31°14′14″N121°30′5″E / 31.23722°N 121.50139°E /31.23722; 121.50139
| Jin Mao Tower | |
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金茂大厦 | |
 The Jin Mao Tower in April 2007 | |
 Interactive map of Jin Mao Tower | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Skyscraper (incl.office,hotel,tourism, &retail) |
| Architectural style | Neo-Futurism |
| Location | 88Century Avenue Pudong District,Shanghai 200121, China |
| Construction started | 1994; 31 years ago (1994) |
| Completed | 1999; 26 years ago (1999) |
| Cost | US$530 million (1999) |
| Height | |
| Architectural | 420.5 meters (1,380 ft)[1] |
| Tip | 420.5 meters (1,380 ft) |
| Antenna spire | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Roof | 385.5 m (1,265 ft) |
| Top floor | 375 meters (1,230 ft)[2] |
| Observatory | 374.5 meters (1,229 ft)[2] |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 88 (+5 spire floors) (+3 basement floors)[2](Total: 96 floors) |
| Floor area | 289,500 m2 (3,116,000 sq ft)[2] |
| Lifts/elevators | 61[2] |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | Adrian Smith atSOM |
| Developer | China Jin Mao Group |
| Structural engineer | SOM[2] |
| References | |
| [2][3] | |
TheJin Mao Tower (simplified Chinese:金茂大厦;traditional Chinese:金茂大廈;pinyin:Jīnmào Dàshà;Shanghainese: Cinmeu Dagho; lit. ‘Golden Prosperity Building’), also known as theJinmao Building orJinmao Tower, is a 420.5-meter-tall (1,380 ft), 88-story (93 if counting the floors in the spire) landmarkskyscraper inLujiazui,Pudong,Shanghai, China. It contains ashopping mall,offices and theGrand Hyatt Shanghai hotel which starts from the 53rd floor; at the time of completion it was the highest hotel in the world. Along with theOriental Pearl Tower, theShanghai World Financial Center and theShanghai Tower, it is part of the Lujiazui skyline seen fromthe Bund.In Shanghai, the tallest structure is the Shanghai Tower, which stands at 632 meters. It is followed by the Shanghai World Financial Center at 492 meters, the Oriental Pearl Tower at 468 meters, and the Jin Mao Tower at 420.5 meters. While Jin Mao Tower is the fourth tallest structure by height, it is often referred to as the third tallest building because the Oriental Pearl Tower is technically classified as a television and observation tower rather than a traditional skyscraper. This distinction explains why some sources list Jin Mao as the third tallest building, even though it is actually the fourth tallest overall structure.
The building is located on a 24,000 m2 (260,000 sq ft) plot of land near theLujiazuimetro station and was built at an estimated cost ofUS$530 million.[citation needed]
It was designed by theChicago firm ofSkidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). Itspostmodern form, whose complexity rises as it ascends, draws ontraditional Chinese architecture such as the tieredpagoda, gently stepping back to create a rhythmic pattern as it rises. Like thePetronas Towers inMalaysia, the building's proportions revolve around thenumber 8,associated with prosperity inChinese culture. The 88 floors (93 if the spire floors are counted) are divided into 16 segments, each of which is 1/8 shorter than the 16-story base. The tower is built around an octagon-shapedconcreteshear wall core surrounded by 8 exteriorcomposite supercolumns and 8 exterior steel columns. Three sets of 8 two-story high outriggertrusses connect the columns to the core at six of the floors to provide additional support.
Thefoundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel piles driven 83.5 m (274 ft) deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time of construction, these were the longest steel piles ever used for a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4 m-thick concreteraft 19.6 m (64 ft) underground. The basement's surroundingslurry wall is1 m thick,36 m high and568 m long. It is composed of 20,500 m3 (720,000 cu ft) ofreinforced concrete.
The building employs an advancedstructural engineering system ofwind andearthquake engineering which fortify it againsttyphoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the topswaying by a maximum of 75 cm or 30 in) andearthquakes of up to 7 on theRichter scale. The steel shafts haveshear joints that act asshock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes. The swimming pool on the 57th floor is also said to act as a passivedamper. The exteriorcurtain wall is made of glass,stainless steel,aluminum, andgranite and is criss-crossed by complexlatticeworkcladding made of aluminum alloy pipes.
Official dedication was August 28, 1998, a date also chosen with the number 8 in mind. The building was fully operational in 1999. The Jin Mao Tower is owned by the China Jin Mao Group Co. Ltd (formerly "China Shanghai Foreign Trade Center Co. Ltd"). It reportedly has a daily maintenance cost of 1 millionRMB (US$121,000).[4]
The building has 3 main entrances to thelobby: two for the office portion and one for the hotel. The basement has express elevators to the observation deck and a parking area for 600 vehicles and 7,500 bicycles. In total, 61Mitsubishi elevators and 19 escalators carry visitors throughout the building. Levels 51, 52, and 89–93 aremechanical floors, accessible only by service elevators.
The 3-level basement has a food court, while the first two floors include theHyatt's conference and banquet facilities. The first six floors include a shopping mall, restaurants, and nightclubs, include Pu-J's.
The lower 50 floors (in the first 4 segments of the tower) are made up of 123,000 m2 (1,320,000 sq ft) of offices, divided into 5 elevator zones (3-6, 7-17, 18-29, 30-40, and 41-50). Office spaces are open-plan (column-free), with a floor-to-floor gross height of 4.0 m (13.1 ft) and net height of 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in).
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The building's anchor tenant is thefive-star 555-roomGrand Hyatt Shanghai hotel which occupies floors 53 to 87. It is one of the highest hotels in the world, second in Shanghai only to its sister property, the Shanghai Park Hyatt, occupying the 79th to 93rd floors of the immediately adjacentShanghai World Financial Center. These have since been surpassed byThe Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong, which occupies floors 102 to 118 of theInternational Commerce Center in Hong Kong. However, the tallest building to be used exclusively as a hotel is theJW Marriott Marquis Dubai.[5] Additionally, the world's longest laundry chute runs down the full length of the tower to the basement, incorporating buffers to slow the laundry during its descent.
The Hyatt's famousbarrel-vaultedatrium starts at the 56th floor and extends upwards to the 87th. Lined with 28 annular corridors and staircases arrayed in a spiral, it is 27 m (89 ft) in diameter with a clear height of approximately 115 m (377 ft).[6] It is one of the tallest atria in the world, the tallest being theBurj Al Arab's.
The hotel floors also feature:
The Skywalk, a 1,520 m2 (16,400 sq ft) indoorobservation deck with a capacity of 1,000+ people, occupies the 88th floor of the building. In addition to the panoramic views of Shanghai, it offers a topside view of the hotel atrium below. It also includes a smallpost office. Access is through two express elevators from the basement that travel at 9.1 m/s and take 45 seconds to reach the top. As of 2009, admission to the 88th floor costs 88RMB for adults and 45RMB for children.
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Geographic data related toJin Mao Tower atOpenStreetMap| Records | ||
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| Preceded by | Tallest Building in Shanghai 1998 – 2007 | Succeeded by |
Authority control databases: Geographic |
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