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John Earle (bishop)

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17th-century English bishop

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The Right Reverend John Earle
Bishop of Salisbury
Portrait of John Earle, circa 1660
Installed	1663
Term ended	1665
Predecessor	Humphrey Henchman
Successor	Alexander Hyde
Other post	Bishop of Worcester
Orders
Consecration	30 November 1662 by Gilbert Sheldon
Personal details
Born	1601 (1601) York, England
Died	17 November 1665(1665-11-17) (aged 63–64) Oxford
Denomination	Church of England
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford

John Earle (c. 1601 – 17 November 1665) was an English cleric, author and translator, who was chaplain toCharles II. Towards the end of his life he was Bishop of Worcester and then Salisbury.

Life

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He was born atYork, but the exact date is unknown. He matriculated atChrist Church, Oxford, but moved toMerton, where he obtained a fellowship. In 1631 he was proctor and also chaplain toPhilip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke, then chancellor of the university, which led in 1639 to incumbency of the rectory ofBishopston^[1] in Wiltshire.^[2]

His fame spread, and in 1641 he was appointed chaplain and tutor to the futureCharles II of England. In 1643 he was elected one of theWestminster Assembly, but his sympathies withCharles I of England and with theAnglican Communion were so strong that he declined to sit. Early in 1643 he was chosen chancellor ofSalisbury Cathedral, but he was soon deprived of this position as a "malignant." After the final Royalist defeat at theBattle of Worcester, Earle went abroad, and was madeClerk of the Closet (1651–1664) and chaplain to his former studentCharles II.^[2]

He spent a year at Antwerp in the house ofIzaak Walton's friend,George Morley. He then joined the Duke of York (the futureJames II) in Paris, returning to England at theRestoration. He was appointed dean ofWestminster, and in 1661 was one of the commissioners for revising the liturgy. He was on friendly terms withRichard Baxter. In November 1662 he was consecratedBishop of Worcester, and was translated, ten months later, to thesee of Salisbury, where he conciliated the nonconformists. He was strongly opposed to theConventicle Act andFive Mile Act. During theGreat Plague of London in 1665 – 1666, Earle attended to Charles II and hisQueen consort Catherine of Braganza atOxford, and there he died.^[2]

Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, in hisLife, wrote "Dr Earle was a man of great piety and devotion, a most eloquent and powerful preacher, and of a conversation so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent, and so very facetious, that no man’s company was more desired and loved. No man was more negligent in his dress and habit and mien, no man more wary and cultivated in his behaviour and discourse. He was very dear to the Lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much time as he could make his own."^[2]

Works

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Earle's chief title to remembrance is his witty and humorous work,Microcosmographie, or aPeece of the World discovered, in Essayes and Characters, which throws light on the manners of the time. First published anonymously in 1628, it became very popular, and ran through ten editions in the lifetime of the author. The style is quaint and epigrammatic: "A university dunner is a gentlemen follower cheaply purchased, for his own money has hyr'd him." Several reprints of the book have been issued since the author's death; and in 1671 a French translation byJames Dymocke appeared with the title ofLe Vice ridicule.^[2]

Earle was employed by Charles II to make the Latin translation of theEikon Basilike, published in 1649. A similar translation ofRichard Hooker'sEcclesiastical Polity was accidentally destroyed.^[2]

Notes

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^Baggs, A. P.; Critall, Elizabeth; Freeman, Jane; Stevenson, Janet H. (1980). "Parishes: Bishopstone". In Crowley, D. A. (ed.).A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 11.Victoria County History. University of London. pp. 3–19. Retrieved12 January 2022 – via British History Online.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Earle, John".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 796.

References

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Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888)."Earle, John (1601?-1665)" .Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 16. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Spurr, John. "Earle, John (1598x1601–1665)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8400. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)

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Church of England titles
Preceded by Richard Steward	Dean of Westminster 1660–1662	Succeeded by John Dolben
Preceded by John Gauden	Bishop of Worcester 1662–1663	Succeeded by Robert Skinner
Preceded by Humphrey Henchman	Bishop of Salisbury 1663–1665	Succeeded by Alexander Hyde

