed exceptional skill atcryptanalysis. His work in association withBill Tutte on thecryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, the German teleprintercipher, called "Tunny" (for tunafish) atBletchley Park, led to breakthroughs in attack methods on the code, without a computer. It was to exploit those methods, at extremely high speed with great reliability, thatColossus, the first digital programmable electronic computer, was designed and built.[6]
Tiltman's parents were from Scotland, though he was born in London. He joined the British Army in August 1914, initially with theLondon Scottish Regiment, and saw service at the front duringWorld War I with the 6th BattalionKing's Own Scottish Borderers. He won theMilitary Cross for bravery at The Third Battle of the Scarpe in May 1917, where he was severely wounded. He was seconded toMI1 shortly before it merged withRoom 40. His older sister, Mary Tiltman, had previously served as a code-breaker in the "Hush WAACs" in 1918.[7]
From 1921 to 1929, he was a cryptanalyst with theIndian Army at Army Headquarters,Simla. The analysts were reading Russian diplomatic cypher traffic from Moscow to Kabul, Afghanistan and Tashkent, Turkestan. Tiltman worked with a modest group of people and was involved in directing interception and traffic analysis as well as working on cyphers; he said he was exceptionally lucky to have this experience in other branches of Signals Intelligence.
After a decade as a War Office civilian at GC&CS, the interwar cryptographic organization, Tiltman was recalled to active service. Although he did not have a university education, his extensive experience of cryptanalysis was expected to be useful.[8] He assisted in many areas of endeavour at GC&CS and was considered one of Bletchley Park's finest cryptanalysts on non-machine systems.[9]
Tiltman was an early and persistent advocate of British cooperation with the United States in cryptology. His advocacy helped achieve smooth relations duringWorld War II.[10]
In 1944, he was promoted to brigadier and appointed deputy director of GC&CS. He continued in 1946, as assistant director of theGovernment Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), successor to GC&CS.[10] Tiltman became Senior GCHQ Liaison Officer at theArmy Security Agency from 1949 to 1954. He retired as a Brigadier.
In 1951 Tiltman metWilliam Friedman, one of the leading scholars involved in the attempt to decipher the mysteriousVoynich manuscript. Tiltman undertook an analysis of the ancient manuscript himself, and then in the 1970s he assigned an NSA cryptanalyst namedMary D'Imperio to take over the Voynich crypto-analysis, when Friedman's health began becoming a challenge. D'Imperio's work resulted in the bookThe Voynich Manuscript: An Elegant Enigma, and is now considered one of the standard reference works on the Voynich Manuscript. Tiltman wrote the foreword to this book.
After reaching normal retirement age, Tiltman was retained by GCHQ from 1954 to 1964. From 1964 until 1980 he was a consultant and researcher at theNational Security Agency, spending in all 60 years at the cutting edge ofSIGINT.[10]
Tiltman made the transition from the manual ciphers of the early 20th century to the sophisticated machine systems of the latter half of the century; he was one of a very few who were able to do so. "The Brig", as he was affectionately known in both countries, compiled a lengthy record of high achievement.
On 1 September 2004, Tiltman was inducted into the "NSA Hall of Honor", the first non-US citizen to be recognised in that way. The NSA commented, "His efforts at training and his attention to all the many facets that make up cryptology inspired the best in all who encountered him."[10]
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