Movatterモバイル変換

John Quincy Adams II

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

American politician (1833–1894)

John Quincy Adams II
Adams as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives

Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 6thNorfolk district
In office January 7, 1874 – January 5, 1875
Preceded by	James A. Stetson
Succeeded by	William A. Hodges
In office January 4, 1871 – January 2, 1872
Preceded by	Edmund B. Taylor
Succeeded by	Henry H. Faxon
In office January 1, 1868 – January 6, 1869
Preceded by	George Gill
Succeeded by	Henry Barker
In office January 3, 1866 – January 1, 1867
Preceded by	Henry H. Faxon
Succeeded by	George Gill

Personal details
Born	(1833-09-22)September 22, 1833 Boston,Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	August 14, 1894(1894-08-14) (aged 60) Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Wollaston Cemetery, Quincy, Massachusetts
Political party	Republican (before 1867) Democratic (1867–94)
Spouse	Frances Cadwallader Crowninshield (m. 1861)
Relations	Adams political family Quincy political family
Children	John George Charles III Frances Arthur Abigail
Parent(s)	Charles Francis Adams Sr. Abigail Brown Adams
Alma mater	Harvard University
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America (Union)
Branch/service	Massachusetts Militia
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Colonel
Unit	Staff ofGovernor John Albion Andrew
Battles/wars	American Civil War

John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American politician who representedQuincy in theMassachusetts House of Representatives from 1866 to 1867, 1868 to 1869, 1871 to 1872, and from 1874 to 1875.

Adams served as acolonel in theUnion Army during theAmerican Civil War underGovernor John Albion Andrew ofMassachusetts. Later in life, he left theRepublican Party in 1867 for theDemocratic Party.

Early life

[edit]

Coat of Arms ofJohn Adams, thesecond U.S. president

John Quincy Adams II was born on September 22, 1833, inBoston,Massachusetts, the second of seven children born toCharles Francis Adams Sr.^[1] andAbigail Brown Adams.^[2]^[3]^[4]

He was a grandson of the sixth United States president,John Quincy Adams (his namesake), and a great-grandson of the second president,John Adams. His maternal grandfather was shipping magnatePeter Chardon Brooks (1767–1849).^[5]

He graduated fromHarvard University in 1853, studied law, and two years later was admitted to theSuffolk County bar,^[6] and practiced inBoston. He followed his profession for a short time, then, becoming interested inagriculture, he established an experimental model farm of five hundred acres nearQuincy,Massachusetts.^[6]

Career

[edit]

During theCivil War he served as anaide-de-camp on the staff ofGovernor John Albion Andrew, first as alieutenant colonel, and later as acolonel.^[7] During the war his duties included visiting Massachusetts units in the field and providing the governor status reports on their condition. In 1862, he made inspection visits to several Massachusetts units operating in North Carolina.^[8]

Adams served in several local offices in Quincy, includingtown meeting moderator,school board chairman and judge of thelocal court. He was elected to theMassachusetts state legislature^[6] as aRepublican, but soon switched to theDemocratic Party because of his dissatisfaction with RepublicanReconstruction policies.^[9] In addition to serving in theMassachusetts House of Representatives in 1865, 1867, 1870 and 1873, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee forGovernor of Massachusetts^[6] in every year from 1867 to 1871. (Governors served one year terms until 1918.)

Adams received one vote for the Democratic nomination forPresident of the United States at the1868 Democratic National Convention.^[10] In 1872, the faction of Democrats that refused to supportHorace Greeley, the fusion candidate of Democrats and theLiberal Republican Party, nominatedCharles O'Conor for president and Adams forvice president on the "Straight-Out Democratic" ticket.^[6] They declined, but their names remained on the ballot in some states.^[11]^[12]^[13]

In 1873, he was the unsuccessful nominee forlieutenant governor.^[14] After losing an election for lieutenant governor in 1876, Adams refused most further involvement in politics, though he was considered byGrover Cleveland for a cabinet position in 1893.^[15] In 1877, he was made a member of theHarvard Corporation.^[16]

Personal life

[edit]

A portrait of Fanny Crowninshield bySamuel Worcester Rowse.