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v t e Bishops of Worcester
Early medieval	Bosel Oftfor Egwin of Evesham Wilfrith(I) Milred Waermund Tilhere Heathured Denebeorht Heahbeorht Ealhhun Werferth Æthelhun Wilfrith(II) Koenwald Dunstan Oswald Ealdwulf
High medieval	Wulfstan(I) Leofsige Beorhtheah Lyfing Ælfric Puttoc Lyfing Ealdred Wulfstan(II) Samson Theulf Simon John de Pageham Alured Roger Baldwin of Forde William of Northall Robert FitzRalph Henry de Sully John of Coutances Mauger Randulf of Evesham Walter de Gray Sylvester William de Blois Walter de Cantilupe Nicholas of Ely Godfrey Giffard
Late medieval	John St German William Gainsborough Walter Reynolds Walter Maidstone Thomas Cobham Wulstan Bransford Adam Orleton Simon Montacute Thomas Hemenhale Wulstan Bransford John of Thoresby Reginald Brian John Barnet William Whittlesey William Lenn Walter Lyghe Henry Wakefield Robert Tideman of Winchcombe Richard Clifford Thomas Peverel Philip Morgan Thomas Polton Thomas Brunce Thomas Bourchier John Carpenter("Bishop of Worcester and Westbury") John Alcock Robert Morton Giovanni de' Gigli
Early modern	Silvestro de' Gigli Girolamo Ghinucci Hugh Latimer John Bell Nicholas Heath John Hooper, Bishop of Worcester and Gloucester Nicholas Heath Richard Pate Edwin Sandys Nicholas Bullingham John Whitgift Edmund Freke Richard Fletcher Thomas Bilson Gervase Babington Henry Parry John Thornborough John Prideaux Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) George Morley John Gauden John Earle Robert Skinner Walter Blandford James Fleetwood William Thomas Edward Stillingfleet William Lloyd John Hough Isaac Maddox James Johnson Brownlow North Richard Hurd
Late modern	Folliott Cornewall Robert Carr Henry Pepys Henry Philpott John Perowne Charles Gore Huyshe Yeatman-Biggs Ernest Pearce Arthur Perowne William Wilson Cash Mervyn Charles-Edwards Robin Woods Philip Goodrich Peter Selby John Inge

v t e Bishops of Salisbury
see at Sherborne	see erected fromWinchester StAldhelm Forthhere Herewald Æthelmod Denefrith Wigberht Eahlstan StHeahmund Æthelheah Wulfsige I Asser Æthelweard Wærstan Æthelbald Sigehelm Alfred Wulfsige II Ælfwold I Æthelsige I Wulfsige III Æthelric Æthelsige II Brithwine I Ælfmær Brithwine II StÆlfwold II Herman see united withRamsbury and removed to Old Sarum
see atOld Sarum	united fromSherborne &Ramsbury Herman Saint Osmund Roger Henry of Sully Philip de Harcourt Josceline de Bohon Hubert Walter Herbert Poore Richard Poore see removed toNew Sarum
Medieval	Richard Poore Robert de Bingham William de York Giles of Bridport Walter de la Wyle Robert Wickhampton Walter Scammel Henry Brandeston Lawrence de Awkeburne William de la Corner Nicholas Longespee Simon of Ghent Roger Martival Robert Wyvil Ralph Ergham John Waltham Richard Mitford Nicholas Bubwith Robert Hallam John Chandler Robert Neville William Ayscough Richard Beauchamp Lionel Woodville Thomas Langton John Blyth Henry Deane
Early modern	Edmund Audley Lorenzo Campeggio Nicholas Shaxton John Capon Gasparo Contarini William Petow Francis Mallet John Jewel Edmund Gheast John Piers John Coldwell Henry Cotton Robert Abbot Martin Fotherby Robert Tounson John Davenant Brian Duppa Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) Brian Duppa Humphrey Henchman John Earle Alexander Hyde Seth Ward Gilbert Burnet William Talbot Richard Willis Benjamin Hoadly Thomas Sherlock John Gilbert John Thomas(I) Robert Hay Drummond John Thomas(II) John Hume Shute Barrington John Douglas
Late modern	John Fisher Thomas Burgess Edward Denison Walter Kerr Hamilton George Moberly John Wordsworth Frederick Ridgeway St Clair Donaldson Neville Lovett Geoffrey Lunt William Anderson Joe Fison George Reindorp John Baker David Stancliffe Nick Holtam Stephen Lake

v t e Clerks of the Closet
17th century	Richard Neile William Juxon Matthew Wren Richard Steward Gilbert Sheldon John Earle John Dolben Walter Blandford Nathaniel Crew Thomas Sprat Sir Edward Petre John Tillotson Thomas Burnet John Montagu
18th century	William Graham Samuel Pratt Charles Trimnell Richard Willis Henry Egerton Joseph Butler John Gilbert John Thomas William Buller Richard Hurd
19th century	William Jackson George Pelham Robert Carr Edward Stanley John Graham Henry Philpott Randall Davidson
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