The Honourable John Manley PC OC
Manley in 2003
8thDeputy Prime Minister of Canada
In office January 15, 2002 – December 11, 2003[1]
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Herb Gray
Succeeded by	Anne McLellan
Minister of Finance
In office June 2, 2002 – December 11, 2003[1]
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Paul Martin
Succeeded by	Ralph Goodale
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office October 17, 2000 – January 14, 2002[1]
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Lloyd Axworthy
Succeeded by	Bill Graham
Minister of Industry
In office November 4, 1993 – October 16, 2000[1]
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Jean Charest
Succeeded by	Brian Tobin
Member of Parliament forOttawa South
In office November 21, 1988 – June 27, 2004[1]
Preceded by	Barry Turner
Succeeded by	David McGuinty
Personal details
Born	John Paul Manley (1950-01-05)January 5, 1950 (age 75)[1] Ottawa,Ontario, Canada[1]
Political party	Liberal
Profession	Barrister solicitor teacher

John Paul ManleyPC OC (born January 5, 1950) is a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the eighthdeputy prime minister of Canada from 2002 to 2003. He wasLiberal Member of Parliament forOttawa South from1988 to2004.

As Foreign Minister during theSeptember 11 attacks, Manley acted swiftly and proactively to address U.S. security while maintaining economic ties between the U.S. and Canada.He chaired a special cabinet committee on security, and he was responsible for theSmart Border Declaration.^[2]For this work, Manley was namedCanada's Newsmaker of the Year byTime magazine in 2001.^[3]

Although a prominentLiberal, Manley was appointed byConservative Prime MinisterStephen Harper in 2007 to head an independent, non-partisan panel reviewing Canada's mission and future role inAfghanistan.^[4][5]Most of the recommendations of theIndependent Panel on Canada's Future Role in Afghanistan (the "Manley report") were accepted, including an extension of the mission beyond February 2009 while calling for more soldiers and equipment.^[6]

From January 2010 to October 2018 Manley waspresident and CEO of theBusiness Council of Canada.^[6]He has held directorships of theCanadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC),CAE Inc.,Telus, and theCanadian Pacific Railway.^[7][8]Manley served as Chair of Ontario's Royal Commission on Electric Power planning following thenortheast blackout of 2003.^[9]He serves on the advisory board of theLeaders' Debates Commission.^[10][11]

Manley was born inOttawa, Ontario, and attendedBell High School. He received aBA fromCarleton University in 1971 and anLL.B. from theUniversity of Ottawa in 1976.^[3] He also studied at theUniversity of Lausanne. Manley was called to the Ontario bar in 1978.^[12]

After law school Manley clerked underBora Laskin, theChief Justice of Canada. He joined the Ottawa firm Perley, Robertson, Panet, Hill and McDougall, specializing in tax law.^[3]

John Manley was first elected as aMember of Parliament in the1988 election. When the Liberals came to power underJean Chrétien following the1993 election he becameMinister of Industry. During his time in Industry, Manley was a staunch supporter of Canada-based research and development, and also of increased technology use in public schools.^[13] In particular, he felt that the so-called "wired classroom" would help to equalize the gap between urban and smaller, rural schools. These initiatives were partially aimed at combating the "brain drain", and Manley himself stated that "Canada needs to pursue policies that will make it a magnet for brains, attracting them from elsewhere and retaining the ones we have."^[14]As Industry Minister, in January 2000 Manley proposed a multimillion dollar rescue package for cash-strapped CanadianNational Hockey League teams, but withdrew the proposal within 48 hours following criticism that there were better uses for public funds.^[15][13]

Manley was appointedMinister of Foreign Affairs in 2000. He was responsible for the establishment of theSmart Border Declaration, a proactive strategy to address Canada-U.S. security issues following theSeptember 11 attacks in 2001.^[2]: 87Manley's approach addressed American security concerns without severing economic ties, which not only averted economic disaster for Canada, but also helped the U.S. since closure of the border would have magnified the negative impact of the9/11 attacks.^{[2]: 87–88}

In October 2001, Manley was named chairman of a special cabinet committee on security that revamped immigration rules, antiterrorism laws, regulations on arrest and detention, and border procedures.^[2] Manley's assertive responses helped to keep the "hugely complex relationship with the U.S. on an even keel" as Washington dealt with terrorist threats.^[3] Manley had good working relationships with U.S. Secretary of StateColin Powell and U.S. Homeland Security chiefTom Ridge, and the director of Toronto'sCanadian Institute of Strategic Studies said "Under Manley, the government of Canada talks to Washington, not at it."^[3]For his work to swiftly and dramatically "orchestrate a transformative moment in Canada's history", Manley was namedCanada's Newsmaker of the Year byTime magazine in 2001.^[3]

In January 2002 Manley was appointedDeputy Prime Minister and given special responsibility for security in response to9/11.^[16]In May 2002, Chrétien appointed Manley asMinister of Finance, following the departure ofPaul Martin. Manley's 2003 federal budget laid out billions of dollars in new spending, primarily for health-care, child-care, andFirst Nations. It also introduced new accountability features to help limit federal waste.^[17]

When Jean Chrétien announced his decision to retire, Manley was seen by many as the prime minister's logical successor given his roles as deputy prime minister and as chair of the important economic and social policy cabinet committees.^[6]However, Manley withdrew from the leadership race and endorsedPaul Martin in July 2003 when it became clear that Martin had an overwhelming lead.^[6][18]Martin offered Manley a role asAmbassador to the United States, which Manley declined for personal and family reasons.^[19] Later in 2003, Manley announced his retirement from politics.^[6]

On January 25, 2006 Manley sent a letter to supporters indicating that he was not going to contest theLiberal leadership after the resignation ofPaul Martin.Martin had resigned after theJanuary 23, 2006 election resulted in a Conservative Party minority in parliament.^[20]

Manley was mentioned again as a possible contender for theleadership of the Liberal Party afterStéphane Dion's resignation following the October 14,2008 election that resulted in a larger minority Conservative government. On November 4, 2008 Manley announced that he would not be a candidate.^[21]

On 12 October 2007, Manley was appointed by Conservative Prime MinisterStephen Harper to head an independent, non-partisan panel reviewing Canada's mission and future role inAfghanistan, a position he had discussed with Liberal leaderStéphane Dion beforehand. Both Dion and Liberal Foreign Affairs criticBob Rae had encouraging words for the panel.^[22]Manley's appointment was described as a "masterstroke" in aThe Globe and Mail editorial, given Manley's evident qualifications as a former foreign minister and former chairman of a cabinet committee on public security and anti-terrorism established after9/11.Also, by appointing a prominent Liberal, bipartisan support could be built for what was originally a Liberal-mandated mission.^[23]

TheIndependent Panel on Canada's Future Role in Afghanistan reported on January 28, 2008, in what became known as theManley report. It argued for an indefinite extension of the mission beyond February 2009, but also pointed to logistical and equipment shortfalls, communications challenges with telling the mission's story to Canadians, and a coming manpower strength shortage. The report's recommendations were accepted by the House when the Liberals backed them along with the Conservatives.^[24][25]

Manley served as Chair of Ontario's Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning in the wake of theeastern North American blackout of 2003.^[26]

Manley was co-chair of theIndependent Task Force on the Future of North America, a project of the U.S.-basedCouncil on Foreign Relations. In 2005, the Task Force released a report that advocated a North American "economic and security community" by 2010, the boundaries of which would be defined by a common external tariff and an outer security perimeter.The three-country economic area would resemble theEuropean Community, a predecessor of theEuropean Union.^[27][28][29]

Manley has served as Chair of the Advisory Council of theCanadian Global Affairs Institute, a Fellow of theC.D. Howe Institute, and as Chair of the Canadian branch of theTrilateral Commission. He is a member of the International Advisory Council of theBrookings Institution and the Global Advisory Council of theWilson Center.^[12][8]

Manley is a member of the advisory board of theLeaders' Debates Commission.^[30][31]He has served on the boards of the not-for-profitsCARE Canada,MaRS, theNational Arts Centre Foundation, theUniversity of Waterloo, theConference Board of Canada, and theInstitute for Research on Public Policy.^[32]

On May 18, 2004, Manley joined the law firmMcCarthy Tétrault as counsel, working in theirToronto andOttawa offices.^[33] In September 2019, he joined law firmBennett Jones as a Senior Business Advisor as part of the Governmental Affairs & Public Policy group.^[34]

From 2010 to 2018, Manley was President and CEO of the not-for-profitBusiness Council of Canada.^[6]

John Manley has served as Chair of the Boards of Directors ofNortel,CIBC,CAE Inc. andTelus, and as a member of the Board of Directors of theCanadian Pacific Railway.^{[12][6][7][8]}

Globe and Mail political columnistLawrence Martin said Manley is "a broad-perspective pragmatist, who, while spending a lot of time with the Bay Street boys (you do that as an industry minister), has never been captive to them."^[7]

In an interview for the British think-tankThe Bruges Group, Manley said of then-Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau's economic spending priorities: "I see commitments on spending programmes that will not necessarily add to Canada's productivity or support economic growth – so I'm one that's a bit worried about the trajectory that we are on".^[35]

Manley is an advocate for the abolition of theCanadian monarchy. This point of view created quite a controversy when, in response to a reporter's question, he stated "I don't think it's necessary for Canada to continue with the monarchy" during a 2002 tour of Canada by the Queen.^[36] Manley served as the Queen's official government escort when her 12-day tour concluded in the national capital region.^[36]

John Manley is an Officer of theOrder of Canada.^[12]

Manley holds Honorary Doctorates from theUniversity of Ottawa,Carleton University, theUniversity of Toronto,Western University, theUniversity of Windsor andYork University.^[12][37]

John Manley is married to Judith Manley with whom he has three children.^[13]

Manley is an avidmarathon runner.^[38][39]

• 1950 births
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• Carleton University alumni
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• Living people
• Members of the 26th Canadian Ministry
• Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
• Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
• Officers of the Order of Canada
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• University of Ottawa alumni
• University of Ottawa Faculty of Law alumni
• 20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada
• 21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada

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