Jiuquan 酒泉市 Tsiuchuan | |
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 Jiuquan Bell Tower | |
.png) Location of Jiuquan City jurisdiction in Gansu | |
  Jiuquan Location of the city center in Gansu Show map of Gansu Jiuquan Jiuquan (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Jiuquan government):39°44′00″N98°29′39″E / 39.7334°N 98.4943°E /39.7334; 98.4943 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Gansu |
| Municipal seat | Suzhou District |
| Area | |
| 167,883 km2 (64,820 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 3,353 km2 (1,295 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,577 km2 (1,767 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,483 m (4,865 ft) |
| Population | |
| 1,053,100 | |
| • Density | 6.3/km2 (16/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 693,959 |
| • Urban density | 210/km2 (540/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 768,274 |
| • Metro density | 170/km2 (430/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 84.1 billion US$ 12.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 79,840 US$ 11,573 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 735000 |
| Area code | 0937 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GS-09 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 甘F |
| Website | www |
| Jiuquan | |||||||||||||||
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| Chinese | 酒泉 | ||||||||||||||
| Postal | Kiuchwan | ||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Alcohol Spring(s)" | ||||||||||||||
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| Former names | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fulu | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 福祿 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 福禄 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Fortunate & Lucky | ||||||||
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| Suzhou | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 肅州 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 肃州 | ||||||||
| Postal | Suchow | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | SolemnPrefectural [Capital] | ||||||||
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Jiuquan, formerly known asSuzhou[4][5] is aprefecture-level city in the northwesternmost part ofGansuProvince in thePeople's Republic of China. It is more than 600 km (370 mi) wide from east to west, occupying 191,342 km2 (73,878 sq mi), although its built-up area is mostly located in itsSuzhou District.
The city was formerly known asFulu, which became known asSuzhou (Suchow,Su-chow,[5] &c.) after it became the seat ofSu Prefecture under theSui.[6] As the seat ofJiuquan Commandery, it eventually became known by that name in turn. The name Jiuquan —"wine spring(s)" — derives from alegendary story of the youngHan generalHuo Qubing, who was said to have poured a vat of precious wine into a local creek to share its taste with his troops after a victory over theXiongnu nomads.[7]
Fulu was founded in 111 BC as an outpost in theHexi Corridor near theJade Gate[5] along the overlandSilk Road. Jiuquan was a Hanprefecture and, under theEastern Han, an active military garrison.[7]Su Prefecture was established under theSui and renamedJiuquan Commandery under theTang.[6] In 624, Jiuquan County was established. In 763, it was occupied byTibetan Empire. After the fall of the Tibetan Empire, it was controlled by theGanzhou Uyghur Kingdom. In 1028, it was seized byXixia. During theYuan Dynasty, SuzhouLu was established under Gansu Province. It sometimes served as the capital of the province of Gansu.[5] Along with its role protecting trade along theSilk Road, Suzhou was the great center of therhubarb trade.[5]
Under theMing, Suzhou was the site where thePortugueseJesuit missionaryBento de Góis was robbed and died in 1607[8] during the exploration that finally established thatCathay and China were a single country.Meng Qiaofang took it fromDing Guodong in 1649. TheHui underMa Wenlu held it during theDungan Revolt. It was completely destroyed by the time it was recovered[5] by theQing generalZuo Zongtang in 1873 but it was swiftly rebuilt.[5]
Jiuquan is made up of one district, two counties, twoautonomous counties and twocountry-level cities.[9][10][11]
| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census)[12] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| Suzhou District | 肃州区 | Sùzhōu Qū | 428,346 | 3,353 | 127.8 |
| Yumen City | 玉门市 | Yùmén Shì | 159,792 | 13,310 | 12.01 |
| Dunhuang City | 敦煌市 | Dūnhuáng Shì | 186,027 | 26,720 | 6.96 |
| Jinta County | 金塔县 | Jīntǎ Xiàn | 147,460 | 16,250 | 9.07 |
| Guazhou County | 瓜州县 | Guāzhōu Xiàn | 148,798 | 23,570 | 6.31 |
| Subei Mongol Autonomous County | 肃北蒙古族 自治县 | Sùběi Měnggǔzú Zìzhìxiàn | 14,979 | 55,370 | 0.27 |
| Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County | 阿克塞哈萨克族 自治县 | Ākèsài Hāsàkèzú Zìzhìxiàn | 10,545 | 29,110 | 0.36 |
Jiuquan occupies the westernmost part of Gansu, borderingZhangye City to the east,Qinghai to the south,Xinjiang to the west,Ejin Banner,Alxa league ofInner Mongolia andMongolia to the north. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 37° 58' to 42° 48' N and in longitude from 92° 09' to 100° 20' E, and reaches a maximal north–south extent of 550 km (340 mi) and maximal east-west width of 680 km (420 mi). Suzhou District is approximately 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) above sea level.