Illustration accompanying Adams's biography in 1913'sLamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States, Volume 1

In 1861, Adams married Frances "Fanny" Cadwalader Crowninshield (1839–1911),^[17] daughter of George Crowninshield (1812–1857) and Harriet Sears Crowninshield (1809–1873) of the politically powerfulCrowninshield family. Fanny was the granddaughter of formerUnited States Secretary of the Navy under presidents Madison and Monroe,Benjamin Williams Crowninshield.^[18]^[19] Their children were:

John Quincy Adams III. (1862–1876), who died young.
George Caspar Adams (1863–1900), who was the head coach of the Harvard University football program.^[20]
Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954), who served asSecretary of the Navy, and who married Frances Lovering.^[21]
Frances "Fanny" C. Adams (1873–1876), who died in childhood.
Arthur Charles Adams (1877–1943), who served as vice president of the Adams Trust Company, the Colony Trust and the New England Trust Company.^[22]
Abigail "Hitty" Adams (1879–1974),^[23] who married Robert Homans in 1907.^[24]

Adams died at age 60 inWollaston, Massachusetts on August 14, 1894.^[6] He was buried atMount Wollaston Cemetery in Quincy.^[25] His widow died in 1911, and left an estate worth $1,200,000 to their three surviving children.^[26]

Descendants

[edit]

Through his daughter, Abigail, he was the grandfather ofGeorge Casper Homans (1910–1989), asociologist and the founder ofbehavioral sociology and theSocial Exchange Theory.^[27]^[28]

Family tree

[edit]

Adams family tree

John Adams
(1735–1826)

Abigail Adams (née Smith)
(1744–1818)

William Stephens Smith
(1755–1816)

Abigail Amelia Adams Smith
(1765–1813)

John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848)

Louisa Catherine Adams (née Johnson)
(1775–1852)

Charles Adams
(1770–1800)

Thomas Boylston Adams
(1772–1832)

George Washington Adams
(1801–1829)

John Adams II
(1803–1834)

Charles Francis Adams Sr.
(1807–1886)

Abigail Brown Adams (née Brooks)
(1808–1889)

Frances CadwaladerCrowninshield
(1839–1911)

John Quincy Adams II
(1833–1894)

Charles Francis Adams Jr.
(1835–1915)

Henry Brooks Adams
(1838–1918)

Marian Hooper Adams
(1843–1885)

Peter Chardon Brooks Adams
(1848–1927)

George Casper Adams
(1863–1900)

Charles Francis Adams III
(1866–1954)

Frances Adams (née Lovering)
(1869–1956)

John Adams
(1875–1964)

Henry Sturgis Morgan
(1900–1982)

Catherine Lovering Adams Morgan
(1902–1988)

Charles Francis Adams IV
(1910–1999)

Thomas Boylston Adams
(1910–1997)

References

[edit]

^Donald, David (26 March 1961)."It Wasn't Easy to be an Adams; A Member of a Great but Unpopular Clan, C.F. Adams Ably Served the Union Cause Charles Francis Adams, 1807–1886. By Martin B. Duberman. Illustrated. 525 pp. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. $7.50. To Be an Adams".The New York Times. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^John Quincy Adams: A Life. Harlow G. Unger, p. 270-271.
^Whittier, Charles Collyer (1907).Genealogy of the Stimpson family of Charlestown, Mass. The Library of Congress. Boston, Press of D. Clapp & son.
^"CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS".The New York Times. 1886-11-22.ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved2022-04-22.
^Whittier, Charles Collyer (1907).Genealogy of the Stimpson Family of Charlestown, Mass: and allied lines. Press of D. Clapp & Son. p. 52. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fJohnson 1906, p. 51
^The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison: To Rouse the Slumbering Land, 1868-1979, by William Lloyd Garrison, 1981, page 218
^Schouler, William (1868).A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War. Boston, MA: E. P. Dutton. pp. 14, 313 – viaGoogle Books.
^Newspaper article, Massachusetts Politics: John Quincy Adams Accepts the Democratic Nomination for Governor,New York Times, October 10, 1867
^CNN web page, All The Votes...Really, a list of individuals who received convention votes for president or vice president prior to 1996
^Newspaper article, John Quincy Adams; His Acceptance of the Louisville Nomination -- Why Democrats Cannot Support Greeley and Preserve Their Self-Respect, New York Times, September 13, 1872
^Editor's Historical Record, Harper's New Monthly magazine, November, 1872
^Newspaper editorial, The Presidential Election, Lewiston (Maine), Evening Journal, October 28, 1872
^"John Quincy Adams Dead | Was a Lineal Descendant from Two Presidents. | The Son of Charles Francis Adams, the Great Diplomat, He Became a Vigorous Supporter of Lincoln -- After the War Was a Democrat -- Held Various Offices -- In Later Years He Lived in Retirement in the Country".The New York Times. 15 August 1894. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^Newspaper article, Cabinet Possibilities: John Quincy Adams and Isidor Straus Talked Of, New York Times, February 7, 1893
^Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920)."Adams, John Quincy (2d)" .Encyclopedia Americana.
^"Obituary Notes | Mrs. Fanny Crowninshield Adams".The New York Times. 18 May 1911. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^Harrison, B.The Family Forest Descendants of Lady Joan Beaufort. Millisecond Publishing Company, Inc. p. 3023. Retrieved2014-10-04.
^Browning, Charles Henry.Americans of Royal Descent: A Collection of Genealogies of American Families Whose Lineage is traced to the Legitimate Issue of Kings. Philadelphia: Porter & Costes, 1891, ed. 2, pp. 68 – 69.
^"Obituary Notes | George Caspar Adams"(PDF).The New York Times. 14 July 1900. Retrieved12 September 2019.
^"C. F. Adams is Dead; Headed U. S. Navy | Hoover Cabinet Aide, 87, Was Banker, Philanthropist and Civic Leader in Boston | Noted As Yachtsman | While at Helm of Resolute, He Defeated Shamrock IV – Won 3 Cups in Year".The New York Times. 12 June 1954. Retrieved8 March 2017.
^"Arthur Davis | Brother of Navy Ex-Secretary, Kin of Presidents, Was Banker"(PDF).The New York Times. 20 May 1943. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^Whitman, Alden (6 February 1974)."Abigail Adams Homans of Presidents' Family Dies; Deft Deflator".The New York Times. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^"Homans -- Adams".The New York Times. 11 June 1907. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^"Mout Wollaston Cemetery Tour"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2020-10-21. Retrieved2020-11-05.
^"Estate of Mrs. F.C. Adams.; Widow of John Quincy Adams Leaves $1,200,000 to Three Children".The New York Times. 8 June 1911. Retrieved28 June 2017.
^Bell, Daniel (1992). "George C. Homans (11 August 1910–29 May 1989)".Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.136 (4). American Philosophical Society:586–593.
^"George Homans, 78, Sociologist And Harvard Professor Emeritus".The New York Times. 31 May 1989. Retrieved28 June 2017.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Johnson, Rossiter, ed. (1906). "Adams, John Quincy (statesman)".The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. p. 51.

External links

[edit]

"Adams, John Quincy, 2d" .New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

Party political offices
Preceded by Theodore H. Sweetser	Democratic nominee forGovernor of Massachusetts 1867,1868,1869,1870,1871	Succeeded by Francis W. Bird

v t e John Quincy Adams
U.S. Representative forMA–8 (1843–1848) U.S. Representative forMA–12 (1833–1843) U.S. Representative forMA–11 (1831–1833) 6th President of the United States (1825–1829) 8th United States Secretary of State (1817–1825) U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom (1814–1817) U.S. Minister to Russia (1809–1814) U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1803–1808) U.S. Minister to Prussia (1797–1801) U.S. Minister to the Netherlands (1794–1797)
Presidency	Inauguration American System Internal improvements Tariff of 1828 First Treaty of Prairie du Chien Treaty of Fond du Lac Treaty of Limits United States Naval Observatory State of the Union Address, 1825 1827 1828 Federal judiciary appointments
Other events	Supreme Court nomination Monroe Doctrine, author Treaty of Ghent Adams–Onís Treaty Treaty of 1818 Tariff of 1832 Smithsonian Institution United States v. The Amistad Mendi Bible President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences President, Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences
Writings	Lifelong diary Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Adams Papers Editorial Project
Life and homes	Early life Abigail Adams Cairn John Quincy Adams and abolitionism Adams National Historical Park Birthplace and family home Peacefield Stone Library United First Parish Church and gravesite
Electoral history	Senate 1803 1808 Presidential runs 1824 Corrupt Bargain 1828
Legacy	Bibliography Adams Memorial Adams House at Harvard University U.S. Postage stamps Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar Mount Quincy Adams USSPresident Adams (1941) USSJohn Adams (1963) Oyster-Adams Bilingual School
Popular culture	Profiles in Courage (1957 book) 1965 television series) The Adams Chronicles (1976 miniseries) Mutiny on the Amistad (1987 book) Amistad (1997 film) John Adams (2001 book 2008 miniseries)
Adams political family Quincy family	Louisa Adams (wife) George Washington Adams (son) Charles Francis Adams Sr. (son) John Adams II (son) Henry Adams (grandson) Brooks Adams (grandson) John Quincy Adams II (grandson) John Adams father presidency Abigail Adams mother First Lady Quincy political family Abigail Adams Smith (sister) Charles Adams (brother) Thomas Boylston Adams (brother) John Adams Sr. (grandfather) Susanna Boylston (grandmother) John Quincy (great-grandfather)
Related	National Republican Party Republicanism Quincy Patriot John Quincy Adams (Bingham)
← James Monroe Andrew Jackson → Category

