38°42′N118°6′E / 38.700°N 118.100°E /38.700; 118.100
Jing-Jin-Ji 京津冀城市群 | |
|---|---|
| Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration | |
.jpg) Beijing, the largest city in megalopolis | |
 Beijing-Tianjin from space | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Municipalities | Beijing Tianjin |
| Major Prefectural Cities | Baoding Shijiazhuang Tangshan Cangzhou Langfang Zhangjiakou Chengde Qinhuangdao |
| Government | |
| • Mayor of Beijing | Yin Yong |
| • Mayor of Tianjin | Zhang Gong |
| • Governor of Hebei | Wang Zhengpu |
| Area | |
• Total | 217,156 km2 (83,844 sq mi) |
| Population (2020[2]) | |
• Total | 110 million |
| • Density | 507/km2 (1,310/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | CN¥ 11.539 trillion (US$ 1.620 trillion) (2024)[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
TheJing-Jin-Ji cluster[a] is an expandedurban agglomeration consisting ofBeijing (Jing),Tianjin (Jin), andHebei (Ji). It is the biggest urban agglomeration region inNorth China, including an economic region surrounding the municipalities ofBeijing andTianjin, and along the coast of theBohai Sea.[4] This emerging region is rising as a northern metropolitan region rivaling thePearl River Delta in the south and theYangtze River Delta in the east. In 2020, it had a total population of 110 million people, comparable to that of thePhilippines.
| Area (km2) | Population (2020) | GDP (CN¥)[5] | GDP (US$) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing (Jing) | 16,411 | 21,893,095 | CN¥ 4,984.310 billion | US$699.876 billion |
| Tianjin (Jin) | 11,946 | 13,866,009 | CN¥ 1,802.432 billion | US$253.090 billion |
| Hebei (Ji) | 188,800 | 74,610,235 | CN¥ 4,752.690 billion | US$667.353 billion |
| Jingjinji Urban Agglomeration | 217,156 | 110,369,339 | CN¥ 11.539 trillion | US$1.620 trillion |
As of 2024, the region'sGDP isCN¥11.54 trillion (US$1.62 trillion), equivalent to that ofSpain.[6] It occupied an area about twice the size ofSouth Korea.[7] Jingjinji had traditionally been involved inheavy industries andmanufacturing.Tianjin's strengths have always been inaviation,logistics, andshipping. Beijing complements this economic activity with strongpetrochemical,education, andR&D industries. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster forautomobile,electronics,petrochemical sectors, automotive industry,software andaircraft, thus attractingforeign investments in manufacturing andhealth services.[8][9]
TheChinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advancedcommunications network, betterhighways, increasededucation, and scientific resources, as well as tappingnatural resources off the Bohai rim.[10] In 2016, the Central Government approved a US$36-billion plan to link the various cities making up this metropolis by rail in order to reduce commute times and to better integrate them. This plan includes the construction of nine railways that are 1,100 km (680 mi) in length, which are set to be completed by 2020.[7] The long-term goal is to create a one-hour commuting region; an additional 24 intercity railways are planned to be built before 2050.[11]
In recent decades,petroleum andnatural gas deposits have been discovered in the Jingjinji region's coast of the Bohai sea.
In 2013-2014,General Secretary of the Chinese Communist PartyXi Jinping gave directives oncoordinating development in the region, elevating development strategies in the region to be a national priority.[12]: 142 In particular, planning strategies sought to alleviate development pressure in Beijing.[12]: 142–143 The desire to alleviate the development pressure of Beijing's increasing non-capital functions was formalized in the June 2015Outline Plan for Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and subsequently resulted in the establishment ofXiong'an.[12]: 143 Xiong'an is where Beijing's non-capital functions, such as universities, research institutes, and high-tech innovation centers are planned to be transferred over time.[12]: 145
| Metropolitan area | Chinese | Cities and districts | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing metropolitan area | 北京城市圈 Běijīng Chéngshì Quān | Beijing | 16,858,692 |
| Tianjin metropolitan area | 天津城市圈 Tiānjīn Chéngshì Quān | Tianjin,Binhai,Baodi,Jinghai,Jizhou,Ninghe | 10,277,893 |
| Shijiazhuang metropolitan area | 石家庄城市圈 Shíjiāzhuāng Chéngshì Quān | Shijiazhuang,Jinzhou,Xinji,Xinle | 3,823,504 |
| Baoding-Xiong'an metropolitan area | 保定雄安城市圈 Bǎodìng-Xióng'ān Chéngshì Quān | Baoding,Xiong'an,Anguo, Dingzhou,Gaobeidian,Zhuozhou | 3,056,000 |
| Tangshan metropolitan area | 唐山城市圈 Tángshān Chéngshì Quān | Tangshan | 2,237,317 |
Jingjinji includes theBeijing,Tianjin, andHebei provinces. Major cities in these municipalities and provinces include:
| City | Pinyin | Population(2010) | Image | Information | City Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing 北京 | Běijīng | 19,612,368 | .jpg) | Beijing is ametropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China. Beijing is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government. Beijing is China's second-largest city afterShanghai; more than 17 million people in Beijing's jurisdiction. |  |
| Tianjin 天津 | Tiānjīn | 12,938,224 |  | The third-largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of the urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that haveprovincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government. Its urban land area is the third-largest in China, ranked only after Beijing and Shanghai. |  |
| Baoding 保定 | Bǎodìng | 10,029,197 |  | Baoding is the third-largest city inHebei Province, ranked afterShijiazhuang andTangshan. The city is located in the center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Economic Triangle, with good transportation connections and close commuting distances to its nearby major cities. The newly establishedXiong'an New Area aims to be a high-tech,environmentally sustainable, modern metropolis and serves as a new hub for some administrative departments. Logistics bases in northern China are within the city limits of Baoding.[13] |  |
| Shijiazhuang 石家庄 | Shíjiāzhuāng | 9,547,869 |  | Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei, as well as the third-largest city in Jingjinji, after Beijing and Tianjin. |  |
| Tangshan 唐山 | Tángshān | 7,577,284 |  | Tangshan, a coastal city along theBohai Bay and neighboringTianjin, is the second-largest city in Hebei, after Shijiazhuang. It is also known for the1976 Tangshan earthquake. |  |
| Cangzhou 沧州 | Cāngzhōu | 7,134,053 |  | A city in south-east Hebei on the coast of the Bohai Sea coast. It borders Tianjin to the north. |  |
| Langfang 廊坊 | Lángfāng | 4,358,839 |  | Langfang is located between Beijing and Tianjin and contains theSanheexclave, which is separate from the rest of Hebei. |  |
| Zhangjiakou 张家口 | Zhāngjiākǒu | 4,345,491 |  | A city in north-west Hebei. It borders Beijing to the southeast. |  |
| Chengde 承德 | Chéngdé | 3,473,197 |  | A city in northeastHebei, best known for theChengde Mountain Resort. |  |
| Qinhuangdao 秦皇岛 | Qínhuángdǎo | 2,987,605[14] |  | A city in north-east coastalHebei, best known for theBeidaihe. |  |
There are many major highways servicing the routes within Jingjinji area. This includes the following expressways:
The following sixChina National Highways pass through Tianjin: