John Harold Kander (born March 18, 1927)[1] is an American composer, known largely for his work in the musical theater. As part of the songwriting teamKander and Ebb (with lyricistFred Ebb), Kander wrote the scores for 15 musicals, includingCabaret (1966) andChicago (1975), both of which were later adapted into acclaimed films. He and Ebb also wrote the standard "New York, New York" (officially known as "Theme fromNew York, New York"). The team received numerous nominations, including eleven for Tony Awards (won four, followed by a Lifetime Achievement Award for Kander), two nominations forAcademy Awards, and five forGolden Globe Awards.
John Kander, the second son of Harold and Bernice (Aaron) Kander, was born on March 18, 1927, inKansas City, Missouri.[2] He has stated that he grew up in a loving, middle-class Jewish family and maintained a lifelong close relationship with his older brother, Edward, who became a sales manager at a brokerage house in the city.[3] Kander attributes his early interest in music (starting at age four) to the family's love of singing around the piano.[4] His first composition was a Christmas carol, written during second-grade mathematics class; his teacher's encouragement led to the school choir singing it for a holiday assembly.[5] The teacher discreetly asked Kander's parents for permission to use the song, since he is Jewish. He attended his first opera performances at the age of nine, when the San Carlo Opera came to Kansas City with productions ofAida andMadama Butterfly. According to Kander, "My mother took me and we sat in the first row. There were these giants on the stage, and my feet were dangling over my seat. It was overwhelming for me, even though I could see the strings that held the beards on the Egyptian soldiers.... My interest in telling a story through music in many ways derived from early experiences like those."[6]
Kander attended Westport High School before transferring tothe Pembroke Country-Day School. DuringWorld War II, Kander joined theU.S. Merchant Marine Cadet Corps. After completing his training in California and sailing between San Francisco and Asia, Kander left the Corps on May 3, 1946.[6] However, due to rule changes governing national service, Kander was forced to enlist in theArmy Reserves in September of the same year, after having completed one semester at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. During theKorean War, Kander was ordered back into active duty, but he had to remain in New York City for six months of observation after a medical exam revealed scars on his lungs. He was officially discharged on July 3, 1957.[6]
Following his studies, Kander began conducting at summer theaters before serving as a rehearsal pianist[1] for the musicalWest Side Story byLeonard Bernstein andJerome Robbins in New York. While working, Kander met the choreographer Jerome Robbins, who suggested that Kander compose dance music.[citation needed] After that experience, he wrote dance arrangements forGypsy in 1959 andIrma la Douce in 1960.[8]
Kander's first produced musical wasA Family Affair in 1962, written withJames andWilliam Goldman. The same year, Kander metFred Ebb through their mutual publisher,Tommy Valando.[1] The first song Kander and Ebb wrote together, "My Coloring Book", was made popular by a recording from Sandy Stewart. Their second song, "I Don't Care Much", was made famous byBarbra Streisand, and Kander and Ebb became a permanent team.[1]
Kander and Ebb have since been associated with writing material for bothLiza Minnelli[10][11] andChita Rivera (including the musicalsZorba,Chicago,The Rink, andKiss of the Spider Woman) and have produced special material for their appearances live and on television, such asLiza with a Z.[citation needed] Most notably, Kander and Ebb wrote the dramatic title song that Minnelli introduced in her 1977 film,New York, New York, at the request of directorMartin Scorsese and co-starRobert De Niro.[12]
The Broadway musicalsCabaret andChicago have been made into films. The film version ofChicago won several 2002Academy Awards, including for best picture, film editing, costume design, art direction and sound.[13] In his musicological and biographical study of the collaboration of Kander and Ebb, James Leve discusses the full history ofCabaret andChicago in chapters titled "The Divinely Decadent Lives ofCabaret" and "Chicago: Broadway to Hollywood". As Leve notes,Cabaret, a musical adaptation ofChristopher Isherwood'sThe Berlin Stories, was an "ideal vehicle for Kander and Ebb's brittle and self-referential brand of musical theater."[14] This insight also holds true forChicago.
Kander, along with Ebb, also wrote songs forThornton Wilder'sThe Skin of Our Teeth, which was set to premiere in London, but the rights were pulled by Wilder's nephew. Kander also says thatHarvey Schmidt andTom Jones, the writers ofThe Fantasticks, wrote a musical of Wilder'sOur Town, which took them thirteen years to write, only to have the rights pulled as well by the nephew.[15]
Ebb died in 2004, and Kander's first musical without Ebb in many years,The Landing, with book and lyrics by Greg Pierce, premieredoff-Broadway at theVineyard Theatre on October 23, 2013.[16] The musical, which was a series of three "mini-musicals", was directed by Walter Bobbie and starredDavid Hyde Pierce andJulia Murney.[17]
Kander's musicalKid Victory, with book and lyrics by Greg Pierce, had its world premiere February 28, 2015, at theSignature Theatre inArlington, Virginia.[18]Kid Victory premiered off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre on February 1, 2017, in previews, and opened officially on February 22, 2017. Direction was by Liesl Tommy, with choreography by Christopher Windom. The cast featured Jeffry Denman andKaren Ziemba.[19]
Kander (music) and David Thompson (lyrics) wrote the dance playThe Beast in the Jungle, which opened off-Broadway in 2018 at the Vineyard Theatre. The play was directed and choreographed bySusan Stroman, and featuredTony Yazbeck andIrina Dvorovenko.[20] Kander (music) collaborated withLin-Manuel Miranda (lyrics) for Miranda'sHamildrops series: "Cheering for Me Now" is an uplifting track about New York's ratification of the constitution.[21]
James Leve discusses Kander's prolific career and his late musical style in the essay "John Kander: the First Ninety-Two Years".[22]
Chicago (2002) – 15 songs (mostly originally from the musical of the same name, plus one song cut from the original show, which runs under the end credits)
Kiss of the Spider Woman (2025) – 14 songs (mostly originally from the musical of the same name)
^abcdeGreen, Stanley (1984).The World of Musical Comedy: The Story of the American Musical Stage as Told through the Careers of Its Foremost Composers and Lyricists. New York, NY: Da Capo. p. 331.ISBN0498023443.
^Kander, John, and Fred Ebb with Greg Lawrence.Colored Lights: Forty Years of Words and Music, Show Biz, Collaboration, and All That Jazz. Faber and Faber, 2003, p.3
Harvey Fierstein / Marco Paguia, David Oquendo, Renesito Avich, Gustavo Schartz, Javier Días, Román Diaz, Mauricio Herrera, Jesus Ricardo, Eddie Venegas, Hery Paz, and Leonardo Reyna / Jamie Harrison, Chris Fisher, Gary Beestone, and Edward Pierce (2025)