Jiuquan has a colddesert climate (KöppenBWk), with long, cold winters, and hot, somewhat dry summers. Monthly average temperatures range from −8.9 °C (16.0 °F) in January to 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 7.79 °C (46.0 °F). Thediurnal temperature variation is relatively large, averaging 13.8 °C (24.8 °F) annually. With sunny weather and low humidity dominating year-round, the area hosts one of the launch sites for the PRC's space programme. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 62% in July to 77% in October, the city receives 3,031 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Jiuquan, elevation 1,477 m (4,846 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 34.7 (94.5) | 38.1 (100.6) | 38.0 (100.4) | 33.0 (91.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 19.6 (67.3) | 12.9 (55.2) | 38.1 (100.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) | 3.3 (37.9) | 10.5 (50.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 27.9 (82.2) | 29.7 (85.5) | 28.3 (82.9) | 23.1 (73.6) | 15.8 (60.4) | 7.3 (45.1) | −0.3 (31.5) | 15.5 (59.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) | −4.1 (24.6) | 2.9 (37.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 16.5 (61.7) | 21.1 (70.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 15.1 (59.2) | 7.8 (46.0) | 0.1 (32.2) | −7.3 (18.9) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.9 (5.2) | −10.3 (13.5) | −3.3 (26.1) | 3.9 (39.0) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.9 (57.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 13.9 (57.0) | 8.6 (47.5) | 1.6 (34.9) | −5.4 (22.3) | −12.7 (9.1) | 1.7 (35.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.8 (−18.0) | −31.6 (−24.9) | −25.7 (−14.3) | −9.8 (14.4) | −3.4 (25.9) | 5.1 (41.2) | 8.4 (47.1) | 4.4 (39.9) | −3.7 (25.3) | −16.9 (1.6) | −20.6 (−5.1) | −29.8 (−21.6) | −31.6 (−24.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.2 (0.09) | 1.4 (0.06) | 5.0 (0.20) | 3.8 (0.15) | 8.6 (0.34) | 17.7 (0.70) | 21.6 (0.85) | 17.3 (0.68) | 10.7 (0.42) | 3.5 (0.14) | 2.1 (0.08) | 2.6 (0.10) | 96.5 (3.81) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 40.2 |
| Average snowy days | 3.7 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 18.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 45 | 40 | 33 | 35 | 42 | 51 | 53 | 52 | 47 | 50 | 58 | 47 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 216.2 | 217.5 | 253.1 | 273.5 | 303.4 | 295.0 | 287.8 | 280.7 | 265.6 | 267.0 | 226.1 | 209.7 | 3,095.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 71 | 71 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 64 | 67 | 72 | 79 | 77 | 72 | 70 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[13][14][15] all-time extreme temperature[16]NOAA[17] | |||||||||||||
Jiuquan is served byChina National Highway 312 and theLanzhou-Xinjiang (Lanxin) Railway. The Lanxin Railway has several side branches within Jiuquan Prefecture. In particular, a railway branch runs from the Liugou Station inGuazhou County toDunhuang, serving both Guazhou county seat and Dunhuang. There are plans to expand it further south intoQinghai; the extension, known as theGolmud–Dunhuang Railway, will connect Dunhuang toGolmud,Qinghai on theQinghai–Tibet railway.[18]There is also theJiayuguan–Ceke branch, which runs through the desert areas of Jiuquan Prefecture'sJinta County.
Jiuquan is also served byJiuquan Airport. There is alsoDunhuang Airport in Dunhuang.
Jiuquan is the closest major city to theJiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Still, the space launch center is more than 100 km (62 mi) away from the city, and is actually located not in Gansu province, but in the neighboringInner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built in 1958; the first Chinesehuman spaceflight,Shenzhou 5 was launched there on 15 October 2003, makingYang Liwei China's first astronaut and a national hero.[19] The second was in 2005.
Jiuquan is known within China as the first site ofrhubarb cultivation.[8]
2010年第六次人口普查，酒泉市常住总人口1095947人，其中，肃州区428346人，金塔县147460人，瓜州县148798人，肃北蒙古族自治县14979人，阿克塞哈萨克族自治县10545人，玉门市159792人，敦煌市186027人。
统计用区划代码 名称 620901000000 市辖区 620902000000 肃州区 620921000000 金塔县 620922000000 瓜州县 620923000000 肃北蒙古族自治县 620924000000 阿克塞哈萨克族自治县 620981000000 玉门市 620982000000 敦煌市"
全市辖"一区两市四县"（肃州区，玉门市、敦煌市，金塔县、瓜州县、肃北县和阿克塞县）
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