v t e John Adams
2nd President of the United States (1797–1801) 1st Vice President of the United States (1789–1797) U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom (1785–1788) U.S. Minister to the Netherlands (1782–1788) Delegate to theSecond Continental Congress (1775–1778) Delegate to theFirst Continental Congress (1774)
Founding of the United States	Braintree Instructions (1765) Boston Massacre defense Continental Association Petition to the King United Colonies Thoughts on Government (1776) Lee Resolution (seconded) Declaration of Independence May 15 preamble Committee of Five Model Treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Board of War Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775–1779 Continental Navy Staten Island Peace Conference Conference House Constitution of Massachusetts (1780) Treaty of Paris, 1783 Diplomacy
Elections	United States presidential election 1788–1789 1792 1796 1800
Presidency (timeline)	Inauguration Quasi War with France XYZ Affair United States Department of the Navy Commerce Protection Act United States Marine Corps Convention of 1800 Mississippi Organic Act Alien and Sedition Acts Naturalization Act of 1798 Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act Marine Hospital Service Bankruptcy Act of 1800 Indiana Organic Act Slave Trade Act of 1800 District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 Navy Department Library Treaty of Tellico Treaty of Tripoli Midnight Judges Act Marbury v. Madison State of the Union Address (1797 1798 1799 1800) Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson Cabinet Federal judiciary appointments
Other writings	Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Adams Papers Editorial Project A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams Founders Online Gray v. Pitts
Life and homes	Early life and education Adams National Historical Park John Adams Birthplace Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace Peacefield Stone Library Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University Presidents House, Philadelphia Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences United First Parish Church and gravesite
Legacy	Bibliography List of memorials Adams Memorial (proposed) John Adams Building John Adams Courthouse Fort Adams Jefferson Memorial pediment U.S. Postage stamps Treaty of Paris (1783 painting) USSAdams (1799) USSJohn Adams (1799) USSAdams (1874) USSPresident Adams (1941) USSJohn Adams (1963) Adams House at Harvard University John Adams tree Mount Adams (New Hampshire,Washington) Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
Popular culture	Portrait of John Adams (1783 painting) Portrait of John Adams (1793 painting) Declaration of Independence (1938 film) Profiles in Courage (1964 series) American Primitive (1969 play) 1776 (1969 musical 1972 film) The Adams Chronicles (1976 miniseries) Liberty! (1997 documentary series) Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series) John Adams (2001 book 2008 miniseries) John and Abigail Adams (2006 documentary film) The Revolution (2006 miniseries) Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries) Franklin (2024 miniseries) The American Revolution (2025 miniseries)
Related	"Adams and Liberty" campaign song Adams' personal library American Enlightenment Congress Hall Federalist Party Federalist Era First Party System republicanism American Philosophical Society Gazette of the United States The American Museum American Revolution patriots Founding Fathers
Adams political family	Abigail Adams wife Quincy political family Abigail Adams Smith (daughter) John Quincy Adams son presidency Charles Adams (son) Thomas Boylston Adams (son) George Washington Adams (grandson) Charles Francis Adams Sr. (grandson) John Adams II (grandson) John Quincy Adams II (great-grandson) Henry Adams (great-grandson) Brooks Adams (great-grandson) John Adams Sr. (father) Susanna Boylston (mother) Samuel Adams (second cousin) Louisa Adams (daughter-in-law,first lady)
← George Washington Thomas Jefferson → Thomas Jefferson → Category