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John Letcher | |
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| 34th Governor of Virginia | |
| In office January 1, 1860 – January 1, 1864 (disputed from 1861) | |
| Lieutenant | Robert Latane Montague |
| Preceded by | Henry A. Wise |
| Succeeded by | William Smith (Confederate) Francis Pierpont (Unionist) |
| Member of theVirginia House of Delegates fromRockbridge County | |
| In office December 1, 1875 – December 5, 1877 Serving with W. B. F. Leech | |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromVirginia | |
| In office March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1859 | |
| Preceded by | James McDowell |
| Succeeded by | John T. Harris |
| Constituency |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | (1813-03-29)March 29, 1813 Lexington, Virginia, U.S. |
| Died | January 26, 1884(1884-01-26) (aged 70) Virginia, U.S. |
| Resting place | Oak Grove Cemetery |
| Party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Susan Holt |
| Children | 11, includingSamuel,John, andGreenlee |
| Occupation |
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John Letcher (March 29, 1813 – January 26, 1884) was an American lawyer, journalist, and politician. He served as a Representative in theUnited States Congress, was the34th Governor of Virginia during theAmerican Civil War, and later served in theVirginia General Assembly. He was also active on the Board of Visitors ofVirginia Military Institute.
John Letcher was born in the town ofLexington inRockbridge County, Virginia. He attended private rural schools andRandolph-Macon College inBoydton, Virginia (later relocated toAshland, Virginia). In 1833, he graduated fromWashington Academy in Lexington. He studied law, was admitted to the Virginia State Bar, and opened a practice in Lexington in 1839.
Letcher was editor of the (Shenandoah)Valley Star newspaper from 1840 to 1850. He was active in the presidential campaigns of 1840, 1844, and 1848, serving as a Democratic elector in 1848. Although never a trueabolitionist, he signed the Ruffner Pamphlet of 1847, which proposed the abolition ofslavery in that part of Virginia west of theBlue Ridge Mountains; however, he soon repudiated this antislavery stand. He was a delegate to theVirginia Constitutional Convention of 1850.
He was elected as a Democratic candidate and served as a Representative in theUnited States Congress from 1851 to 1859. In Congress, he was known as "Honest John" because of his opposition to government extravagance.
John Letcher was elected as Governor of Virginia in 1859, defeatingWhig candidateWilliam L. Goggin, and served from 1860 to 1864:
In accepting the nomination he states "in language distinct and emphatic, that he regards the institution of slavery, existing in Virginia and other slave States, as morally, socially and politically right." Years ago Mr. Letcher was less decided in his convictions as to the blessings of slavery. He is even charged with having been an abolitionist.[1]
Letcher was prominent in the organization of thePeace Conference of 1861 that met in Washington, D.C., on February 8, 1861, to devise means to prevent the impendingAmerican Civil War. He discouraged secession but actively sustained the ordinance passed by Virginia on April 17, 1861. Despite scheduling a popular vote to determine whether Virginia would declare secession from the United States, ultimately, the actions of theVirginia Secession Convention of 1861 and the state government, especially Letcher, effectively led Virginia to declare secession from the United States.[2][3] The referendum occurred on May 23, 1861, and Virginia voters overwhelmingly approved the Articles of Secession.[4] Letcher appointedRobert E. Lee, who had just resigned as acolonel in the U.S. Army, as commander in chief of Virginia's army and navy forces on April 22, 1861, at the grade ofmajor general.[5] On April 24, 1861, Virginia and the Confederate States agreed that the Virginia forces would be under the overall direction ofConfederate PresidentJefferson Davis, pending completion of the process of Virginia joining the Confederate States.[5]
ColonelJohn Brown Baldwin defeated Letcher in May 1863 for a seat in theSecond Confederate Congress. In 1864, his home in Lexington was burned byUnion troops during GeneralDavid Hunter's raid.
After the Civil War, Letcher resumed the practice of law in Lexington. He was elected as a member of the House of Delegates in theVirginia General Assembly 1875–1877. He was a member of the Board of Visitors of theVirginia Military Institute (VMI) 1866–1880 and served as president of the Board for ten years.
He died on January 26, 1884, at the age of 70, and was interred in the Presbyterian Cemetery (nowOak Grove Cemetery) at Lexington, Virginia.
1859 – Letcher was elected Governor of Virginia, defeating American William Leftwich Goggin.
Among Letcher's sons wasSamuel Houston Letcher, a state senator and judge;John Davidson Letcher, a professor atOregon State University who serving as acting president from January 1892 to June 1892; andGreenlee D. Letcher, a two-term member of theVirginia House of Delegates.Governor Letcher had a daughter, Lizzie, who married James Harrison, a language professor at Washington and Lee and later head of the Romance and Teutonic Language Department at the University of Virginia after 1895.
| Party political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Democratic nominee forGovernor of Virginia 1859 | Vacant Title next held by Gilbert Carlton Walker |
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromVirginia's 11th congressional district March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromVirginia's 9th congressional district March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1859 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | UndisputedGovernor of Virginia 1860–1861 | Succeeded by Himself as Confederate Governor |
| Succeeded by Francis Harrison Pierpont as Unionist Governor | ||
| Preceded by Himself as the Undisputed Governor | ConfederateGovernor of Virginia 1861–1864 | Succeeded by |
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