Jindřichův Hradec | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Míru Square with the Holy Trinity column | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Jindřichův Hradec Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°8′39″N15°0′11″E / 49.14417°N 15.00306°E /49.14417; 15.00306 | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | South Bohemian |
| District | Jindřichův Hradec |
| First mentioned | 1220 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Michal Kozár |
| Area | |
• Total | 74.29 km2 (28.68 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 475 m (1,558 ft) |
| Population (2025-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 20,540 |
| • Density | 276.5/km2 (716.1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 377 01 |
| Website | www |
Jindřichův Hradec (Czech pronunciation:[ˈjɪndr̝ɪxuːfˈɦradɛts]ⓘ;German:Neuhaus) is a town in theSouth Bohemian Region of theCzech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as anurban monument reservation.
Jindřichův Hradec consists of 14 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[2]
The Czech wordhradec is a diminutive ofhrad, i.e. 'castle'. Jindřichův Hradec ("Jindřich's small castle") was named after its founder, nobleman Jindřich I Vítkovec.[3]
Jindřichův Hradec is located about 42 kilometres (26 mi) northeast ofČeské Budějovice. It lies in theKřemešník Highlands. The highest point is the hill Rýdův kopec at 553 m (1,814 ft) above sea level.
The town is situated at the confluence of theNežárka River and the streamHamerský potok, and on the shore of the fishpond Vajgar (built on the Hamerský potok), which is one of the symbols of the town. It is a 49 ha (120 acres) large pond established in 1399.[4] There is a significant amount of other fishponds in the municipal territory.
| Climate data for Jindřichův Hradec, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 31.6 (88.9) | 34.5 (94.1) | 37.5 (99.5) | 36.5 (97.7) | 34.1 (93.4) | 27.4 (81.3) | 20.1 (68.2) | 18.1 (64.6) | 37.5 (99.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) | 3.4 (38.1) | 8.0 (46.4) | 14.1 (57.4) | 18.6 (65.5) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 18.7 (65.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 6.2 (43.2) | 2.0 (35.6) | 13.0 (55.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) | −0.6 (30.9) | 3.2 (37.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 13.0 (55.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 3.1 (37.6) | −0.7 (30.7) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) | −4.3 (24.3) | −0.9 (30.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.6 (51.1) | 12.2 (54.0) | 12.2 (54.0) | 8.3 (46.9) | 4.3 (39.7) | 0.5 (32.9) | −3.4 (25.9) | 3.8 (38.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.6 (−15.9) | −27.0 (−16.6) | −24.7 (−12.5) | −8.3 (17.1) | −3.7 (25.3) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.7 (36.9) | 0.6 (33.1) | −2.9 (26.8) | −9.0 (15.8) | −16.6 (2.1) | −25.5 (−13.9) | −27.0 (−16.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 41.4 (1.63) | 30.8 (1.21) | 44.6 (1.76) | 36.4 (1.43) | 71.7 (2.82) | 79.8 (3.14) | 88.1 (3.47) | 83.9 (3.30) | 58.4 (2.30) | 45.5 (1.79) | 38.5 (1.52) | 35.8 (1.41) | 654.9 (25.78) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 25.2 (9.9) | 18.0 (7.1) | 10.3 (4.1) | 1.2 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.1) | 6.7 (2.6) | 17.6 (6.9) | 79.2 (31.2) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 86.8 | 81.9 | 77.0 | 70.7 | 72.6 | 73.2 | 71.8 | 72.5 | 79.9 | 84.7 | 89.6 | 88.9 | 79.1 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 49.0 | 81.4 | 128.1 | 188.5 | 218.2 | 219.8 | 236.6 | 235.7 | 165.4 | 111.1 | 50.4 | 39.7 | 1,723.8 |
| Source:Czech Hydrometeorological Institute[5][6][7][8][9][10] | |||||||||||||
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The predecessor of today's town was a Slavicgord. The first written mention of Hradec is from 1220, when aGothic castle was built on the site of the former gord by the owner of the estate, Jindřich IVítkovec (founder of the line of lords of Hradec). In the mid-13th century, a settlement was founded by the castle and named after the founder of the castle. The current name Jindřichův Hradec is documented first in 1410.[11]
In the late 16th century, when Jindřichův Hradec was owned by the last members of the Hradec family, the town has reached the peak of its development. The houses and the castle were rebuilt from Gothic into theRenaissance style, and the town spread beyond the town walls. After theThirty Years' War, in 1654, Jindřichův Hradec was the second largest town in theKingdom of Bohemia with 405 houses. Soon after, however, it lost its political importance, and at the end of the 17th century, economic importance also declined.[11]
In 1773 and 1801 respectively, the town was damaged by large fires and many houses have undergone building modifications. Part of the town walls was demolished and a new large park was established on the border between Old Town and New Town. In 1887, the town was connected by railway withVeselí nad Lužnicí andJihlava.[12]
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| Source: Censuses[13][14] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The town's economy is focused mainly on services. The largest employer in the town is the hospital. The largest industrial companies are DK Open (food producer) and Pollmann CZ (manufacturer of car parts), both employing more than 250 people.[15]
Jindřichův Hradec is located at the crossroads of two main roads, which are parts of theEuropean route E551: the I/23, which connects the South Bohemian Region withBrno, and the I/34 fromČeské Budějovice toHavlíčkův Brod andSvitavy.
Jindřichův Hradec lies on the railway line fromPlzeň toHorní Cerekev via České Budějovice.[16] There is also anarrow-gauge railway leading from Jindřichův Hradec toNová Bystřice and another one toObrataň, used to be operated byJindřichohradecké místní dráhy company and serving mostly as a tourist attraction.[17]
Agymnasium, today known as Gymnázium Vitězslava Nováka, was founded in 1595, making it one of the oldest non-university schools in Central Europe.[18]
The town's basketball club is GBA Lions Jindřichův Hradec. It played in theNational Basketball League until 2018.
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The historic centre of Jindřichův Hradec is formed by the Míru Square with adjacent streets and the castle. The landmarks of the square are the former Gothic town hall, rebuilt several times; and Langer's house, originally a Gothic building, later rebuilt in the Renaissance style.[11]
The town castle and palace is the third largest in the country after those inPrague andČeský Krumlov.[19] It covers nearly 3 ha (7.4 acres).[20]
The regional museum is located in a Renaissance building that was once theJesuit seminary. It appeared in the town in 1882 and is one of the oldest regional museums in Bohemia.[21] The most well-known item in the museum is theKrýza's crèche, the largest mechanicalnativity scene in the world according to theGuinness Book of World Records.[22]
There are several churches in the town, the most notable are the three in the historic centre: Church of Saint John the Baptist with the nearby building that once housedMinorite monks and was later an infirmary, Church of Saint Mary Magdalene, and Church of Ascension of the Virgin Mary. The Church of Ascension of the Virgin Mary is known for its 68.3 m (224 ft) tall tower open to the public, and for marked 15°meridian that passes through the courtyard of the church.[23]
Other churches include Church of Saint Catherine with a Franciscan monastery, Church of the Holy Trinity, Church of Saint James the Great, Church of Saint Wenceslaus, Evangelical church, and former Church of Saint Elizabeth.
The Jewish cemetery was founded around 1400. The oldest preserved tombstone is from 1638.[24]
Jindřichův Hradec istwinned with:[25]
Dunajská Streda, Slovakia
Neckargemünd, Germany
Sárospatak, Hungary
Zwettl, Austria
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