40°57′29″N100°17′28″E / 40.95806°N 100.29111°E /40.95806; 100.29111
 Map of the chinese Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Interactive map of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location | Ejin,Alxa,Inner Mongolia & Hangtian,Jinta,Jiuquan,Gansu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Coordinates | 40°57′29″N100°17′28″E / 40.95806°N 100.29111°E /40.95806; 100.29111 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operator | CASC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total launches | 235 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Launch pad | Two | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Launch history | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status | Active | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center | |||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 酒泉卫星发射中心 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 酒泉衛星發射中心 | ||||||||
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Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC;Chinese:酒泉卫星发射中心;pinyin:Jiǔquán Wèixīng Fāshè Zhōngxīn also known as Shuangchengzi Missile Test Center; Launch Complex B2; formally Northwest Comprehensive Missile Testing Facility (西北综合导弹试验基地); Base 20; 63600 Unit)[1] is a Chinesespace vehicle launch facility (spaceport), acorps grade[2] subordinate unit of thePLA Aerospace Force. It is located between theEjin Banner,Alxa League,Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town,Jinta County,Jiuquan Prefecture,Gansu Province.[3] It is part of theDongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10). Because 95% of JSLC located in Jinta County, Jiuquan, the launch center is named after Jiuquan. The launch center straddles both sides of theRuo Shui river.[4]
It was founded in 1958, the first of China's four spaceports. As with most Chinese launch facilities, it is remote and generally closed to foreigners.
The Satellite Launch Center is a part of Dongfeng Space City (东风航天城), also known asBase 10 (十号基地) orDongfeng base (东风基地). The Dongfeng site also includesPeople's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) test flight facilities, a space museum and a martyrs' cemetery (东风烈士陵园).[5][better source needed]
JSLC is usually used to launch vehicles into lower and medium orbits with large orbital inclination angles, as well as testing medium to long-rangemissiles. Its facilities are state of the art and provide support to every phase of a satellite launch campaign.[citation needed] The site includes the Technical Center, the Launch Complex, the Launch Control Center, the Mission Command and Control Center and various other logistical support systems.
The center covers 2800 km2 and may have housing for as many as 20,000 people. The facilities and launch support equipment were likely modelled on Soviet counterparts and theSoviet Union likely provided technical support to Jiuquan.[citation needed]
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center was expanded during theThird Front campaign to develop basic industry and national defense industry in China's rugged interior to prepare for potential invasion by the Soviet Union or the United States.[6]: 218
The launch center has been the focus of many of China's ventures into space, including their firstsatelliteDong Fang Hong I in 1970,[7]: 218 and their firstcrewed space missionShenzhou 5 on 15 October 2003. As of 2021, all Chinese crewed space flights, meaning all flights in theShenzhou program including crewed flights to theTiangong space station, have launched from Jiuquan.[citation needed]
In August 2016, China launched the first quantum communication satellite, the "Quantum Experiments at Space Scale", from the center.[8]
In August 2018, Chinese private rocket manufacturing startupsi-Space andOneSpace launchedsub-orbital rockets from the center.[9] On 25 July 2019, the first Chinese private orbital launch took place from Jiuquan asI-Space launched their Hyperbola-1 rocket.[citation needed]
The launch site comprises two launch complexes, each containing several launch locations. All the launch statistics reported below are up to date as of December 2023.
The North Launch Complex consists in two different launch areas, both currently inactive.
The South Launch complex is currently active and consists in a main launch area used byCASC to handle the launches of severalLong March vehicles and a variety of concrete pads for small rocket launches.
