Jinhua 金华市 Kinhwa, Tsin Ua | |
|---|---|
 Views of Jinhua City center from Jinhua Mountains  Wanfo Pagoda  Jinhua-Yiwu New District  Old City Center in Wucheng District  Yanweizhou Park | |
 | |
 Location of Jinhua City jurisdiction in Zhejiang | |
| Coordinates (Jinhua municipal government):29°04′44″N119°38′49″E / 29.079°N 119.647°E /29.079; 119.647 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Zhejiang |
| County-level divisions | 9 |
| Township-level divisions | 191 |
| Municipal seat | Wucheng District |
| Government | |
| • Party Secretary | Zhao Guangjun (赵光军) |
| • Mayor | Ji Junmin (暨军民) |
| Area | |
| 10,926.16 km2 (4,218.61 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 2,049.5 km2 (791.3 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,049.5 km2 (791.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census[1]) | |
| 7,050,683 | |
| • Density | 650/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,463,990 |
| • Urban density | 710/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,463,990 |
| • Metro density | 710/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 470.4 billion US$ 62.0 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 72,192 US$ 11,096 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 579 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-ZJ-07 |
| License Plate Prefix | 浙G |
| City flower | Camellia[citation needed] |
| Jinhua | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg) "Jinhua" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 金华 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 金華 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Golden Flourishing" | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Jinhua[a] is aprefecture-level city in centralZhejiang province ineastern China. It borders the provincial capital ofHangzhou to the northwest,Quzhou to the southwest,Lishui to the south,Taizhou to the east, andShaoxing to the northeast. Its population was 7,050,683 as of the 2020 census including 1,463,990 in the built-up (or metro) area made of two urban districts (not including yet the satellite city ofLanxi, which has become essentially a suburban offshoot of Jinhua's main urban area).[3]
Jinhua is rich inred soil and forest resources. The Jinhua or Wu River flows through the Lan and Fuchun to theQiantang River besideHangzhou, which flows intoHangzhou Bay and theEast China Sea. In medieval China, it formed part of the water network feeding supplies to the southern end of theGrand Canal. It is best known for its dry-curedJinhua ham.
The history of Jinhua dates back to the 2nd century BC, when it was a county subordinate toShaoxing. It was given the name Jinhua under theSui dynasty in AD 598 and later became the seat of aprefecture. The present city and its walls date to theYuan dynasty in 1352.
The most famous native of Jinhua isHuang Chuping, aDaoist holy man of the 4th century and reputedimmortal whose descendants still live in the area.Wuyang Shan ("Reclining Sheep Mountain") is said to be a sheep which was turned to stone by Huang, a trick which he learned through his years of diligently studying Daoism.[citation needed]
Economically Jinhua has always prospered from its position as the regional collecting and processing center for agricultural and forestry products (chiefly rice and bamboo). It is currently the second most important grain producing area inZhejiang. In 1985 Jinhua was promoted to City status, and now is responsible for administering four cities, three counties and two districts. Animals raised there include dairy cattle, meat hogs (for the production ofJinhua ham, a famous local product for 900 years) and honeybees. Jinhua's industrial sector has developed more recently, producing machinery, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, building supplies and electrical and electronic equipment.
TheTang dynasty painterGuan Xiu[4] (Kuan-hsiu) was born in Jinhua. He is known for his paintings ofBuddhist holy men.
There are numerous scenic and historical sites in the Jinhua region, including many places associated with the Immortal Huang, and a palace of the Dukes of theTaiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Jinhua is located at latitudes 28° 32'−29° 41' N and longitudes 119° 14'−120° 46' E in the center ofZhejiang. It bordersHangzhou to the northwest,Quzhou to the southwest,Lishui to the south,Taizhou to the east, andShaoxing to the northeast.
Jinhua has ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa) with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is 17.33 °C (63.2 °F), with monthly daily averages ranging from 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) in January to 29.0 °C (84.2 °F) in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of 1,450 millimetres (57.1 in) and is affected by theplum rains of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks.
| Climate data for Jinhua, elevation 63 m (207 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 34.8 (94.6) | 34.5 (94.1) | 36.6 (97.9) | 37.6 (99.7) | 40.7 (105.3) | 42.0 (107.6) | 39.6 (103.3) | 35.9 (96.6) | 31.3 (88.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.6 (54.7) | 16.9 (62.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 27.7 (81.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.1 (93.4) | 29.6 (85.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 12.5 (54.5) | 22.8 (73.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) | 8.2 (46.8) | 12.2 (54.0) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 25.6 (78.1) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.3 (84.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 14.2 (57.6) | 8.2 (46.8) | 18.3 (65.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 19.1 (66.4) | 22.5 (72.5) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.9 (71.4) | 16.4 (61.5) | 10.8 (51.4) | 5.0 (41.0) | 14.9 (58.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.6 (14.7) | −8.9 (16.0) | −1.6 (29.1) | 0.6 (33.1) | 8.7 (47.7) | 13.3 (55.9) | 18.8 (65.8) | 18.6 (65.5) | 13.1 (55.6) | 2.4 (36.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | −6.8 (19.8) | −9.6 (14.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 83.7 (3.30) | 89.9 (3.54) | 160.6 (6.32) | 157.0 (6.18) | 179.4 (7.06) | 289.9 (11.41) | 149.9 (5.90) | 129.9 (5.11) | 84.9 (3.34) | 49.6 (1.95) | 72.4 (2.85) | 65.4 (2.57) | 1,512.6 (59.53) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.5 | 13.1 | 17.1 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 11.7 | 12.9 | 10.3 | 7.7 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 156 |
| Average snowy days | 3.7 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 74 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 77 | 69 | 70 | 73 | 70 | 73 | 72 | 72 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 93.7 | 97.2 | 116.1 | 139.1 | 157.7 | 134.7 | 235.6 | 219.4 | 163.4 | 157.7 | 124.5 | 120.5 | 1,759.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 29 | 31 | 31 | 36 | 37 | 32 | 55 | 54 | 45 | 45 | 39 | 38 | 39 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] all-time extreme temperature[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[8] | |||||||||||||
The prefecture-level city of Jinhua administers 9county-level divisions, including 2districts, 4county-level cities and 3counties.
| Map | ||
|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | Simplified Chinese | Pinyin |
| Wucheng District | 婺城区 | Wùchéng Qū |
| Jindong District | 金东区 | Jīndōng Qū |
| Lanxi | 兰溪市 | Lánxī Shì |
| Yongkang | 永康市 | Yǒngkāng Shì |
| Yiwu | 义乌市 | Yìwū Shì |
| Dongyang | 东阳市 | Dōngyáng Shì |
| Wuyi County | 武义县 | Wǔyì Xiàn |
| Pujiang County | 浦江县 | Pǔjiāng Xiàn |
| Pan'an County | 磐安县 | Pán'ān Xiàn |
These are further divided into 191township-level divisions, including 107towns, 73townships and 11subdistricts.
Jinhua architecture, also known as Wu-school architecture, is a style of traditional Chinese architecture that is characterized by large apartments, large courtyards, large open halls, horse-head walls. This style is different from thecourtyard houses in Beijing and theearth buildings inFujian.
Representative of theMing andQing Dynasty residences, Jinhua architecture typically features a clear central axis and a symmetrical layout. These buildings were often constructed by the royal family or the descendants ofConfucianism, and served as both living spaces and cultural artifacts that reflect the values and beliefs of Confucianism.
The common characteristic of Confucian inheritance is the emphasis on respecting teachers, education, law, and rules. This philosophy is reflected in the spatial design and construction of Jinhua architecture. These houses are built with a harmonious balance betweenYin andYang and embody symmetry and balance.
Jinhua has a rather flexible economic system with distinctive economic characteristics in different areas. 90% of enterprises are in and about 88% of itsGDP are from private sector.[citation needed]
Jinhua enjoys an advanced civilian-owned economy, with its industry mainly supported by processing and manufacturing. Leading industries of the city includeclothing andtextile,mechanics andelectronics,pharmacy andchemistry,manufacturing crafts,metalwork processing architecture andbuilding materials,automobile-and-motorcycle accessories,food processing, and plastic ware.[citation needed]
Industries are distributed with different characteristics in different counties or county-level cities. For instance,Yiwu is characterized by itslight-industry commodities,Yongkang by itsautomobile-and-motorcycle accessories and mechanical and electric tools,Dongyang by itsclothing, architecture andmagnetic materials, the Jinhua Proper by its pharmacy, construction materials and industrial measures,Lanxi by its non-ferrousmetal,cement,towels and daily chemicals, andPujiang by itstextile, lockmaking, and lantern ornaments ofcrystals.[citation needed]
Traditionalhandicrafts have been flourishing in Jinhua. Thewood carving andbamboo weaving inDongyang, thestraw plaiting, lace purling andcrystals carving inPujiang, and the hardware crafts inYongkang, all enjoy a long history of development and the products sell well both abroad and at home.[citation needed]
There are 2 major colleges / universities in Jinhua: the provincialpublic universityZhejiang Normal University (ZJNU),[9] and the municipal publicvocational collegeJinhua Polytechnic.
Major provincial key high schools in Jinhua includeJinhua No. 1 High School, High School Affiliated to Zhejiang Normal University, Aiqing High School, Jinhua Tangxi Senior High School, Jinhua Foreign Language School, Lanxi No. 1 High School, Zhejiang Dongyang High School,Zhejiang Yiwu High School, Yiwu No. 2 High School, Yongkang No. 1 Senior Middle School, Zhejiang Pujiang High School, Wuyi No. 1 High School, and Pan'an High School.
Many education cooperations happen in Jinhua. Jinhua has been leading China-Africa education cooperation since the 1980s with the help of colleges and universities. Zhejiang Normal University began to recruit short-term international students inChina in the 1980s. To date, the university has trained more than 8,000 African students in theChinese language,international education in Chinese,business administration,comparative education,software engineering,mechanical design, andmanufacturing andautomation.[10]
Jinhua ham has bright colors, with red and white hues. The lean meat has a sweetness, while the fat imparts a flavor without being overly greasy. It is a rich source ofprotein,fat, multiplevitamins andminerals. Jinhua ham is produced during winter and matured throughout the summer, which allows for fermentation. Its consumption is associated with various health benefits, such as nourishing the stomach and kidneys, strengthening bone marrow, and promoting wound healing.[citation needed]
Jinhua ham features thin skin, with bright yellow skin and a lute-like shape. Its flesh is red and aromatic, earning it the reputation of the "four perfections" for its combination of color, fragrance, taste, and shape.
Yongkang Roumaibing (meat patties) is a traditional snack ofYongkang. Throughout Yongkang's history, local farmers have prepared meat patties as a staple dish duringharvest festivals. Despite its coarse appearance, Yongkang meat patties are regarded and deemed as an example of the idiom "Don't judge a book by its cover."
Yongkang meat patties are generally divided into two types. One is the thin patty (also known as the triangle patty), which is flat and large in area. The whole thin patty is cut into several triangle patties and sold with pork and dried vegetable filling. The other is the thick patty, a thicker, smaller patty filled withpotato,tofu,cowpea,lotus root, etc.
Main railway stations:
Jinhua enjoys convenient transportation, being the communications center in southeast China between coastal and inland areas. It is one of the major hubs of land transportation in the country. TheZhejiang-Jiangxi, Jinhua-Wenzhou and Jinhua-Qiandaohu railways intersect in the city. TheHangzhou-Jinhua-Quzhou Expressway, the Jinhua-Lishui-Wenzhou Expressway, the No. 330 and 320 National Highways, and other provincial highroads traverse the area. The city aggregation around Jinhua Proper has formed a "Half-an-Hour's-Ride Economic Circle", there being merely a 90-minute and a 3-hour journey driving from the city toHangzhou andShanghai respectively.
Jinhua Rail Transit is ametro system in Jinhua.Jinyidong Line connects the 2 districts of Jinhua toYiwu andDongyang. It was opened on August 30, 2022.[11]
Yiwu Airport provides service to major cities in China mainland andHong Kong.
Jinhua Architecture Park, a collection of 17 pavilions designed by Chinese and international architects, is set on the banks of theYiwu River.
 | ||
| ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