| Date (UTC) | Vehicle | Serial number | Launch Pad | Payload | Outcome | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 April 1970 13:35 | Long March 1 | Y1 | LA-2A | Dong Fang Hong 1 | Success | First satellite launched by China. |
| 3 March 1971 12:15 | Long March 1 | Y2 | LA-2A | Shijian 1 | Success | |
| 18 September 1973 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | JSSW-1 | Failure | ||
| 12 July 1974 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | JSSW-2 | Failure | ||
| 5 November 1974 | Long March 2 | LA-2B | FSW-0 0 | Failure | Maiden flight of Long March 2. | |
| 26 July 1975 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | JSSW-3 | Success | ||
| 26 November 1975 | Long March 2 | LA-2B | FSW-0 1 | Success | ||
| 16 December 1975 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | JSSW-4 | Success | ||
| 30 August 1976 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | JSSW-5 | Success | ||
| 10 November 1975 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | JSSW-6 | Failure | ||
| 7 December 1976 | Long March 2 | LA-2B | FSW-0 2 | Success | ||
| 26 January 1978 | Long March 2 | LA-2B | FSW-0 3 | Success | ||
| 28 July 1979 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | Shijian-2A | Failure | ||
| 20 September 1981 | Feng Bao 1 | LA-2B | Shijian-2 | Success | ||
| 9 September 1982 | Long March 2C | Y1 | LA-2B | FSW-0 4 | Success | Maiden flight of the Long March 2C. |
| 19 August 1983 | Long March 2C | Y2 | LA-2B | FSW-0 5 | Success | |
| 12 September 1984 | Long March 2C | Y3 | LA-2B | FSW-0 6 | Success | |
| 21 October 1985 | Long March 2C | Y4 | LA-2B | FSW-0 7 | Success | |
| 6 October 1986 | Long March 2C | Y5 | LA-2B | FSW-0 8 | Success | |
| 5 August 1987 | Long March 2C | Y6 | LA-2B | FSW-0 9 | Success | |
| 9 September 1987 | Long March 2C | Y7 | LA-2B | FSW-1 1 | Success | |
| 5 August 1988 | Long March 2C | Y8 | LA-2B | FSW-1 2 | Success | |
| 5 October 1990 | Long March 2C | Y9 | LA-2B | FSW-1 3 | Success | |
| 9 August 1992 | Long March 2D | Y1 | LA-2B | FSW-0 5 | Success | Maiden flight of the Long March 2D. |
| 6 October 1992 | Long March 2C | Y10 | LA-2B | FSW-1 4 Freja | Success | |
| 8 October 1993 | Long March 2C | Y11 | LA-2B | FSW-1 5 | Success | |
| 3 July 1994 | Long March 2D | Y2 | LA-2B | FSW-2 2 | Success | |
| 20 October 1996 | Long March 2D | Y3 | LA-2B | FSW-2 3 | Success | |
| 20 November 1999 | Long March 2F | Y1 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 1 | Success | Maiden flight of Long March 2F. |
| 9 January 2001 | Long March 2F | Y2 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 2 | Success | |
| 25 March 2002 | Long March 2F | Y3 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 3 | Success | |
| 29 December 2002 | Long March 2F | Y4 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 4 | Success | |
| 15 October 2003 | Long March 2F | Y5 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 5 | Success | |
| 3 November 2003 | Long March 2D | Y4 | SLS-2 | FSW-3 1 | Success | |
| 19 August 2004 | Long March 2C | Y | SLS-2 | FSW-4 1 | Success | |
| 27 September 2004 | Long March 2D | Y | SLS-2 | FSW-3 2 | Success | |
| 6 July 2005 | Long March 2D | Y | SLS-2 | Shijian-7 | Success | |
| 2 August 2005 | Long March 2C | Y | SLS-2 | FSW-4 2 | Success | |
| 29 August 2005 | Long March 2D | Y | SLS-2 | FSW-3 3 | Success | |
| 12 October 2005 | Long March 2F | Y6 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 6 | Success | |
| 9 September 2006 | Long March 2D | Y | SLS-2 | Shijian-8 | Success | |
| 25 May 2007 | Long March 2D | Y | SLS-2 | Yaogan 2 | Success | |
| 25 April 2024 12:59 | Long March 2F | 2F-Y18 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 18 | Success | |
| 30 October 2024 | Long March 2F/G | 2F-Y19 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 19 | Success | |
| 24 April 2025 | Long March 2F/G | 2F-Y20 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 20 | Success |
| Date | Vehicle | Serial number | Launch Pad | Payload | Outcome | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 2025 | Long March 2F/G | 2F-Y20 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 20 | Planned | |
| October 2025 | Long March 2F/G | 2F-Y21 | SLS-1 | Shenzhou 21 | Planned |
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